Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations
Encyclopedia
Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations is a book length introduction to the fundamental research and advancements in electromagnetic composite substances known as electromagnetic metamaterials. The discussion encompasses examination of the physics
of metamaterial interactions, the designs, and the perspectives of engineering
regarding these materials. Also included throughout the book are potential applications, which are discussed at various points in each section of each chapter. The book encompasses a variety of theoretical, numerical, and experiment
al perspectives.
This book has been cited by a few hundred other peer reviewed research efforts, mostly peer-reviewed science articles.
received his Ph.D.
in Electrical Engineering
(with a minor in Physics), in 1982 from the California Institute of Technology
. Currently he is a Professor of Electrical and Systems Engineering, and Professor of Bioengineering at the University of Pennsylvania
. His current research activities include metamaterials
, plasmonics, nano-optics, nanophotonics
, bio-inspired sensing and imaging, miniaturized antennas
and nanoantennas.
Richard W. Ziolkowski
received both his M.S. and Ph.D. in physics
, in 1975 and 1980, respectively from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
. Currently he has a dual appointment at the University of Arizona
. He is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and a Professor of the Optical Sciences. His current research includes metamaterial physics and engineering related to low frequency and high frequency antenna systems, and includes nanoparticle lasers
.
Through their respective research, both Engheta and Ziolkowski have each contributed significantly to advancing metamaterials. Ziolkowski has been described as being at the leading edge of metamaterials research since a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) workshop, in November, 1999.
and Richard W. Ziolkowski
, are also the editors of this book. They have compiled the published research related to metamaterials at the end of each chapter of this book. The content of each chapter describes the path the current research is taking in its respective domain. Included are descriptions of basic research (physics), and how it is applied (engineering). The chapters are written by contributors who are carrying out the actual research and applications, including some chapter contributions by Engheta and Ziolkowski.
Hence, the content of the book also consists of original research papers by researcher
s in the field, who are knowledgeable about metamaterials, and who have made significant contributions, to the advancement and understanding of metamaterials.In this book's preface, the authors refer to the other contributors as "experts who are active in this area of research" p. xv. These persons were invited to present their discoveries and some conclusions, while researching metamateirals. Included in their findings are the state of the art
developments in applications for antennas
, waveguides, and related devices, and components.
. Afterwards, a history treatment is interspersed throughout the book, which frames the discussion of the related section or chapter.
The organizational structure of the book begins with dividing the subject, electromagnetic metamaterials, into two major classes of metamaterials. The first major class is the SNG and DNG
metamaterials, and the second major class is EBG structured metamaterials
.
The organizational format relates the SNG
and DNG metamaterials
into one class. This class is described by its common structure which is the subwavelength size of the inclusions, and the periodicity of the structure. The inclusions, or cells, are artificially arrayed into an ordered, repeating pattern, of equal dimensions and equidistant spacing. Such structures are then conceptually described as being homogenous
and as effective media.
EBG metamaterials, on the other hand, can be described by other periodic media
concepts.
These classes are sub-divided further into their three-dimensional (3D volumetric) and two-dimensional (2D planar or surface) realizations. Examples of the aforementioned types of metamaterials are provided and their known and anticipated properties are described.
In all, there are 14 chapters, along with a preface by the authors.
al perspectives of the contributors, along with current and intended applications. The extensive peer reviewed article reference lists, at the end of each chapter, are noteworthy.
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
of metamaterial interactions, the designs, and the perspectives of engineering
Engineering
Engineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of...
regarding these materials. Also included throughout the book are potential applications, which are discussed at various points in each section of each chapter. The book encompasses a variety of theoretical, numerical, and experiment
Experiment
An experiment is a methodical procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, falsifying, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis. Experiments vary greatly in their goal and scale, but always rely on repeatable procedure and logical analysis of the results...
al perspectives.
This book has been cited by a few hundred other peer reviewed research efforts, mostly peer-reviewed science articles.
Authors
Nader EnghetaNader Engheta
Nader Engheta is an Iranian scientist and engineer. He has significantly contributed to novel artificial materials, photonics, nano-structured materials, novel graphene materials, and plasmonics....
received his Ph.D.
Ph.D.
A Ph.D. is a Doctor of Philosophy, an academic degree.Ph.D. may also refer to:* Ph.D. , a 1980s British group*Piled Higher and Deeper, a web comic strip*PhD: Phantasy Degree, a Korean comic series* PhD Docbook renderer, an XML renderer...
in Electrical Engineering
Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical...
(with a minor in Physics), in 1982 from the California Institute of Technology
California Institute of Technology
The California Institute of Technology is a private research university located in Pasadena, California, United States. Caltech has six academic divisions with strong emphases on science and engineering...
. Currently he is a Professor of Electrical and Systems Engineering, and Professor of Bioengineering at the University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States,Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution...
. His current research activities include metamaterials
Nims
The Nims is a river in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, left tributary of the Prüm. Its total length is 59 km. The Nims originates in the Eifel hills, east of the town Prüm. It flows south through Schönecken, Seffern, and through the western quarters of Bitburg. The Nims joins the Prüm in Irrel....
, plasmonics, nano-optics, nanophotonics
Nanophotonics
Nanophotonics or Nano-optics is the study of the behavior of light on the nanometer scale. It is considered as a branch of optical engineering which deals with optics, or the interaction of light with particles or substances, at deeply subwavelength length scales...
, bio-inspired sensing and imaging, miniaturized antennas
Metamaterial antennas
Metamaterial antennas are a class of antennas which use metamaterials to increase performance of miniaturized antenna systems. Their purpose, as with any electromagnetic antenna, is to launch energy into free space...
and nanoantennas.
Richard W. Ziolkowski
Richard W. Ziolkowski
Richard W. Ziolkowski is a past president of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society , and a former vice president of this same society . In 2006 he was awarded OSA Fellow. He is also an IEEE Fellow....
received both his M.S. and Ph.D. in physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
, in 1975 and 1980, respectively from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
The University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign is a large public research-intensive university in the state of Illinois, United States. It is the flagship campus of the University of Illinois system...
. Currently he has a dual appointment at the University of Arizona
University of Arizona
The University of Arizona is a land-grant and space-grant public institution of higher education and research located in Tucson, Arizona, United States. The University of Arizona was the first university in the state of Arizona, founded in 1885...
. He is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and a Professor of the Optical Sciences. His current research includes metamaterial physics and engineering related to low frequency and high frequency antenna systems, and includes nanoparticle lasers
Solid state dye lasers
Solid state dye lasers were introduced in 1967 by Soffer and McFarland. In these solid state lasers, the gain medium is a laser dye-doped organic matrix such as poly , rather than a liquid solution of the dye...
.
Through their respective research, both Engheta and Ziolkowski have each contributed significantly to advancing metamaterials. Ziolkowski has been described as being at the leading edge of metamaterials research since a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) workshop, in November, 1999.
Research
Nader EnghetaNader Engheta
Nader Engheta is an Iranian scientist and engineer. He has significantly contributed to novel artificial materials, photonics, nano-structured materials, novel graphene materials, and plasmonics....
and Richard W. Ziolkowski
Richard W. Ziolkowski
Richard W. Ziolkowski is a past president of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society , and a former vice president of this same society . In 2006 he was awarded OSA Fellow. He is also an IEEE Fellow....
, are also the editors of this book. They have compiled the published research related to metamaterials at the end of each chapter of this book. The content of each chapter describes the path the current research is taking in its respective domain. Included are descriptions of basic research (physics), and how it is applied (engineering). The chapters are written by contributors who are carrying out the actual research and applications, including some chapter contributions by Engheta and Ziolkowski.
Hence, the content of the book also consists of original research papers by researcher
Researcher
A researcher is somebody who performs research, the search for knowledge or in general any systematic investigation to establish facts. Researchers can work in academic, industrial, government, or private institutions.-Examples of research institutions:...
s in the field, who are knowledgeable about metamaterials, and who have made significant contributions, to the advancement and understanding of metamaterials.In this book's preface, the authors refer to the other contributors as "experts who are active in this area of research" p. xv. These persons were invited to present their discoveries and some conclusions, while researching metamateirals. Included in their findings are the state of the art
State of the art
The state of the art is the highest level of development, as of a device, technique, or scientific field, achieved at a particular time. It also refers to the level of development reached at any particular time as a result of the latest methodologies employed.- Origin :The earliest use of the term...
developments in applications for antennas
Antenna (radio)
An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver...
, waveguides, and related devices, and components.
Scope
The first chapter opens with a very brief overview of the history of metamaterialsHistory of metamaterials
History of metamaterials shares a common history with artificial dielectrics in microwave engineering, as it developed just after World War II. However, there are seminal explorations of artificial materials for manipulating electromagnetic waves at the end of the 19th century...
. Afterwards, a history treatment is interspersed throughout the book, which frames the discussion of the related section or chapter.
The organizational structure of the book begins with dividing the subject, electromagnetic metamaterials, into two major classes of metamaterials. The first major class is the SNG and DNG
Negative index metamaterials
Negative index metamaterials or negative index materials are artificial structures where the refractive index has a negative value over some frequency range. This does not occur in any known natural materials, and thus is only achievable with engineered structures known as metamaterials...
metamaterials, and the second major class is EBG structured metamaterials
Metamaterial
Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties that may not be found in nature. Metamaterials usually gain their properties from structure rather than composition, using small inhomogeneities to create effective macroscopic behavior....
.
The organizational format relates the SNG
Metamaterial
Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties that may not be found in nature. Metamaterials usually gain their properties from structure rather than composition, using small inhomogeneities to create effective macroscopic behavior....
and DNG metamaterials
Negative index metamaterials
Negative index metamaterials or negative index materials are artificial structures where the refractive index has a negative value over some frequency range. This does not occur in any known natural materials, and thus is only achievable with engineered structures known as metamaterials...
into one class. This class is described by its common structure which is the subwavelength size of the inclusions, and the periodicity of the structure. The inclusions, or cells, are artificially arrayed into an ordered, repeating pattern, of equal dimensions and equidistant spacing. Such structures are then conceptually described as being homogenous
Homogeneity (physics)
In general, homogeneity is defined as the quality or state of being homogeneous . For instance, a uniform electric field would be compatible with homogeneity...
and as effective media.
EBG metamaterials, on the other hand, can be described by other periodic media
Periodic function
In mathematics, a periodic function is a function that repeats its values in regular intervals or periods. The most important examples are the trigonometric functions, which repeat over intervals of length 2π radians. Periodic functions are used throughout science to describe oscillations,...
concepts.
These classes are sub-divided further into their three-dimensional (3D volumetric) and two-dimensional (2D planar or surface) realizations. Examples of the aforementioned types of metamaterials are provided and their known and anticipated properties are described.
In all, there are 14 chapters, along with a preface by the authors.
Coverage
The book presents broad coverage of electromagnetic metamaterials. Coverage also includes theoretical, numerical, and experimentExperiment
An experiment is a methodical procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, falsifying, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis. Experiments vary greatly in their goal and scale, but always rely on repeatable procedure and logical analysis of the results...
al perspectives of the contributors, along with current and intended applications. The extensive peer reviewed article reference lists, at the end of each chapter, are noteworthy.
External links
- What Nature Cannot Provide, Engineers Invent Author interview article - University of Arizona, 'a best selling book'.
- JOM Book Review Program. Reviews this book. 05/6/2008
See also
- Metamaterials HandbookMetamaterials HandbookMetamaterials Handbook is a two-volume handbook on metamaterials edited by Filippo Capolino .The series is designed to cover all theory and application topics related to electromagnetic metamaterials. Disciplines have combined to study, and develop electromagnetic metamaterials...
- Victor VeselagoVictor VeselagoVictor Georgievich Veselago is a Russian physicist. In 1967, he was the first to publish a theoretical analysis of materials with negative permittivity, ε, and permeability μ....
(Originator of metamaterials) - History of metamaterialsHistory of metamaterialsHistory of metamaterials shares a common history with artificial dielectrics in microwave engineering, as it developed just after World War II. However, there are seminal explorations of artificial materials for manipulating electromagnetic waves at the end of the 19th century...
- Metamaterials (journal)Metamaterials (journal)Metamaterials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in March 2007. It is published by Elsevier in association with the Metamorphose Network of Excellence. The Coordinating Editor is Mikhail Lapine. The journal is published quarterly, with occasional special issues...