Micrognathism
Encyclopedia
Micrognathism is a condition where the jaw
is undersized. It is also sometimes called "Mandibular hypoplasia". It is common in infants, but is usually self-corrected during growth, due to the jaws increasing in size. It may be a cause of abnormal tooth alignment and in severe cases can hamper feeding.
, congenital rubella, DiGeorge's Syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
, Pierre Robin syndrome
, Hallermann-Streiff syndrome
, Trisomy 13(Patau syndrome), Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), X0 syndrome (Turner syndrome
), Progeria
, Treacher Collins syndrome
, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
, Russell-Silver syndrome, Seckel syndrome
, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
, Cri du chat syndrome, Bloom syndrome
and Marfan syndrome
.
Jaw
The jaw is any opposable articulated structure at the entrance of the mouth, typically used for grasping and manipulating food. The term jaws is also broadly applied to the whole of the structures constituting the vault of the mouth and serving to open and close it and is part of the body plan of...
is undersized. It is also sometimes called "Mandibular hypoplasia". It is common in infants, but is usually self-corrected during growth, due to the jaws increasing in size. It may be a cause of abnormal tooth alignment and in severe cases can hamper feeding.
Causes
While not always pathological, it can present as a birth defect in multiple syndromes including: fetal alcohol syndromeFetal alcohol syndrome
Fetal alcohol syndrome is a pattern of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Current research also implicates other lifestyle choices made by the prospective mother...
, congenital rubella, DiGeorge's Syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome is a group of inherited connective tissue disorders, caused by a defect in the synthesis of collagen . The collagen in connective tissue helps tissues to resist deformation...
, Pierre Robin syndrome
Pierre Robin syndrome
Pierre Robin Sequence , also known as Pierre Robin Malformation, is a congenital condition of facial abnormalities in humans. PRS is a sequence: a chain of certain developmental malformations, one entailing the next...
, Hallermann-Streiff syndrome
Hallermann-Streiff syndrome
Hallermann-Streiff syndrome is a congenital disorder that affects growth, cranial development, hair growth and dental development.There are fewer than 200 people with the syndrome worldwide...
, Trisomy 13(Patau syndrome), Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), X0 syndrome (Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome or Ullrich-Turner syndrome encompasses several conditions in human females, of which monosomy X is most common. It is a chromosomal abnormality in which all or part of one of the sex chromosomes is absent...
), Progeria
Progeria
Progeria is an extremely rare genetic condition wherein symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at an early age. The word progeria comes from the Greek words "pro" , meaning "before", and "géras" , meaning "old age"...
, Treacher Collins syndrome
Treacher Collins syndrome
Treacher Collins syndrome , also known as Treacher Collins–Franceschetti syndrome, or mandibulofacial dysostosis is a rare autosomal dominant congenital disorder characterized by craniofacial deformities, such as absent cheekbones. Treacher Collins syndrome is found in about 1 in 10,000 births, ....
, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is an autosomal recessive metabolic and developmental congenital disorder that causes the inability to correctly produce or synthesize cholesterol due to a low occurrence of the 7-DHC reductace enzyme.-Symptoms:The signs and symptoms of SLOS syndrome vary widely...
, Russell-Silver syndrome, Seckel syndrome
Seckel syndrome
The Seckel syndrome or microcephalic primordial dwarfism is a congenital nanosomic disorder....
, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common form of persistent arthritis in children. JIA is a subset of arthritis seen in childhood, which may be transient and...
, Cri du chat syndrome, Bloom syndrome
Bloom syndrome
Bloom's syndrome , also known as Bloom–Torre–Machacek syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive chromosomal disorder characterized by a high frequency of breaks and rearrangements in an affected person's chromosomes. The condition was discovered and first described by dermatologist Dr...
and Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue. People with Marfan's tend to be unusually tall, with long limbs and long, thin fingers....
.