Stanhopeinae
Encyclopedia
Stanhopeinae is a subtribe of plants in the Orchid family.
The subtribe in the strict sense, have viscidia and stipes that are thin and strap-like, they are adapted for attachment to edge of the bee's scutellum or to a leg. Pseudobulbs are usually ribbed/four-angled or flattened. Leaves are generally thicker than Coeliopsidinae
. Roots are smooth, without prominent root hairs. The column foot is lacking or not distinct. Unpollinated flowers quickly abscise and fall from the inflorescence, unlike members of Coeliopsidinae which include Coeliopsis
, Lycomormium
& Peristeria
. Stanhopeinae and Coeliopsidinae
are now considered closely related sister subtribes.
Within Stanhopeinae the members can be further grouped in six clades based on morphological traits and molecular analysis.
The genus Archivea is only known by a watercolor painting by T. Duncanson in the herbarium archives of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. No pressed specmins or living material is known, so it can not be grouped into a specific clade.
All species in this subtribe are exclusively pollinated by male euglossine
bee
s, which are attracted to the floral fragrances, and collect them. One orchid species may attract only one or a few species of bees from dozens of species in the habitat.
The subtribe in the strict sense, have viscidia and stipes that are thin and strap-like, they are adapted for attachment to edge of the bee's scutellum or to a leg. Pseudobulbs are usually ribbed/four-angled or flattened. Leaves are generally thicker than Coeliopsidinae
Coeliopsidinae
Coeliopsidinae is a subtribe of plants in the Orchid family. The three members of this subtribe have traditionally been lumped in with Stanhopeinae, but obvious morphological traits and new molecular analysis by Whitten et al...
. Roots are smooth, without prominent root hairs. The column foot is lacking or not distinct. Unpollinated flowers quickly abscise and fall from the inflorescence, unlike members of Coeliopsidinae which include Coeliopsis
Coeliopsis
Coeliopsis hyacinthosma is a species of orchids and the only species of genus Coeliopsis. It is native to Costa Rica and Panama....
, Lycomormium
Lycomormium
Lycomormium is a genus of orchids, with 8 species found in Central America and South America....
& Peristeria
Peristeria (orchid)
Peristeria is a genus of plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae commonly called Dove Orchid or Holy Ghost Orchid. In line with the common name, the genus' name is from the Greek word peristerion meaning "from dove"...
. Stanhopeinae and Coeliopsidinae
Coeliopsidinae
Coeliopsidinae is a subtribe of plants in the Orchid family. The three members of this subtribe have traditionally been lumped in with Stanhopeinae, but obvious morphological traits and new molecular analysis by Whitten et al...
are now considered closely related sister subtribes.
Within Stanhopeinae the members can be further grouped in six clades based on morphological traits and molecular analysis.
- Braemia Clade: BraemiaBraemiaBraemia vittata is a species of orchid and the only species of genus Braemia. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guyana....
- Gongora Clade: CirrhaeaCirrhaeaCirrhaea is a genus of orchid, comprising 7 species endemic to Brazil.-List of species:* Cirrhaea dependens Loudon * Cirrhaea fuscolutea Lindl. * Cirrhaea loddigesii Lindl....
& GongoraGongoraGongora, abbreviated Gga in horticultural trade, is a member of the Orchid family . It consists of 65 species known from Central America, Trinidad, and tropical South America, with most species found in Colombia... - Acineta Clade: AcinetaAcinetaAcineta, abbreviated as Acn in horticultural trade, is a small genus belonging to the orchid family . The name is derived from the Greek word 'akinetos' , referring to the rigid labellum ....
, LacaenaLacaenaLacaena is a genus of orchids comprising six species and varieties native to Central America....
, Luddemannia & VasqueziellaVasqueziellaVasqueziella is a genus of orchids, comprising two species native to Peru.... - Polycycnis Clade: KegeliellaKegeliellaKegeliella is a genus of orchids comprising four species distributed from Nicaragua to Venezuela....
, PolycycnisPolycycnisPolycycnis, abbreviated in horticultural trade as Pcn, is a genus of orchid, comprising 7 species found in Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia, Guyana, and Peru....
& SoterosanthusSoterosanthusSoterosanthus shepheardii is a species of orchidn endemic to Ecuador and Colombia, and the only one of the monospecific genus Soterosanthus. This species segregated from Sievekingia because of its upright inflorescence. Flowers are somewhat similar to Sievekingia as is the plant stature, being on... - Stanhopea Clade: CoryanthesCoryanthesCoryanthes, commonly known as Bucket Orchids, is a genus of tropical epiphytic orchids. This genus is abbreviated as Crths in horticultural trade....
, EmbreeaEmbreeaEmbreea rodigasiana is a species of orchid and the only species of genus Embreea. It is endemic to western Colombia and southeastern Ecuador. The genus Embreea is abbreviated as Emb in horticultural trade....
, StanhopeaStanhopeaStanhopea is a genus of the orchid family from Central and South America. The abbreviation used in horticultural trade is Stan. The genus is named for the 4th Earl of Stanhope , president of the Medico-Botanical Society of London...
& SievekingiaSievekingiaSievekingia is a genus of orchid, comprising 20 species found in tropical America.... - Houlletia Clade: HorichiaHorichiaHorichia dressleri is a species of orchid and the only species of the monospecific genus Horichia. It is endemic to Panama....
, HoulletiaHoulletiaHoulletia is a genus of large-growing epiphytic orchids native to Mexico, and possibly also Guatemala through Central America to Bolivia. was established with the publication by Brogniartt of Houlletia brocklehurstiana in 1841. The genus is named in honor of orchid collector and grower M...
, JennyellaJennyellaJennyella The genus was published in 1999 by E. Luckel & H. Fessel separating four species previously grouped in Houlletia. The genus is named in honor of Rudolf Jenny, noted researcher and author on orchids....
, PaphiniaPaphiniaPaphinia, abbreviated in horticultural trade Pna, is a genus of orchids, composed of an estimated 16 species from Guatemala south through northern South America. These species are medium-sized epiphytes with small ovoid pseudobulbs and 2 or more leaves. The generic name comes from Greek "Paphia",...
, SchlimmiaSchlimmiaSchlimmia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
& TrevoriaTrevoriaTrevoria is a genus of orchids. It was described by FC Lehmann in 1897 with a black and white picture of Trevoria chloris....
The genus Archivea is only known by a watercolor painting by T. Duncanson in the herbarium archives of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. No pressed specmins or living material is known, so it can not be grouped into a specific clade.
All species in this subtribe are exclusively pollinated by male euglossine
Euglossini
Euglossine bees, also called orchid bees, are the only group of corbiculate bees whose non-parasitic members do not all possess eusocial behavior. Most of the species are solitary, though a few are communal, or exhibit simple forms of eusociality...
bee
Bee
Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, and are known for their role in pollination and for producing honey and beeswax. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea, presently classified by the unranked taxon name Anthophila...
s, which are attracted to the floral fragrances, and collect them. One orchid species may attract only one or a few species of bees from dozens of species in the habitat.
Genera
- AcinetaAcinetaAcineta, abbreviated as Acn in horticultural trade, is a small genus belonging to the orchid family . The name is derived from the Greek word 'akinetos' , referring to the rigid labellum ....
- Archivea
- BraemiaBraemiaBraemia vittata is a species of orchid and the only species of genus Braemia. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guyana....
- CirrhaeaCirrhaeaCirrhaea is a genus of orchid, comprising 7 species endemic to Brazil.-List of species:* Cirrhaea dependens Loudon * Cirrhaea fuscolutea Lindl. * Cirrhaea loddigesii Lindl....
- CoryanthesCoryanthesCoryanthes, commonly known as Bucket Orchids, is a genus of tropical epiphytic orchids. This genus is abbreviated as Crths in horticultural trade....
- EmbreeaEmbreeaEmbreea rodigasiana is a species of orchid and the only species of genus Embreea. It is endemic to western Colombia and southeastern Ecuador. The genus Embreea is abbreviated as Emb in horticultural trade....
- Endresiella: see Trevoria
- GongoraGongoraGongora, abbreviated Gga in horticultural trade, is a member of the Orchid family . It consists of 65 species known from Central America, Trinidad, and tropical South America, with most species found in Colombia...
- HorichiaHorichiaHorichia dressleri is a species of orchid and the only species of the monospecific genus Horichia. It is endemic to Panama....
- HoulletiaHoulletiaHoulletia is a genus of large-growing epiphytic orchids native to Mexico, and possibly also Guatemala through Central America to Bolivia. was established with the publication by Brogniartt of Houlletia brocklehurstiana in 1841. The genus is named in honor of orchid collector and grower M...
- JennyellaJennyellaJennyella The genus was published in 1999 by E. Luckel & H. Fessel separating four species previously grouped in Houlletia. The genus is named in honor of Rudolf Jenny, noted researcher and author on orchids....
- KegeliellaKegeliellaKegeliella is a genus of orchids comprising four species distributed from Nicaragua to Venezuela....
- LacaenaLacaenaLacaena is a genus of orchids comprising six species and varieties native to Central America....
- LueddemanniaLueddemanniaLueddemannia is a genus of orchids comprising six species found from Venezuela to Peru....
- PaphiniaPaphiniaPaphinia, abbreviated in horticultural trade Pna, is a genus of orchids, composed of an estimated 16 species from Guatemala south through northern South America. These species are medium-sized epiphytes with small ovoid pseudobulbs and 2 or more leaves. The generic name comes from Greek "Paphia",...
- Penislegia
- PolycycnisPolycycnisPolycycnis, abbreviated in horticultural trade as Pcn, is a genus of orchid, comprising 7 species found in Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia, Guyana, and Peru....
- SchlimmiaSchlimmiaSchlimmia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.- References :*Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. . Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press....
- SievekingiaSievekingiaSievekingia is a genus of orchid, comprising 20 species found in tropical America....
- SoterosanthusSoterosanthusSoterosanthus shepheardii is a species of orchidn endemic to Ecuador and Colombia, and the only one of the monospecific genus Soterosanthus. This species segregated from Sievekingia because of its upright inflorescence. Flowers are somewhat similar to Sievekingia as is the plant stature, being on...
- StanhopeaStanhopeaStanhopea is a genus of the orchid family from Central and South America. The abbreviation used in horticultural trade is Stan. The genus is named for the 4th Earl of Stanhope , president of the Medico-Botanical Society of London...
- Stanhopeastrum: see Stanhopea
- TrevoriaTrevoriaTrevoria is a genus of orchids. It was described by FC Lehmann in 1897 with a black and white picture of Trevoria chloris....
- VasqueziellaVasqueziellaVasqueziella is a genus of orchids, comprising two species native to Peru....