Meir Ya'ari
Encyclopedia
Meir Ya'ari was an Israeli politician, educator and social activist. He was the leader of Hashomer Hatzair
, Kibbutz Artzi and Mapam
, and a member of the Knesset
.
his family moved to Vienna
. At the age of 17 he volunteered to the Austrian Army and served as an officer until the end of the war. He studied at the Agricultural Academy and at the University of Vienna
. In 1919 he co-founded and co-led the Viennese Hashomer Hatzair
. In 1920 he made aliyah
to Israel. He worked at Kinneret
and Gdud HaAvoda
paving roads from Tiberias to Tzemah and to Tabgha
. He was a prominent member in the first collective of Hashomer Hatzair in Bitania, and was among the founders of the Histadrut
. Since 1924 he served as Secretary of the world Hashomer Hatzair
.
In 1927 he founded Kibbutz Artzi, was elected its secretary and took part in drafting its principles. In 1929 he was among the founders of kibbutz Merhavia
, where he lived until he died.
In 1948 he co-founded Mapam
as its leader, and functioned as its general secretary until 1973. He was a Mapam MK in the first through seventh Knesset
s, from 1949 to 1973. In the first Knesset he was member of the Knesset committee, and in the fifth through seventh Knessets he was member of Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee
.
His movement co-leader and almost equal was Yaakov Hazan
. For many years they led Hashomer Hatzair and Mapam together. Despite holding the top two positions in Mapam’s list, they made a joint decision not to become ministers but rather occupy themselves in the movement’s ideological and educational activities.
He died in 1987. His grandson, Yedidya Ya'ari, is a retired IDF
General.
and Marxism
.
He protested David Ben-Gurion
's activism and Mapai
's moderate socialism. He regarded highly the achievements of Revolutionary Socialism
in the Soviet Union
, although he criticized its attitude towards Zionism. In the 1940s he opposed the Biltmore Program
and supported the one-state solution
.
During Israel's early years, he objected his party’s coalition membership and was an outspoken critic of the government’s western orientation, the nationality conception, the Reparations Agreement and the martial law. At first, he supported the Soviet Union and tried, along with Moshe Sneh
, to introduce Hashomer Hatzair’s idea in Mapam. The exposure of Stalin's
wrongdoings caused a schism in the Marxist orientation, resulting in the expulsion of Moshe Snehs men from the party in 1953. Gradually, admiration of the Soviet Union lessened and inclination to cooperate with Mapai increased, and in 1955 Mapam indeed joined Mapai in the coalition. After the Six-Day War
he expressed a relatively hawkish stand by opposing immediate withdrawal from the occupied territories
. In 1969 he supported Mapam's alliance with Mapai as part of the Alignment
(In 1984, he would support staying in the Alignment until the formation of the national unity government in 1984).
(Not only his grandson, but his son, Aviezer (Avik), was (also) an Israeli Army General.
Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair is a Socialist–Zionist youth movement founded in 1913 in Galicia, Austria-Hungary, and was also the name of the group's political party in the Yishuv in the pre-1948 British Mandate of Palestine...
, Kibbutz Artzi and Mapam
Mapam
Mapam was a political party in Israel and is one of the ancestors of the modern-day Meretz party.-History:Mapam was formed by a January 1948 merger of the Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party and Ahdut HaAvoda Poale Zion Movement. The party was originally Marxist-Zionist in its outlook and represented...
, and a member of the Knesset
Knesset
The Knesset is the unicameral legislature of Israel, located in Givat Ram, Jerusalem.-Role in Israeli Government :The legislative branch of the Israeli government, the Knesset passes all laws, elects the President and Prime Minister , approves the cabinet, and supervises the work of the government...
.
Life
Ya'ari was born in Galicia in 1897. At the break of World War IWorld War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
his family moved to Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
. At the age of 17 he volunteered to the Austrian Army and served as an officer until the end of the war. He studied at the Agricultural Academy and at the University of Vienna
University of Vienna
The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world...
. In 1919 he co-founded and co-led the Viennese Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair is a Socialist–Zionist youth movement founded in 1913 in Galicia, Austria-Hungary, and was also the name of the group's political party in the Yishuv in the pre-1948 British Mandate of Palestine...
. In 1920 he made aliyah
Aliyah
Aliyah is the immigration of Jews to the Land of Israel . It is a basic tenet of Zionist ideology. The opposite action, emigration from Israel, is referred to as yerida . The return to the Holy Land has been a Jewish aspiration since the Babylonian exile...
to Israel. He worked at Kinneret
Kinneret
Kinneret or Kineret may refer to:* Sea of Galilee, Israel's largest freshwater lake** Kinneret, Israel, village southwest of the lake** Kvutzat Kinneret, kibbutz southwest of the lake** Kinneret College, college south of the lake...
and Gdud HaAvoda
Gdud HaAvoda
G'dud HaʿAvodah VeHaHaganah ʿAl-Shem Yosef Trumpeldor , commonly known as Gdud HaAvoda, was a socialist Zionist work group in Mandate Palestine.The group was established on 8 August 1920, with the three focuses of work, settlement and defence...
paving roads from Tiberias to Tzemah and to Tabgha
Tabgha
Tabgha is an area situated on the north-western shore of the Sea of Galilee in Israel. It is the traditional site of the miracle of the multiplication of the loaves and fishes and the fourth resurrection appearance of Jesus in Christianity. Until 1948, it was the site of an Arab village.The...
. He was a prominent member in the first collective of Hashomer Hatzair in Bitania, and was among the founders of the Histadrut
Histadrut
HaHistadrut HaKlalit shel HaOvdim B'Eretz Yisrael , known as the Histadrut, is Israel's organization of trade unions. Established in December 1920 during the British Mandate for Palestine, it became one of the most powerful institutions of the State of Israel.-History:The Histadrut was founded in...
. Since 1924 he served as Secretary of the world Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair is a Socialist–Zionist youth movement founded in 1913 in Galicia, Austria-Hungary, and was also the name of the group's political party in the Yishuv in the pre-1948 British Mandate of Palestine...
.
In 1927 he founded Kibbutz Artzi, was elected its secretary and took part in drafting its principles. In 1929 he was among the founders of kibbutz Merhavia
Merhavia (kibbutz)
-External links:*...
, where he lived until he died.
In 1948 he co-founded Mapam
Mapam
Mapam was a political party in Israel and is one of the ancestors of the modern-day Meretz party.-History:Mapam was formed by a January 1948 merger of the Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party and Ahdut HaAvoda Poale Zion Movement. The party was originally Marxist-Zionist in its outlook and represented...
as its leader, and functioned as its general secretary until 1973. He was a Mapam MK in the first through seventh Knesset
Knesset
The Knesset is the unicameral legislature of Israel, located in Givat Ram, Jerusalem.-Role in Israeli Government :The legislative branch of the Israeli government, the Knesset passes all laws, elects the President and Prime Minister , approves the cabinet, and supervises the work of the government...
s, from 1949 to 1973. In the first Knesset he was member of the Knesset committee, and in the fifth through seventh Knessets he was member of Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee
Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee
The Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee is a permanent Knesset committee which oversees key Foreign and Defense areas, including the drafting of legislation, supervision over related government ministries and the approval of their budgests...
.
His movement co-leader and almost equal was Yaakov Hazan
Yaakov Hazan
-Biography:Hazan was born in 1899 in Brest-Litovsk in the Russian Empire to parents Haim Yehuda H. and Malka Kaminetzki. He studied in a Heder and a Hebrew high school. In 1915, he was among the founders of the "Hebrew Scouts movement" in Poland , where he was also one of first members of...
. For many years they led Hashomer Hatzair and Mapam together. Despite holding the top two positions in Mapam’s list, they made a joint decision not to become ministers but rather occupy themselves in the movement’s ideological and educational activities.
He died in 1987. His grandson, Yedidya Ya'ari, is a retired IDF
Israel Defense Forces
The Israel Defense Forces , commonly known in Israel by the Hebrew acronym Tzahal , are the military forces of the State of Israel. They consist of the ground forces, air force and navy. It is the sole military wing of the Israeli security forces, and has no civilian jurisdiction within Israel...
General.
Views
As leader and ideologist of Hashomer Hatzair, he sought to turn it from a scout-like youth movement promoting abstract socialist-humanist ideas to a political settlement movement that integrates ZionismZionism
Zionism is a Jewish political movement that, in its broadest sense, has supported the self-determination of the Jewish people in a sovereign Jewish national homeland. Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Zionist movement continues primarily to advocate on behalf of the Jewish state...
and Marxism
Marxism
Marxism is an economic and sociopolitical worldview and method of socioeconomic inquiry that centers upon a materialist interpretation of history, a dialectical view of social change, and an analysis and critique of the development of capitalism. Marxism was pioneered in the early to mid 19th...
.
He protested David Ben-Gurion
David Ben-Gurion
' was the first Prime Minister of Israel.Ben-Gurion's passion for Zionism, which began early in life, led him to become a major Zionist leader and Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization in 1946...
's activism and Mapai
Mapai
Mapai was a left-wing political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger into the Israeli Labor Party in 1968...
's moderate socialism. He regarded highly the achievements of Revolutionary Socialism
Revolutionary socialism
The term revolutionary socialism refers to Socialist tendencies that advocate the need for fundamental social change through revolution by mass movements of the working class, as a strategy to achieve a socialist society...
in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, although he criticized its attitude towards Zionism. In the 1940s he opposed the Biltmore Program
Biltmore Conference
The Biltmore Conference, also known by its resolution as the Biltmore Program, was a fundamental departure from traditional Zionist policy with its demand "that Palestine be established as a Jewish Commonwealth." The meeting was held in New York City at the prestigious Biltmore Hotel from May 6...
and supported the one-state solution
Binational solution
The one-state solution and the similar binational solution are proposed approaches to resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Proponents of a binational solution to the conflict advocate either a single state in Israel, the West Bank and Gaza Strip, or a single state in Israel and the West...
.
During Israel's early years, he objected his party’s coalition membership and was an outspoken critic of the government’s western orientation, the nationality conception, the Reparations Agreement and the martial law. At first, he supported the Soviet Union and tried, along with Moshe Sneh
Moshe Sneh
Moshe Sneh was an Israeli politician and military figure. One of the founders of Mapam, he later joined the Israeli Communist Party , and was one of the leaders of a more pro-Israeli split in 1965.-Biography:...
, to introduce Hashomer Hatzair’s idea in Mapam. The exposure of Stalin's
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
wrongdoings caused a schism in the Marxist orientation, resulting in the expulsion of Moshe Snehs men from the party in 1953. Gradually, admiration of the Soviet Union lessened and inclination to cooperate with Mapai increased, and in 1955 Mapam indeed joined Mapai in the coalition. After the Six-Day War
Six-Day War
The Six-Day War , also known as the June War, 1967 Arab-Israeli War, or Third Arab-Israeli War, was fought between June 5 and 10, 1967, by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt , Jordan, and Syria...
he expressed a relatively hawkish stand by opposing immediate withdrawal from the occupied territories
Israeli-occupied territories
The Israeli-occupied territories are the territories which have been designated as occupied territory by the United Nations and other international organizations, governments and others to refer to the territory seized by Israel during the Six-Day War of 1967 from Egypt, Jordan, and Syria...
. In 1969 he supported Mapam's alliance with Mapai as part of the Alignment
Alignment (political party)
The Alignment was an alliance of the major left-wing parties in Israel between the 1960s and 1990s. It was established in 1965 as an alliance of Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda but was dissolved three years later when the two parties and Rafi formally merged into the Israeli Labor Party...
(In 1984, he would support staying in the Alignment until the formation of the national unity government in 1984).
(Not only his grandson, but his son, Aviezer (Avik), was (also) an Israeli Army General.
External links
- The Birth of Hashomer Hatzair Jewish Gen