Marhasi
Encyclopedia
Marhaši was a 3rd millennium BC
polity situated east of Elam
, on the Iranian plateau
. It is known from Mesopotamian sources, and its precise location has not been identified. An inscription attributed to Lugal-Anne-Mundu
of Adab
(albeit in much later copies) mentions it among the seven provinces of his empire, between the names of Elam and Gutium
. This inscription also recorded that he confronted their governor (ensi
), Migir-Enlil of Marhashi, who had led a coalition of 13 rebel chiefs against him.
It is known that the Awan
kings of Elam were in conflict with a Sumerian
ruler's attempt to seize the market at Warakshe, a kingdom apparently near Elam on the Iranian plateau, rich in luxury products of all types, especially precious stones. During the Akkadian Empire, Warakshe was conquered by Sargon the Great, and king Sidgau of Warakshe, along with Luh-ishan of Awan, rebelled unsuccessfully against Rimush
, while Hishep-ratep of Awan in alliance with Warakshe was defeated by Naram-Sin
.
King Shulgi
of the Ur-III dynasty gave his daughter Nialimmidashu in marriage to king Libanukshabash of Marhashi in his 26th year, in an attempt to forge an alliance, but this was to prove short-lived, for Shulgi's successor Amar-Sin
records having to campaign against their new king, Arwilukpi.
3rd millennium BC
The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age.It represents a period of time in which imperialism, or the desire to conquer, grew to prominence, in the city states of the Middle East, but also throughout Eurasia, with Indo-European expansion to Anatolia, Europe and Central Asia. The...
polity situated east of Elam
Elam
Elam was an ancient civilization located in what is now southwest Iran. Elam was centered in the far west and the southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of Khuzestan and Ilam Province, as well as a small part of southern Iraq...
, on the Iranian plateau
Iranian plateau
The Iranian plateau, or Iranic plateau, is a geological formation in Southwest Asia. It is the part of the Eurasian Plate wedged between the Arabian and Indian plates, situated between the Zagros mountains to the west, the Caspian Sea and the Kopet Dag to the north, the Hormuz Strait and Persian...
. It is known from Mesopotamian sources, and its precise location has not been identified. An inscription attributed to Lugal-Anne-Mundu
Lugal-Anne-Mundu
Lugal-Anne-Mundu was the most important king of the city-state Adab in Sumer. The Sumerian king list claims he reigned for 90 years, following the defeat of Meskiaj-nanna of Ur...
of Adab
Adab
Adab or Udab was an ancient Sumerian city between Telloh and Nippur. It was located at the site of modern Bismaya or Bismya in the Wasit Governorate of Iraq.-History:...
(albeit in much later copies) mentions it among the seven provinces of his empire, between the names of Elam and Gutium
Gutium
The Gutians were a tribe that overran southern Mesopotamia when the Akkadian empire collapsed in approximately 2154 BC....
. This inscription also recorded that he confronted their governor (ensi
Ensi
Ensi may refer to:* ENSI, a Mesopotamian royal title in various Babylonian city states* Ensign, * ensî, the Old High German word for pagan deities...
), Migir-Enlil of Marhashi, who had led a coalition of 13 rebel chiefs against him.
It is known that the Awan
Awan dynasty
The Awan Dynasty was the first dynasty of Elam of which anything is known today, appearing at the dawn of historical record. The Elamites were likely major rivals of neighboring Sumer from remotest antiquity; they were said to have been defeated by Enmebaragesi of Kish The Awan Dynasty was the...
kings of Elam were in conflict with a Sumerian
Sumer
Sumer was a civilization and historical region in southern Mesopotamia, modern Iraq during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age....
ruler's attempt to seize the market at Warakshe, a kingdom apparently near Elam on the Iranian plateau, rich in luxury products of all types, especially precious stones. During the Akkadian Empire, Warakshe was conquered by Sargon the Great, and king Sidgau of Warakshe, along with Luh-ishan of Awan, rebelled unsuccessfully against Rimush
Rimush
Rimush was the second king of the Akkadian Empire. He was the son of Sargon of Akkad and Queen Tashlultum. He was succeeded by his brother Manishtushu and was an uncle of Naram-Sin of Akkad....
, while Hishep-ratep of Awan in alliance with Warakshe was defeated by Naram-Sin
Naram-Sin
Naram-Sin , reigned ca. 2254–2218 BCE, short chronology, was the third successor and grandson of King Sargon of Akkad. Under Naram-Sin the Akkadian Empire reached its zenith...
.
King Shulgi
Shulgi
Shulgi of Urim was the second king of the "Sumerian Renaissance". He reigned for 48 years, dated to 2029 BCE–1982 BCE...
of the Ur-III dynasty gave his daughter Nialimmidashu in marriage to king Libanukshabash of Marhashi in his 26th year, in an attempt to forge an alliance, but this was to prove short-lived, for Shulgi's successor Amar-Sin
Amar-Sin
Amar-Sin was the third ruler of the Ur III Dynasty. He succeeded his father Shulgi .Year-names are known for all 9 years of his reign...
records having to campaign against their new king, Arwilukpi.
See also
- List of kings of Persia
- Jiroft culture
- MeluhhaMeluhha' or Melukhkha is the Sumerian name of a prominent trading partner of Sumer during the Middle Bronze Age. Its identification remains an open question.-Trade with Sumer:...
- ArattaArattaAratta is a land that appears in Sumerian myths surrounding Enmerkar and Lugalbanda, two early and possibly mythical kings of Uruk also mentioned on the Sumerian king list.-Role in Sumerian literature:Aratta is described as follows in Sumerian literature:...
- HamaziHamaziHamazi or Khamazi was an ancient kingdom or city-state of some importance that reached its peak ca. 2500-2400 BC...
- SubartuSubartuThe land of Subartu or Subar is mentioned in Bronze Age literature...
Literature
- Potts, D. T., Total prestation in Marhashi-Ur relations, Iranica Antiqua 37 (2002).
- Olmstead, A. T., The Babylonian Empire, The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures (1919), p. 72.
- Michael Witzel, Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan; 1.9. The Southern Indus language: Meluhhan, EJVS 5 (1999)http://www.ejvs.laurasianacademy.com/ejvs0501/ejvs0501b.txt.
- Bertrand Lafont, The Toponym Ligriki, Cuneiform Digital Library Bulletin (2002)http://cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdlb/2002/cdlb2002_003.html