Maonan
Encyclopedia
The Maonan people are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China
. There are a total of 107,166 Maonan, mostly living northern Guangxi
province in southern China.
The Maonan people's autonyms are ʔai1 na:n6 (a Maonan person) kjɔŋ5 na:n6 (the Maonan people) (Lu 2008:33). Their language is called va6 na:n6.
that emigrated to Guangxi
and married Maonan women. Other frequent surnames found in this ethnic group are: Lu, Meng, Wei and Yan.
The towns of the Maonan do not surpass more than 100 dwellings. Their towns are organized by clan. Their dwellings, are very similar to those of the Zhuang, they are usually made up of two floors and constructed out of clay. The upper floor is used as the living quarters while the lower one serves as a granary and stable.
Traditionally, the marriages were arranged by the parents when the future newlyweds still children. Traditionally when a Maonan woman became a widow, the brother of her late husband took her as his wife.
During the funeral service, the children of the deceased had that "to buy" water of a river to be able to wash the corpse. Before proceeding to the burial, the blood of a chicken was poured on the land to purify it and to bless the spirit of the dead person.
that emigrated to Guangxi
and married Maonan women. Other frequent surnames found in this ethnic group are: Lu, Meng, Wei and Yan.
The towns of the Maonan do not surpass more than 100 dwellings. Their towns are organized by clan. Their dwellings, are very similar to those of the Zhuang, they are usually made up of two floors and constructed out of clay. The upper floor is used as the living quarters while the lower one serves as a granary and stable.
Traditionally, the marriages were arranged by the parents when the future newlyweds still children. Traditionally when a Maonan woman became a widow, the brother of her late husband took her as his wife.
During the funeral service, the children of the deceased had that "to buy" water of a river to be able to wash the corpse]
Rice wine is also popular among the Maonan.
influences. Many deities and rituals are borrowed from Chinese folk religion
. Important figures and deities are listed below (Lu 2008:51).
Maonan household shrines are called ji:ŋ1 wa3 (Lu 2008:51). The shrine consists of a wooden plate on a wall facing the front entrance. Names of deities and family ancestors are written on the plate.
The Maonan people also perform a redemptive ritual called vɛ4 da:u4 in order to show gratitude to ni4 fa:n1 su:i5 (Wansui Niangniang, the birth goddess). During Maonan weddings, couples ask the birth goddess for fertility. After the couple has children, they thank the birth goddess by offering 26 animals (1 ox, 7 small pigs, and 19 chickens and ducks).
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
. There are a total of 107,166 Maonan, mostly living northern Guangxi
Guangxi
Guangxi, formerly romanized Kwangsi, is a province of southern China along its border with Vietnam. In 1958, it became the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, a region with special privileges created specifically for the Zhuang people.Guangxi's location, in...
province in southern China.
The Maonan people's autonyms are ʔai1 na:n6 (a Maonan person) kjɔŋ5 na:n6 (the Maonan people) (Lu 2008:33). Their language is called va6 na:n6.
Society
[Interestingly, more than one 80% of the Maonan share the same surname: Tan. Maonan with the surname "Tan" believe that they are descended from the old inhabitants of the province of HunanHunan
' is a province of South-Central China, located to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting...
that emigrated to Guangxi
Guangxi
Guangxi, formerly romanized Kwangsi, is a province of southern China along its border with Vietnam. In 1958, it became the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, a region with special privileges created specifically for the Zhuang people.Guangxi's location, in...
and married Maonan women. Other frequent surnames found in this ethnic group are: Lu, Meng, Wei and Yan.
The towns of the Maonan do not surpass more than 100 dwellings. Their towns are organized by clan. Their dwellings, are very similar to those of the Zhuang, they are usually made up of two floors and constructed out of clay. The upper floor is used as the living quarters while the lower one serves as a granary and stable.
Traditionally, the marriages were arranged by the parents when the future newlyweds still children. Traditionally when a Maonan woman became a widow, the brother of her late husband took her as his wife.
During the funeral service, the children of the deceased had that "to buy" water of a river to be able to wash the corpse. Before proceeding to the burial, the blood of a chicken was poured on the land to purify it and to bless the spirit of the dead person.
Society
Interestingly, more than one 80% of the Maonan share the same surname: Tan. Maonan with the surname "Tan" believe that they are descended from the old inhabitants of the province of HunanHunan
' is a province of South-Central China, located to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting...
that emigrated to Guangxi
Guangxi
Guangxi, formerly romanized Kwangsi, is a province of southern China along its border with Vietnam. In 1958, it became the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, a region with special privileges created specifically for the Zhuang people.Guangxi's location, in...
and married Maonan women. Other frequent surnames found in this ethnic group are: Lu, Meng, Wei and Yan.
The towns of the Maonan do not surpass more than 100 dwellings. Their towns are organized by clan. Their dwellings, are very similar to those of the Zhuang, they are usually made up of two floors and constructed out of clay. The upper floor is used as the living quarters while the lower one serves as a granary and stable.
Traditionally, the marriages were arranged by the parents when the future newlyweds still children. Traditionally when a Maonan woman became a widow, the brother of her late husband took her as his wife.
During the funeral service, the children of the deceased had that "to buy" water of a river to be able to wash the corpse]
Cuisine
Maonan cuisine includes many pickled dishes, of which the most famous ones are known as the sa:m1 səm3 ta5 ma:u6 na:n6, or "The Three Maonan Sour Dishes" (Lu 2008:47). These three dishes are:- na:n4 səm3 - picked meat
- zo5 fa:t7 - fermented soup
- ʔɔŋ5 ʔwu:i5 - (dish preserved with) lime in an urn
Rice wine is also popular among the Maonan.
Religion
Traditional Maonan religion is both animistic and polytheistic, with heavy TaoistTaoism
Taoism refers to a philosophical or religious tradition in which the basic concept is to establish harmony with the Tao , which is the mechanism of everything that exists...
influences. Many deities and rituals are borrowed from Chinese folk religion
Chinese folk religion
Chinese folk religion or Shenism , which is a term of considerable debate, are labels used to describe the collection of ethnic religious traditions which have been a main belief system in China and among Han Chinese ethnic groups for most of the civilization's history until today...
. Important figures and deities are listed below (Lu 2008:51).
- Kitchen God - for the family's welfare
- God of Earth - for peaceful outdoor activities
- General Li Guang - A historical figure from the Western Han Dynasty who is venerated as a protector of villages.
- Shentu and Yulei - These two legendary figures protect homes from malevolent devils by feeding them to tigers. They are placed on front doors to ward off evil.
- Thunder God
- The Thunder Soldiers
- Flower God
- Guanyin
- muŋ2 ku:n1 - an evil immortal
- lu2 pa:n1 - a historical figure who was a master carpenter
- lɔk8 gi:u2 - a legendary figure who was a bridge builder
- ʔbi:u2 - Emperor Yao
- sa:m3 ȵɔn2 - a religious figure
- za4 wa:ŋ2 - the God of the Earth
- ni4 fa:n1 su:i5 - the Goddess of Birth
Maonan household shrines are called ji:ŋ1 wa3 (Lu 2008:51). The shrine consists of a wooden plate on a wall facing the front entrance. Names of deities and family ancestors are written on the plate.
The Maonan people also perform a redemptive ritual called vɛ4 da:u4 in order to show gratitude to ni4 fa:n1 su:i5 (Wansui Niangniang, the birth goddess). During Maonan weddings, couples ask the birth goddess for fertility. After the couple has children, they thank the birth goddess by offering 26 animals (1 ox, 7 small pigs, and 19 chickens and ducks).
External links
- http://www.china.org.cn/e-groups/shaoshu/shao-maonan.htm (Chinese government site)