The Mansakan languages are a group of languages spoken in the Philippines. Davawenyo is the principal native language of the Davao region

Davao Region

Davao Region / Southern Mindanao, designated as Region XI, is one of the regions of the Philippines, located on the southeastern portion of Mindanao. Davao Region consists of four provinces, namely: Compostela Valley, Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental, and Davao del Sur. The region encloses the Davao...

, though there is a high degree of bilingualism in Cebuano

Cebuano language

Cebuano, referred to by most of its speakers as Bisaya , is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20 million people mostly in the Central Visayas. It is the most widely spoken of the languages within the so-named Bisayan subgroup and is closely related to other Filipino...

.

Overview

The Mansakan languages are:

• Davawenyo
• Eastern
  • Karaga
  • Mandayan: Mansaka, Mandaya
• Kamayo
• Kalagan (a dialect cluster)

Gray, et. al. (2008)

A 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database concluded that with 80% confidence, the Butuanon

Butuanon language

Butuanon is an Austronesian language spoken in Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur, with some native speakers in Misamis Oriental and Surigao del Norte. According to an article in the Manila Times, as of 2007 Butuanon is spoken by fewer than 500 youngsters in Butuan itself.Butuanon is very closely...

-Tausug language

Tausug language

Tausūg is a language spoken in the province of Sulu in the Philippines, in Malaysia, and in Indonesia by the Tausūg people....

s are more closely related to Mansakan than to the Visayan languages

Visayan languages

The Visayan languages of the Philippines, along with Tagalog and Bikol, are part of the Central Philippine languages...

, their traditional classification. The Mamanwa language

Mamanwa language

The Mamanwa language is a Central Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Agusan del Norte and Surigao in Mindanao, Philippines. It had about 5,000 speakers as of 1990....

, previously left unclassified within Central Philippines, was connected with 95% confidence. The resulting family is,

Greater Mansakan

• Butuanon
  Butuanon language
  Butuanon is an Austronesian language spoken in Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur, with some native speakers in Misamis Oriental and Surigao del Norte. According to an article in the Manila Times, as of 2007 Butuanon is spoken by fewer than 500 youngsters in Butuan itself.Butuanon is very closely...
  
  –Tausug
  Tausug language
  Tausūg is a language spoken in the province of Sulu in the Philippines, in Malaysia, and in Indonesia by the Tausūg people....
  
  
• Mamanwa–Mansakan
  • Mamanwa
    Mamanwa language
    The Mamanwa language is a Central Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Agusan del Norte and Surigao in Mindanao, Philippines. It had about 5,000 speakers as of 1990....
    
    
  • Mansakan proper

Gallman (1974)

The Mansakan subgrouping below is from Gallman (1974).

Individual languages are marked by italics, and primary branches by bold italics.

• Mansakan
  • North Mansakan
    • Kamayo North and Kamayo South
  • Davaw
    • Davawenyo (Davaweño)
  • Eastern Mansakan
    • Isamal
    • Caraga (Karaga)
    • Kabasagan, Boso, Mansaka, Mandayan
  • Western Mansakan
    • Kalagan and Tagakaolo
• Mamanwa
  Mamanwa language
  The Mamanwa language is a Central Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Agusan del Norte and Surigao in Mindanao, Philippines. It had about 5,000 speakers as of 1990....