Mary Coyle Chase
Encyclopedia
Mary Coyle Chase was an American journalist
, playwright
and screenwriter
, known primarily for writing the Broadway play Harvey
, later adapted for film starring James Stewart
. She wrote fourteen plays, two children's novels, one screenplay, and worked seven years at the Rocky Mountain News
as a journalist.
in 1906, Chase remained in Denver her entire life. She grew up Irish, Catholic, and poor in the working class Baker neighborhood of Denver, not far from the railroad tracks. She was greatly influenced by the Irish myths related to her by her mother, Mary Coyle, and her four uncles, Timothy, James, John, and Peter. Charlie Coyle, her older brother, had a strong impact on her sense of comedy, as she imitated his natural gifts at mimicry, one-liners, and comic routines. He went on to become a circus clown. In 1921, she graduated from West High School
in Denver and spent two years studying at the University of Colorado at Boulder and the University of Denver without getting a degree.
, leaving the News (the Denver Times was folded into the News in 1926) in 1931 to write plays, do freelance reporting work, and raise a family. At the News, she started writing on the society pages, but soon became a feature writer, reporting the news from a sob sister, emotional angle, becoming part of the news itself as a comic figure, "our Lil' Mary", or writing funny, flapper era pieces as part of a series of "Charlie & Mary" stories (Charlie Wunder drew the cartoons and Mary wrote the text). In the 1920s, reporters typically worked in The Front Page
tradition: putting in long hours, drinking hard, and stopping at nothing to beat the competition to a story. Running around Denver with photographer Harry Rhoads in a Model T Ford, she recalled, "In the course of a day, Harry and I might begin at the Police Court, go to a murder trial at the West Side Court, cover a party in the evening at Mrs. Crawford Hill's mansion, and rush to a shooting at 11pm." She ended her journalistic career writing in the society pages where she had begun, perhaps as punishment for a practical joke that she played upon an unsuspecting editor.
After leaving the News, in the 1930s Mary worked as a freelance correspondent for the United Press and the International News Service. But her true love had always been the theater, so she began to write plays. In 1936, her first play, “Me Third”, was produced at the Baker Federal Theater in Denver as a part of the Roosevelt-era Works Progress Administration (WPA). In the spring of 1937, the play opened on Broadway, renamed as “Now You’ve Done It” but it failed to attract positive reviews and closed down after three weeks. In 1938, Mary wrote “Chi House”, which was made into a Hollywood film by RKO Pictures in 1939 called Sorority House
, starring Anne Shirley of “Anne of Green Gables” fame.
In the early 1940s, she had a series of government, volunteer, and union jobs, serving as the Information Director for the National Youth Administration in Denver, doing volunteer work for the Colorado Foundation for the Advancement of Spanish Speaking Peoples, and working as the publicity director for the Denver branch of the Teamsters Union.
During this time, she was working on the play “Harvey”, a play which was very difficult for her to write and which went through numerous revisions, taking her two years to finish. On November 1, 1944, it opened on Broadway and was a smash hit, running for four and a half years, 1,775 performances, from Nov. 1 1944-Jan. 15, 1949. In the history of Broadway productions, (which stretches back to 1750), "Harvey" became the 35th longest-running show (musicals and plays) and, if only plays are counted, the 6th longest-running play on Broadway, after Life With Father
, Tobacco Road
, Abie's Irish Rose
, Deathtrap
, and Gemini
. Frank Fay
and James Stewart were the most famous actors to portray Elwood P. Dowd. Josephine Hull
portrayed his increasingly concerned (and socially obsessed) sister on Broadway originally, and won a Best Supporting Actress Oscar in the film. Ruth McDevitt
, Marion Lorne
, Helen Hayes
, and Swoosie Kurtz
, among other actresses, also portrayed Veta either onstage or on television.
In 1945, she won the Pulitzer Prize in Drama for “Harvey”. She is the only Coloradan to have won the Pulitzer Prize in Drama, and, in a field dominated by men, was the 4th woman to win the award, after Zona Gale (1921), Susan Glaspell (1931), and Zoe Akins (1935). From 1917-2010, only 12 women have won the Pulitzer in Drama. Immediately after Harvey, Mary tried to repeat her success on Broadway with the Next Half Hour, a play based upon an autobiographical novel she had written called The Banshee. It failed after a three week run. In 1950, “Harvey” was made into a Universal film, starring James Stewart, with Mary collaborating with Oscar Brodney
in writing the screenplay. In 1952 and 1953, she launched Bernardine
and Mrs McThing on Broadway. Both plays were moderately successful. Bernardine
was made into a film, starring Pat Boone
and Janet Gaynor
(in Gaynor's last film role). In 1958 and 1968, she wrote two children’s stories, Loretta Mason Potts and The Wicked, Wicked Ladies in the Haunted House. A 1961 production of her play, Midgie Purvis, starring Tallulah Bankhead
, flopped. A 1970 Harvey revival, starring James Stewart
and Helen Hayes
, was successful and ran for 79 performances while a 1981 musical adaptation of Harvey, entitled Say Hello to Harvey, failed after a six week run amid negative reviews in Toronto.
. Bob was a seasoned, “hard news” reporter, having worked at the Denver Express since 1922, covering the robbery of the US Mint and fighting against the rise of the Ku Klux Klan
in Colorado state and local politics. The Express eventually merged with the Rocky Mountain News and Bob went on to a 47 year newspaper career at the paper, becoming managing editor and then associate editor. He was a founding member in 1936 (and named vice-president) of the Denver chapter of the American Newspaper Guild, a national labor union representing editors and reporters.
In 1932, their first son, Michael, was born, followed by Colin in 1935, and then Barry Jerome (Jerry) in 1937. Michael became the director of public television in New York, Colin was a professor of English Literature at the University of Toronto
, and Jerry worked as a college academic counselor in New York City, writing the play, Cinderella Wore Combat Boots.
While working on the musical adaptation, Say Hello to Harvey, in 1981, Mary Coyle Chase suffered a heart attack suddenly at her home in Denver and died at the age of 75.
announced that he was planning on doing a remake of "Harvey", reaching out to Tom Hanks
and Will Smith
to play Elwood Dowd. By December, he had abandoned the project, the leading reason being the difficulty of finding a star to play the lead role. Tom Hanks, regarded as a modern day Jimmy Stewart, was not interested in walking in the shoes of the beloved, iconic star. Robert Downey Jr was in the mix for several months, but he wanted changes done to the script and Spielberg decided to pull the plug, feeling that the two were not on the same creative wavelength. This was not the first attempt at a "Harvey" remake. In 2002, Dimension Films, a division of Miramax, and MGM tried to get a film going with John Travolta
playing the lead. This project ended in 2004, with Michael Eisner's expulsion of the Weinstein brothers from Miramax over the release of Fahrenheit 9/11 by Michael Moore
.
Journalist
A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.A reporter is a type of journalist who researchs, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media , electronic media , and digital media A...
, playwright
Playwright
A playwright, also called a dramatist, is a person who writes plays.The term is not a variant spelling of "playwrite", but something quite distinct: the word wright is an archaic English term for a craftsman or builder...
and screenwriter
Screenwriter
Screenwriters or scriptwriters or scenario writers are people who write/create the short or feature-length screenplays from which mass media such as films, television programs, Comics or video games are based.-Profession:...
, known primarily for writing the Broadway play Harvey
Harvey (play)
Harvey is a 1944 play by American playwright Mary Chase. Produced by Brock Pemberton and directed by Antoinette Perry, the play premiered on 1 November 1944 at the 48th Street Theatre on Broadway where it was staged for 1,775 performances before closing on January 15, 1949. The original production...
, later adapted for film starring James Stewart
James Stewart (actor)
James Maitland Stewart was an American film and stage actor, known for his distinctive voice and his everyman persona. Over the course of his career, he starred in many films widely considered classics and was nominated for five Academy Awards, winning one in competition and receiving one Lifetime...
. She wrote fourteen plays, two children's novels, one screenplay, and worked seven years at the Rocky Mountain News
Rocky Mountain News
The Rocky Mountain News was a daily newspaper published in Denver, Colorado, United States from April 23, 1859, until February 27, 2009. It was owned by the E. W. Scripps Company from 1926 until its closing. As of March 2006, the Monday-Friday circulation was 255,427...
as a journalist.
Early years
Born as Mary Agnes McDonough Coyle in Denver, ColoradoDenver, Colorado
The City and County of Denver is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains...
in 1906, Chase remained in Denver her entire life. She grew up Irish, Catholic, and poor in the working class Baker neighborhood of Denver, not far from the railroad tracks. She was greatly influenced by the Irish myths related to her by her mother, Mary Coyle, and her four uncles, Timothy, James, John, and Peter. Charlie Coyle, her older brother, had a strong impact on her sense of comedy, as she imitated his natural gifts at mimicry, one-liners, and comic routines. He went on to become a circus clown. In 1921, she graduated from West High School
West High School (Denver)
West High School is a high school located in Denver, Colorado. It is part of the Denver Public Schools System. West High School is located in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of the original section of West Denver.-Demographics:...
in Denver and spent two years studying at the University of Colorado at Boulder and the University of Denver without getting a degree.
Career
In 1924, she began her career as a journalist on the Denver Times and Rocky Mountain NewsRocky Mountain News
The Rocky Mountain News was a daily newspaper published in Denver, Colorado, United States from April 23, 1859, until February 27, 2009. It was owned by the E. W. Scripps Company from 1926 until its closing. As of March 2006, the Monday-Friday circulation was 255,427...
, leaving the News (the Denver Times was folded into the News in 1926) in 1931 to write plays, do freelance reporting work, and raise a family. At the News, she started writing on the society pages, but soon became a feature writer, reporting the news from a sob sister, emotional angle, becoming part of the news itself as a comic figure, "our Lil' Mary", or writing funny, flapper era pieces as part of a series of "Charlie & Mary" stories (Charlie Wunder drew the cartoons and Mary wrote the text). In the 1920s, reporters typically worked in The Front Page
The Front Page
The Front Page is a hit Broadway comedy about tabloid newspaper reporters on the police beat, written by one-time Chicago reporters Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur which was first produced in 1928.-Synopsis:...
tradition: putting in long hours, drinking hard, and stopping at nothing to beat the competition to a story. Running around Denver with photographer Harry Rhoads in a Model T Ford, she recalled, "In the course of a day, Harry and I might begin at the Police Court, go to a murder trial at the West Side Court, cover a party in the evening at Mrs. Crawford Hill's mansion, and rush to a shooting at 11pm." She ended her journalistic career writing in the society pages where she had begun, perhaps as punishment for a practical joke that she played upon an unsuspecting editor.
After leaving the News, in the 1930s Mary worked as a freelance correspondent for the United Press and the International News Service. But her true love had always been the theater, so she began to write plays. In 1936, her first play, “Me Third”, was produced at the Baker Federal Theater in Denver as a part of the Roosevelt-era Works Progress Administration (WPA). In the spring of 1937, the play opened on Broadway, renamed as “Now You’ve Done It” but it failed to attract positive reviews and closed down after three weeks. In 1938, Mary wrote “Chi House”, which was made into a Hollywood film by RKO Pictures in 1939 called Sorority House
Sorority House (1939 film)
Sorority House is a 1939 drama film starring Anne Shirley. The film was directed by John Farrow and based upon the Mary Coyle Chase play named Chi House.-Plot:...
, starring Anne Shirley of “Anne of Green Gables” fame.
In the early 1940s, she had a series of government, volunteer, and union jobs, serving as the Information Director for the National Youth Administration in Denver, doing volunteer work for the Colorado Foundation for the Advancement of Spanish Speaking Peoples, and working as the publicity director for the Denver branch of the Teamsters Union.
During this time, she was working on the play “Harvey”, a play which was very difficult for her to write and which went through numerous revisions, taking her two years to finish. On November 1, 1944, it opened on Broadway and was a smash hit, running for four and a half years, 1,775 performances, from Nov. 1 1944-Jan. 15, 1949. In the history of Broadway productions, (which stretches back to 1750), "Harvey" became the 35th longest-running show (musicals and plays) and, if only plays are counted, the 6th longest-running play on Broadway, after Life With Father
Life with Father
Life with Father is the title of a humorous autobiographical book of stories compiled in 1935 by Clarence Day, Jr., which was adapted in 1939 into a long-running Broadway play by Lindsay and Crouse, which was, in turn, made into a 1947 movie and a television series.-The book:Clarence Day wrote...
, Tobacco Road
Tobacco Road (play)
Tobacco Road is a play by Jack Kirkland first performed in 1933, based on the novel of the same name by Erskine Caldwell. The play ran on Broadway for a total of 3,182 performances, becoming the longest-running play in history at the time...
, Abie's Irish Rose
Abie's Irish Rose
Abie's Irish Rose is a popular comedy by Anne Nichols familiar from stage productions, films and radio programs. The basic premise involves an Irish Catholic girl and a young Jewish man who marry despite the objections of their families.-Theater and films:...
, Deathtrap
Deathtrap (play)
Deathtrap is a play by Ira Levin in 1978 which encompasses many plot twists and is essentially a play within a play. It is a play in two acts with one set and five characters. It holds the record for the longest running comedy-thriller on Broadway and was also nominated for the Tony Award for Best...
, and Gemini
Gemini (play)
Gemini is a play by Albert Innaurato.-Plot:Set in the backyard of a blue collar South Philadelphia neighborhood early in the summer of 1973, the comedy-drama focuses on the 21st birthday celebration of Harvard student Francis Geminiani...
. Frank Fay
Frank Fay (American actor)
Frank Fay was an American film and stage actor, emcee, comedian, best known as an actor for having played "Elwood P. Dowd" in the play Harvey by the American playwright Mary Coyle Chase on Broadway...
and James Stewart were the most famous actors to portray Elwood P. Dowd. Josephine Hull
Josephine Hull
Josephine Hull was an Academy Award winning American actress who also was a director of plays. She had a successful 50-year career on stage while taking some of her better known roles to film...
portrayed his increasingly concerned (and socially obsessed) sister on Broadway originally, and won a Best Supporting Actress Oscar in the film. Ruth McDevitt
Ruth McDevitt
Ruth McDevitt was an American stage, film, radio and television actress.-Career:She was born Ruth Thane Shoecraft in Coldwater, Michigan. After attending the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, she married Patrick McDevitt and decided to devote her time to her marriage. After her husband's death in...
, Marion Lorne
Marion Lorne
Marion Lorne MacDougall was an American actress. After a career in theatre in New York and London, Lorne made her first film in 1951, and for the remainder of her life, played small roles in films and television...
, Helen Hayes
Helen Hayes
Helen Hayes Brown was an American actress whose career spanned almost 70 years. She eventually garnered the nickname "First Lady of the American Theatre" and was one of twelve people who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award...
, and Swoosie Kurtz
Swoosie Kurtz
Swoosie Kurtz is an American actress. She began her career in theater during the 1970s and shortly thereafter began a career in television, garnering ten nominations and winning one Emmy Award. Her most famous television project was her role on the 1990s NBC drama Sisters...
, among other actresses, also portrayed Veta either onstage or on television.
In 1945, she won the Pulitzer Prize in Drama for “Harvey”. She is the only Coloradan to have won the Pulitzer Prize in Drama, and, in a field dominated by men, was the 4th woman to win the award, after Zona Gale (1921), Susan Glaspell (1931), and Zoe Akins (1935). From 1917-2010, only 12 women have won the Pulitzer in Drama. Immediately after Harvey, Mary tried to repeat her success on Broadway with the Next Half Hour, a play based upon an autobiographical novel she had written called The Banshee. It failed after a three week run. In 1950, “Harvey” was made into a Universal film, starring James Stewart, with Mary collaborating with Oscar Brodney
Oscar Brodney
Oscar Brodney was an American lawyer-turned-screenwriter. He was born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of an immigrant fisherman...
in writing the screenplay. In 1952 and 1953, she launched Bernardine
Bernardine (play)
Bernardine is a play by Mary Chase. It premiered at the Playhouse Theatre on Broadway on October 16, 1952. It closed on February 28, 1953 after 157 performances. Actors John Kerr and Johnny Stewart won Theatre World Awards for their performances in the production. The play was later adapted into a...
and Mrs McThing on Broadway. Both plays were moderately successful. Bernardine
Bernardine (film)
Bernardine is a 1957 film directed by Henry Levin and starring Pat Boone, Terry Moore, Dean Jagger, Dick Sargent, and Janet Gaynor. The 1952 play upon which the movie is based was written by Mary Coyle Chase, the Denver playwright who also wrote the smash hit Broadway play Harvey...
was made into a film, starring Pat Boone
Pat Boone
Charles Eugene "Pat" Boone is an American singer, actor and writer who has been a successful pop singer in the United States during the 1950s and early 1960s. He covered black artists' songs and sold more copies than his black counterparts...
and Janet Gaynor
Janet Gaynor
Janet Gaynor was an American actress and painter.One of the most popular actresses of the silent film era, in 1928 Gaynor became the first winner of the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performances in three films: Seventh Heaven , Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans and Street Angel...
(in Gaynor's last film role). In 1958 and 1968, she wrote two children’s stories, Loretta Mason Potts and The Wicked, Wicked Ladies in the Haunted House. A 1961 production of her play, Midgie Purvis, starring Tallulah Bankhead
Tallulah Bankhead
Tallulah Brockman Bankhead was an award-winning American actress of the stage and screen, talk-show host, and bonne vivante...
, flopped. A 1970 Harvey revival, starring James Stewart
James Stewart (actor)
James Maitland Stewart was an American film and stage actor, known for his distinctive voice and his everyman persona. Over the course of his career, he starred in many films widely considered classics and was nominated for five Academy Awards, winning one in competition and receiving one Lifetime...
and Helen Hayes
Helen Hayes
Helen Hayes Brown was an American actress whose career spanned almost 70 years. She eventually garnered the nickname "First Lady of the American Theatre" and was one of twelve people who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award...
, was successful and ran for 79 performances while a 1981 musical adaptation of Harvey, entitled Say Hello to Harvey, failed after a six week run amid negative reviews in Toronto.
Personal life
In 1928, Mary married Robert L. Chase, a fellow reporter at the Rocky Mountain NewsRocky Mountain News
The Rocky Mountain News was a daily newspaper published in Denver, Colorado, United States from April 23, 1859, until February 27, 2009. It was owned by the E. W. Scripps Company from 1926 until its closing. As of March 2006, the Monday-Friday circulation was 255,427...
. Bob was a seasoned, “hard news” reporter, having worked at the Denver Express since 1922, covering the robbery of the US Mint and fighting against the rise of the Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated KKK and informally known as the Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present far-right organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically...
in Colorado state and local politics. The Express eventually merged with the Rocky Mountain News and Bob went on to a 47 year newspaper career at the paper, becoming managing editor and then associate editor. He was a founding member in 1936 (and named vice-president) of the Denver chapter of the American Newspaper Guild, a national labor union representing editors and reporters.
In 1932, their first son, Michael, was born, followed by Colin in 1935, and then Barry Jerome (Jerry) in 1937. Michael became the director of public television in New York, Colin was a professor of English Literature at the University of Toronto
University of Toronto
The University of Toronto is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution of higher learning in Upper Canada...
, and Jerry worked as a college academic counselor in New York City, writing the play, Cinderella Wore Combat Boots.
While working on the musical adaptation, Say Hello to Harvey, in 1981, Mary Coyle Chase suffered a heart attack suddenly at her home in Denver and died at the age of 75.
Recent events
In August, 2009, Steven SpielbergSteven Spielberg
Steven Allan Spielberg KBE is an American film director, screenwriter, producer, video game designer, and studio entrepreneur. In a career of more than four decades, Spielberg's films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films were seen as an...
announced that he was planning on doing a remake of "Harvey", reaching out to Tom Hanks
Tom Hanks
Thomas Jeffrey "Tom" Hanks is an American actor, producer, writer, and director. Hanks worked in television and family-friendly comedies, gaining wide notice in 1988's Big, before achieving success as a dramatic actor in several notable roles, including Andrew Beckett in Philadelphia, the title...
and Will Smith
Will Smith
Willard Christopher "Will" Smith, Jr. , also known by his stage name The Fresh Prince, is an American actor, producer, and rapper. He has enjoyed success in television, film and music. In April 2007, Newsweek called him the most powerful actor in Hollywood...
to play Elwood Dowd. By December, he had abandoned the project, the leading reason being the difficulty of finding a star to play the lead role. Tom Hanks, regarded as a modern day Jimmy Stewart, was not interested in walking in the shoes of the beloved, iconic star. Robert Downey Jr was in the mix for several months, but he wanted changes done to the script and Spielberg decided to pull the plug, feeling that the two were not on the same creative wavelength. This was not the first attempt at a "Harvey" remake. In 2002, Dimension Films, a division of Miramax, and MGM tried to get a film going with John Travolta
John Travolta
John Joseph Travolta is an American actor, dancer and singer. Travolta first became known in the 1970s, after appearing on the television series Welcome Back, Kotter and starring in the box office successes Saturday Night Fever and Grease...
playing the lead. This project ended in 2004, with Michael Eisner's expulsion of the Weinstein brothers from Miramax over the release of Fahrenheit 9/11 by Michael Moore
Michael Moore
Michael Francis Moore is an American filmmaker, author, social critic and activist. He is the director and producer of Fahrenheit 9/11, which is the highest-grossing documentary of all time. His films Bowling for Columbine and Sicko also place in the top ten highest-grossing documentaries...
.
Honors
- 1944: William McLeod Raine Award, Colorado Authors' League
- 1945: Pulitzer Prize in Drama
- 1947: Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of Denver
- 1960: Receives the Monte Meacham Award from the Children's Theater Conference of the AETA (American Educational Theater Association).
- 1985: Inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame, along with Golda MeirGolda MeirGolda Meir ; May 3, 1898 – December 8, 1978) was a teacher, kibbutznik and politician who became the fourth Prime Minister of the State of Israel....
, the "Unsinkable" Molly BrownMargaret BrownMargaret Brown was an American socialite, philanthropist, and activist who became famous due to her involvement with the 1912 sinking of the RMS Titanic, after exhorting the crew of lifeboat 6 to return to look for survivors. It is unclear whether any survivors were found after life boat 6...
, and Mamie EisenhowerMamie EisenhowerMamie Geneva Doud Eisenhower was the wife of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and First Lady of the United States from 1953 to 1961.-Early life:...
. - 1999: Inducted into the Colorado Performing Arts Hall of Fame alongside Douglas Fairbanks, Sr.Douglas FairbanksDouglas Fairbanks, Sr. was an American actor, screenwriter, director and producer. He was best known for his swashbuckling roles in silent films such as The Thief of Bagdad, Robin Hood, and The Mark of Zorro....
and Glenn MillerGlenn MillerAlton Glenn Miller was an American jazz musician , arranger, composer, and bandleader in the swing era. He was one of the best-selling recording artists from 1939 to 1943, leading one of the best known "Big Bands"...
.
Film adaptations
- Sorority HouseSorority House (1939 film)Sorority House is a 1939 drama film starring Anne Shirley. The film was directed by John Farrow and based upon the Mary Coyle Chase play named Chi House.-Plot:...
(1939) - HarveyHarvey (film)Harvey is a 1950 film based on Mary Chase's play of the same name, directed by Henry Koster, and starring James Stewart and Josephine Hull. The story is about a man whose best friend is a pooka named Harvey—in the form of a six-foot, three-and-one-half-inch tall invisible rabbit.-Plot:Elwood P...
(1950) - BernardineBernardine (film)Bernardine is a 1957 film directed by Henry Levin and starring Pat Boone, Terry Moore, Dean Jagger, Dick Sargent, and Janet Gaynor. The 1952 play upon which the movie is based was written by Mary Coyle Chase, the Denver playwright who also wrote the smash hit Broadway play Harvey...
(1957)
External links
- Mary Coyle Chase Website
- Mary Chase at the Doolee Playwright's Database
- Guide to the Mary Chase papers at the University of Oregon