Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6
Encyclopedia
Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 6, also known as GRM6, is a protein
which in humans is encoded by the GRM6 gene
.
in the central nervous system
and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptor
s are a family of G protein-coupled receptor
s, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C
. Group II includes GRM2
and GRM3
, while Group III includes GRM4
, GRM6, GRM7
and GRM8
. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
which in humans is encoded by the GRM6 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Function
L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitterNeurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse. Neurotransmitters are packaged into synaptic vesicles clustered beneath the membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse, and are released into the synaptic cleft, where they bind to...
in the central nervous system
Central nervous system
The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system that integrates the information that it receives from, and coordinates the activity of, all parts of the bodies of bilaterian animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and radially symmetric animals such as jellyfish...
and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptor
Metabotropic glutamate receptor
The metabotropic glutamate receptors, or mGluRs, are a type of glutamate receptor that are active through an indirect metabotropic process. They are members of the group C family of G-protein-coupled receptors, or GPCRs...
s are a family of G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptors , also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein-linked receptors , comprise a large protein family of transmembrane receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal...
s, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C
Phospholipase C
Phosphoinositide phospholipase C is a family of eukaryotic intracellular enzymes that play an important role in signal transduction processes. In general, this enzyme is denoted as Phospholipase C, although three other families of phospholipase C enzymes have been identified in bacteria and in...
. Group II includes GRM2
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM2 gene.-PAMs:The development of subtype-2-selective positive allosteric modulators experienced steady advance in recent years...
and GRM3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM3 gene.-Ligands:Though truly mGluR3 selective agents still await their discovery, mixed mGluR2/3 ligands with selectivity over other mGluR-subtypes are known...
, while Group III includes GRM4
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM4 gene.Together with GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8 it belongs to group III of the metabotropic glutamate receptor family. Group III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade.Activation of GRM4 has...
, GRM6, GRM7
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM7 gene.-Agonists:*AMN082: allosteric agonist; induces rapid internalization; non-glutamatergic binding component-Interactions:...
and GRM8
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM8 gene.-Further reading:...
. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities.