Maxillarieae
Encyclopedia
Maxillarieae is a large and complex tribe
of orchids
native to South and Central America. Within the tribe there are eight subtribes one of which is that of the genus Maxillaria
.
Tribe Maxillarieae contains 70 to 80 genera with about 1,000 species; most grow in tropical America as terrestrials or epiphyte
s, a few are myco-heterotrophs (formerly called saprophytes). Most show pseudobulb
s, but a few have reedlike stems or thick underground stems. Blooms have four pollinia
.
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.Some examples include the tribes: Canini, Acalypheae, Hominini, Bombini, and Antidesmeae.-See also:* Biological classification* Rank...
of orchids
Orchidaceae
The Orchidaceae, commonly referred to as the orchid family, is a morphologically diverse and widespread family of monocots in the order Asparagales. Along with the Asteraceae, it is one of the two largest families of flowering plants, with between 21,950 and 26,049 currently accepted species,...
native to South and Central America. Within the tribe there are eight subtribes one of which is that of the genus Maxillaria
Maxillaria
Maxillaria, abbreviated as Max in horticultural trade, is a large genus of orchids . This is a diverse genus, with very different morphological forms. Their characteristics can vary widely....
.
Tribe Maxillarieae contains 70 to 80 genera with about 1,000 species; most grow in tropical America as terrestrials or epiphyte
Epiphyte
An epiphyte is a plant that grows upon another plant non-parasitically or sometimes upon some other object , derives its moisture and nutrients from the air and rain and sometimes from debris accumulating around it, and is found in the temperate zone and in the...
s, a few are myco-heterotrophs (formerly called saprophytes). Most show pseudobulb
Pseudobulb
The pseudobulb is a storage organ derived from the part of a stem between two leaf nodes.It applies to the orchid family , specifically certain groups of epiphytic orchids, and may be single or composed of several internodes with evergreen or deciduous leaves along its length.In some species, it is...
s, but a few have reedlike stems or thick underground stems. Blooms have four pollinia
Pollinium
Pollinium, or plural pollinia, is a coherent mass of pollen grains in a plant.They are the product of only one anther, but are transferred, during pollination, as a single unit. This is regularly seen in plants such as orchids and many species of milkweeds .Most orchids have waxy pollinia...
.
- Subtribe Corallorhizinae: all epiparasites.
- Genera: Aplectrum, CorallorrhizaCorallorrhizaCorallorhiza, the coralroot orchids, is a genus of flowers in the orchid family. Most species are leafless, relying entirely upon symbiotic fungi within their coral-shaped roots for sustenance...
- Genera: Aplectrum, Corallorrhiza
- Subtribe Zygopetalinae: about 150 species. Most exhibited hybrids are to be found in this subtribe.
- Alliance Warrea
- Genera: OtostylisOtostylisOtostylis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, WarreaWarreaWarrea is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
- Genera: Otostylis
- Alliance Zygopetalum
- Genera: Acacallis, AganisiaAganisiaAganisia Lindl. 1839, is a small South American genus in the orchid family , subfamily Epidendroideae.The genus was named after the Greek word ‘agnos’ , perhaps referring to the sweet scent of its flowers....
, BatemanniaBatemanniaBatemannia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, BolleaBolleaBollea is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, CheiradeniaCheiradeniaCheiradenia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, ChondrorhynchaChondrorhynchaChondrorhyncha is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, CochleanthesCochleanthesThe genus Cochleanthes is made up of fifteen species of orchids which originate from South America. The name Cochleanthes refers to the shape of the flower ....
, Colax, PabstiaPabstiaPabstia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, PromenaeaPromenaeaPromenaea is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.These plants are miniature and are found in many regions such as Chile. They like light that is less than Cattleya, but more than Phalaenopsis.- References :...
, ZygopetalumZygopetalumZygopetalum , is a genus of the orchid family , consisting of fourteen species....
- Genera: Acacallis, Aganisia
- Alliance Bollea
- Genera: BolleaBolleaBollea is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, ChondrorhynchaChondrorhynchaChondrorhyncha is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, CochleanthesCochleanthesThe genus Cochleanthes is made up of fifteen species of orchids which originate from South America. The name Cochleanthes refers to the shape of the flower ....
, HuntleyaHuntleyaHuntleya is a small orchid genus that includes fourteen speciesThese are epiphytic, pseudobulbless and often larger plants with subplicates leaves nearing forty centimeters long, erect and single-flowered. They occur in wet cloud forests at medium altitudes of Guatemala, Costa Rica, South America...
, KefersteiniaKefersteiniaKefersteinia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, PescatoriaPescatoriaPescatoria is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, SteniaSteniaStenia is a small genus from the orchid family . It was established by John Lindley in 1837. This epiphytic plants occur in warm, humid habitats of Trinidad and the Amazonian slope of the northern Andean region in South America....
- Genera: Bollea
- Alliance Vargasiella
- Genera: VargasiellaVargasiellaVargasiella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
- Genera: Vargasiella
- Unallied Genera within Zygopetalinae
- Genera: BenzingiaBenzingiaBenzingia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, ChaubardiaChaubardiaChaubardia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, ChaubardiellaChaubardiellaChaubardiella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, Dodsonia, GaleottiaGaleottiaGaleottia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, HoehneellaHoehneellaHoehneella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, KoellensteiniaKoellensteiniaKoellensteinia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is named after the Austrian botanist Kellner v. Koellenstein.- References :...
, NeogardneriaNeogardneriaNeogardneria is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, ParadisanthusParadisanthusParadisanthus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, Scuticaria, WarreellaWarreellaWarreella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, WarreopsisWarreopsisWarreopsis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, ZygosepalumZygosepalumZygosepalum is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
- Genera: Benzingia
- Alliance Hybrids (Nothogenerics)
- Genera: Aitkenara, Bateostylis, Bollopetalum, Chondrobollea, Cochella, Cochlecaste, Cochlenia, Downsara, Durutyara, Hamelwellsara, Huntleanthes, Kanzerara, Keferanthes, Lancebirkara, Otocolax, Otonisia, Palmerara, Rotorara, Zygocaste, Zygolum, Zygonisia, Zygostylis
- Alliance Warrea
- Subtribe Bifrenariinae: thin and pleated leaves.
- Genera: BifrenariaBifrenariaBifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America...
, XylobiumXylobiumXylobium, abbreviated Xyl in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains about 31 species native to tropical America....
- Genera: Bifrenaria
- Subtribe Lycastinae: thin and pleated leaves.
- Genera: AnguloaAnguloaAnguloa, commonly known as tulip orchids, is a small orchid genus closely related to Lycaste. Its abbreviation in horticulture is Ang. This genus was described by José Antonio Pavón and Hipólito Ruiz López in 1798...
, BifrenariaBifrenariaBifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America...
, LycasteLycasteLycaste, abbreviated as Lyc in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids that contains about 30 species with egg-shaped pseudobulbs and thin, plicate leaves.- Description :...
, NeomooreaNeomooreaNeomoorea is a genus of orchids native to Panama and northern Colombia....
, RudolfiellaRudolfiellaRudolfiella, abbreviated as Rud. in the horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids comprising eight species native to tropical South America and Panama....
, TeuscheriaTeuscheriaTeuscheria is a genus of orchids comprising eight species native to Central America and South America. The genus is named for Henry Teuscher, an award-winning landscape artist and horticulturalist....
, XylobiumXylobiumXylobium, abbreviated Xyl in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains about 31 species native to tropical America....
- Genera: Anguloa
- Subtribe StanhopeinaeStanhopeinaeStanhopeinae is a subtribe of plants in the Orchid family.The subtribe in the strict sense, have viscidia and stipes that are thin and strap-like, they are adapted for attachment to edge of the bee's scutellum or to a leg. Pseudobulbs are usually ribbed/four-angled or flattened. Leaves are...
:- Genera: AcinetaAcinetaAcineta, abbreviated as Acn in horticultural trade, is a small genus belonging to the orchid family . The name is derived from the Greek word 'akinetos' , referring to the rigid labellum ....
, Archivea, BraemiaBraemiaBraemia vittata is a species of orchid and the only species of genus Braemia. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guyana....
, CirrhaeaCirrhaeaCirrhaea is a genus of orchid, comprising 7 species endemic to Brazil.-List of species:* Cirrhaea dependens Loudon * Cirrhaea fuscolutea Lindl. * Cirrhaea loddigesii Lindl....
, CoryanthesCoryanthesCoryanthes, commonly known as Bucket Orchids, is a genus of tropical epiphytic orchids. This genus is abbreviated as Crths in horticultural trade....
, EmbreeaEmbreeaEmbreea rodigasiana is a species of orchid and the only species of genus Embreea. It is endemic to western Colombia and southeastern Ecuador. The genus Embreea is abbreviated as Emb in horticultural trade....
, GongoraGongoraGongora, abbreviated Gga in horticultural trade, is a member of the Orchid family . It consists of 65 species known from Central America, Trinidad, and tropical South America, with most species found in Colombia...
, HorichiaHorichiaHorichia dressleri is a species of orchid and the only species of the monospecific genus Horichia. It is endemic to Panama....
, HoulletiaHoulletiaHoulletia is a genus of large-growing epiphytic orchids native to Mexico, and possibly also Guatemala through Central America to Bolivia. was established with the publication by Brogniartt of Houlletia brocklehurstiana in 1841. The genus is named in honor of orchid collector and grower M...
, JennyellaJennyellaJennyella The genus was published in 1999 by E. Luckel & H. Fessel separating four species previously grouped in Houlletia. The genus is named in honor of Rudolf Jenny, noted researcher and author on orchids....
, KegeliellaKegeliellaKegeliella is a genus of orchids comprising four species distributed from Nicaragua to Venezuela....
, LacaenaLacaenaLacaena is a genus of orchids comprising six species and varieties native to Central America....
, LueddemanniaLueddemanniaLueddemannia is a genus of orchids comprising six species found from Venezuela to Peru....
, PaphiniaPaphiniaPaphinia, abbreviated in horticultural trade Pna, is a genus of orchids, composed of an estimated 16 species from Guatemala south through northern South America. These species are medium-sized epiphytes with small ovoid pseudobulbs and 2 or more leaves. The generic name comes from Greek "Paphia",...
, PolycycnisPolycycnisPolycycnis, abbreviated in horticultural trade as Pcn, is a genus of orchid, comprising 7 species found in Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia, Guyana, and Peru....
, SchlimmiaSchlimmiaSchlimmia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, SievekingiaSievekingiaSievekingia is a genus of orchid, comprising 20 species found in tropical America....
, SoterosanthusSoterosanthusSoterosanthus shepheardii is a species of orchidn endemic to Ecuador and Colombia, and the only one of the monospecific genus Soterosanthus. This species segregated from Sievekingia because of its upright inflorescence. Flowers are somewhat similar to Sievekingia as is the plant stature, being on...
, StanhopeaStanhopeaStanhopea is a genus of the orchid family from Central and South America. The abbreviation used in horticultural trade is Stan. The genus is named for the 4th Earl of Stanhope , president of the Medico-Botanical Society of London...
, TrevoriaTrevoriaTrevoria is a genus of orchids. It was described by FC Lehmann in 1897 with a black and white picture of Trevoria chloris....
, VasqueziellaVasqueziellaVasqueziella is a genus of orchids, comprising two species native to Peru....
- Genera: Acineta
- Subtribe CoeliopsidinaeCoeliopsidinaeCoeliopsidinae is a subtribe of plants in the Orchid family. The three members of this subtribe have traditionally been lumped in with Stanhopeinae, but obvious morphological traits and new molecular analysis by Whitten et al...
:- Genera: CoeliopsisCoeliopsisCoeliopsis hyacinthosma is a species of orchids and the only species of genus Coeliopsis. It is native to Costa Rica and Panama....
, LycomormiumLycomormiumLycomormium is a genus of orchids, with 8 species found in Central America and South America....
, PeristeriaPeristeriaPeristeria may refer to:* Peristeria , a genus of orchids* Peristeria, Drama, a village in the Drama Prefecture, Greece* Peristeria , one of the volcanoes of the Santorini complex...
- Genera: Coeliopsis
- Subtribe Maxillariinae: largest subtribe with nearly half of the tribe species. The leathery leaves are conduplicate, i.e. folded together lengthwise.
- Genera: ChrysocycnisChrysocycnisChrysocycnis is a genus of orchids comprising three species native to South America.-List of species:...
, CyrtidiumCyrtidiumCyrtidium is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown . Also, the placement of this genus within the Dothideomycetes is uncertain...
, MaxillariaMaxillariaMaxillaria, abbreviated as Max in horticultural trade, is a large genus of orchids . This is a diverse genus, with very different morphological forms. Their characteristics can vary widely....
, MormolycaMormolycaMormolyca, abbreviated as Mlca in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids comprising nine species native to Central America and northern South America....
, PityphyllumPityphyllumPityphyllum is a genus of orchids comprising five species native to Ecuador and Colombia....
, Scuticaria (orchid)Scuticaria (orchid)Scuticaria is a genus of orchids comprising 9 species native to Belize, Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. Members of this genus have showy flowers and long cylindrical leaves...
, Sepalosaccus, TrigonidiumTrigonidiumTrigonidium, abbreviated as Trgdm in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids comprising more than twenty species found from Mexico to Brazil....
- Genera: Chrysocycnis
- Subtribe Dichaeinae
- Genera: DichaeaDichaeaDichaea is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains about 100 species native to tropical America....
- Genera: Dichaea
- Subtribe Telipogoninae
- Genera: TelipogonTelipogonTelipogon is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
, TrichocerosTrichocerosTrichoceros is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
- Genera: Telipogon
- Subtribe Ornithocephalinae
- Genera: OrnithocephalusOrnithocephalusThe name Ornithocephalus may refer either to* a genus of orchid or* an obsolete name once applied to pterosaur specimens now classified as Pterodactylus and Rhamphorhynchus....
, ZygostatesZygostatesZygostates is a genus of orchids found in central to southern Brazil. The word is from the Greek zygostates and refers to the projections from the base of the column which resemble a balance....
- Genera: Ornithocephalus