Mangeliinae
Encyclopedia
Mangeliidae is a monophyletic family
of small to medium-sized sea snail
s, marine
gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea
.
Bouchet
, Kantor et al. elevated in 2011 the subfamily Mangeliinae together with subfamily Oenopitinae (at that point both belonging to the family Conidae) to the rank of family. This was based on anatomical characters and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene
fragments
and by a deep sinus with a heavy callus on the shoulder slope of the outer lip. This outer lip (labrum) is reinforced. The aperture
is oval-elongated, usually narrow, terminating in a rather short, truncated siphon. The aperture is only rarely denticulate. The axial ribs are dominant in the sculpture
of the shell. The toxoglossate radula
has a weak basal ribbon and relatively short marginal teeth with very variable morphology. The tooth cavity opens laterally.
However, the following genera Neoguraleus and Liracraea are operculate with terminal nucleus. This makes the reinforced outer lip the most characteristic feature of this subfamily.
Genera moved to other families :
Genera brought into synonymy :
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
of small to medium-sized sea snail
Sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for those snails that normally live in saltwater, marine gastropod molluscs....
s, marine
Marine (ocean)
Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...
gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea
Conoidea
Conoidea is a superfamily of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the suborder Hypsogastropoda. This superfamily is a very large group of marine mollusks, estimated at about 340 recent valid genera and subgenera, and considered by one authority to contain 4,000 named living species...
.
Bouchet
Philippe Bouchet
Philippe Bouchet is a French scientist, a zoologist whose primary scientific field of study is malacology. He is a senior professor at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, and is head of the Malacology laboratory and the Taxonomy Collections Unit there...
, Kantor et al. elevated in 2011 the subfamily Mangeliinae together with subfamily Oenopitinae (at that point both belonging to the family Conidae) to the rank of family. This was based on anatomical characters and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
fragments
Description
The Mangeliidae are characterized by the lack of an operculumOperculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...
and by a deep sinus with a heavy callus on the shoulder slope of the outer lip. This outer lip (labrum) is reinforced. The aperture
Aperture (mollusc)
The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc....
is oval-elongated, usually narrow, terminating in a rather short, truncated siphon. The aperture is only rarely denticulate. The axial ribs are dominant in the sculpture
Sculpture (mollusc)
The sculpture of a mollusc shell is the three-dimensional ornamentation on the outer surface, as distinct from the basic shape of the shell itself or colouration. Sculpture may be concave as well as convex. Sometimes it has microscopic detail. Sculpture refers to the calcareous outer layer, not the...
of the shell. The toxoglossate radula
Radula
The radula is an anatomical structure that is used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared rather inaccurately to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus...
has a weak basal ribbon and relatively short marginal teeth with very variable morphology. The tooth cavity opens laterally.
However, the following genera Neoguraleus and Liracraea are operculate with terminal nucleus. This makes the reinforced outer lip the most characteristic feature of this subfamily.
Genera
This is a list of the accepted names of species in the family Mangeliidae : (the main reference for recent species is the World Register of Marine Species)- Acmaturris Woodring, 1928
- AgathotomaAgathotomaAgathotoma is a genus of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Mangeliidae. There are at least eighteen described species.-Species:Species within the genus Agathotoma include:...
Cossman, 1899 - Anticlinura Thiele, 1934
- Antiguraleus Powell, 1942
- Apispiralia Laseron, 1954
- Apitua Laseron, 1954
- BactrocytharaBactrocytharaBactrocythara is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Bactrocythara include:* Bactrocythara agachada Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & Fernandes, 1994...
Woodring, 1928 - BelaBela (gastropod)Bela is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Bela include:* Bela africana Ardovini, 2004* Bela alma Thiele, 1925* Bela anderssoni Strebel, 1908...
Gray, 1847 - Bellacythara McLean, 1971
- BenthomangeliaBenthomangeliaBenthomangelia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Benthomangelia include:* Benthomangelia abyssopacifica Sysoev, 1988* Benthomangelia antonia...
Thiele, 1925 - BrachycytharaBrachycytharaBrachycythara is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Brachycythara include:* Brachycythara alba * Brachycythara atlantidea...
Woodring, 1928 - Cacodaphnella Pilsbry & Lowe, 1933
- Citharomangelia Kilbu, 1992
- CryoturrisCryoturrisCryoturris is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Cryoturris include:* Cryoturris adamsii Cryoturris is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Cryoturris...
Woodring, 1928 - CurtitomaCurtitomaCurtitoma is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Curtitoma include:* Curtitoma bartschi * Curtitoma becklemishevi Bogdanov, 1989...
Bartsch, 1941 - Cythara Fischer, 1883 (nomen dubium)
- Cytharopsis A. Adams, 1865
- EucitharaEucitharaEucithara is a genus of small to quite large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae. -Species:According to the World Register of Marine Species , the following species with accepted names are included within the genus Eucithara * Eucithara abakcheutos Kilburn, 1992*...
Fischer, 1883 - EuryentmemaEuryentmemaEuryentmema is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Euryentmema include: * Euryentmena australiana Shuto, 1983...
Woodring, 1928 - GenotinaGenotinaGenotina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae, -Species:Species within the genus Genotina include:* Genotina adamii * Genotina genotae Vera-Peláez, 2004...
Vera-Peláez, 2004 - Gingicithara Kilbu, 1992
- GlyphoturrisGlyphoturrisGlyphoturris is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Glyphoturris include:* Glyphoturris diminuta * Glyphoturris eritima...
Woodring, 1928 - Granotoma Bartsch, 1941
- GranoturrisGranoturrisGranoturris is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Granoturris include:* Granoturris padolina Fargo, 1953* Granoturris presleyi Lyons, 1972...
Fargo, 1953 - GuraleusGuraleusGuraleus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.-Species:According to the World Register of Marine Species the following species with valid names are included within the genus Guraleus : * Guraleus alucinans * Guraleus amplexus *...
Hedley, 1918 - Hemicythara Kuroda & Oyama, 1971
- Heterocithara Hedley, 1922
- IthycytharaIthycytharaIthycythara is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Ithycythara include:* Ithycythara acutangulus Ithycythara is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus...
Woodring, 1928 - KurtziaKurtziaKurtzia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Kurtzia include:* Kurtzia aethra * Kurtzia arteaga...
Bartsch 1944 - KurtziellaKurtziellaKurtziella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Kurtziella include:* Kurtziella acanthodes * Kurtziella accinctus...
Dall, 1918 - Leiocithara Hedley, 1922
- Liracraea Odhner, 1924
- Lorabela Powell, 1951
- Macteola Hedley, 1918
- MangeliaMangeliaMangelia is a large genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae. There are at least 78 described species.-Species:Species within the genus Mangelia include: * Mangelia adansoni...
Risso, 1826 (78 species) - MaritaMarita (gastropod)Marita is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Marita include according to the World Register of Marine Species * Marita bella...
Hedley, 1922 - Mitraguraleus Laseron, 1954
- Neoguraleus Powell, 1939
- NotocytharellaNotocytharellaNotocytharella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Notocytharella include :* Notocytharella niobe * Notocytharella phaethusa...
Hertlein & Strong, 1955 - ObesotomaObesotomaObesotoma is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Obesotoma include:* Obesotoma gigantea * Obesotoma gigas...
Bartsch, 1941 - OenopotaOenopotaOenopota is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Oenopota include:* Oenopota admetoides * Oenopota alba Golikov & Scarlato, 1985...
Mörch, 1852 - Oenopotella A. Sysoev, 1988
- Papillocithara Kilbu, 1992
- Paraguraleus Powell, 1944
- Paraspirotropis Sysoev & Kantor, 1984
- Perimangelia McLean, 2000
- PlatycytharaPlatycytharaPlatycythara is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Platycythara include:* Platycythara curta * Platycythara elata...
Woodring, 1928 - Pleurotomoides Bronn, 1831
- PropebelaPropebelaPropebela is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Propebela include:* Propebela alaskensis * Propebela alitakensis...
Iredale, 1918 - Pseudorhaphitoma Boettger, 1895
- PyrgocytharaPyrgocytharaPyrgocythara is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Pyrgocythara include:* Pyrgocythara albovittata Pyrgocythara is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus...
Woodring, 1928 - RubellatomaRubellatomaRubellatoma is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae-Species:Species within the genus Rubellatoma include:* Rubellatoma diomedea Bartsch & Rehder, 1939* Rubellatoma rubella...
Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 - Saccharoturris Woodring, 1928
- Stellatoma Bartsch & Rehder, 1939
- Suturocythara Garcia, 2008
- TenaturrisTenaturrisTenaturris is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Tenaturris include:* Tenaturris bartlettii * Tenaturris concinna...
Woodring, 1928 - ToxicochlespiraToxicochlespiraToxicochlespira is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Toxicochlespira include:* Toxicochlespira pagoda Sysoev & Kantor, 1990...
Sysoev & Kantor, 1990 - Venustoma Bartsch, 1941
- Vexiguraleus Powell, 1942
- Vitjazinella Sysoev 1988
- Vitricythara Fargo, 1953
Genera moved to other families :
- Anacithara Hedley, 1922 : brought into the new family HoraiclavidaeHoraiclavidaeHoraiclavidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.- Genera :Genera within the family Horaiclavidae include:* Anacithara Hedley, 1922* Anguloclavus Shuto, 1983...
- Austropusilla Laseron, 1954 : brought into the new family Raphitomidae
- BelaturriculaBelaturriculaBelaturricula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Borsoniidae.-Species:Species within the genus Belaturricula include:* Belaturricula antarctica Dell, 1990* Belaturricula dissimilis...
Powell, 1951 : brought into the new family BorsoniidaeBorsoniidaeBorsoniidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.In 2011, Bouchet, Kantor et al... - ClathromangeliaClathromangeliaClathromangelia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clathurellidae, .The species in this genus lack a radula...
Monterosato, 1884 : brought into the new family ClathurellidaeClathurellidaeClathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :... - ConopleuraConopleuraConopleura is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Drilliidae. -Species:Species within the genus Conopleura include:* Conopleura aliena Smriglio, Mariottini & Calascibetta, 1999* Conopleura striata Hinds, 1844...
Hinds, 1844 : belongs to DrilliidaeDrilliidaeDrilliidae is a taxonomic family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.This family has no subfamilies.-Description:... - Euclathurella Woodring, 1928 : belongs to the new family ClathurellidaeClathurellidaeClathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :...
- GlyptaesopusGlyptaesopusGlyptaesopus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Borsoniidae-Species:Species within the genus Glyptaesopus include:* Glyptaesopus phylira * Glyptaesopus proctorae...
Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941 : brought into the new family BorsoniidaeBorsoniidaeBorsoniidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.In 2011, Bouchet, Kantor et al... - Lienardia Jousseaume, 1884 : brought into the new family ClathurellidaeClathurellidaeClathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :...
- Lioglyphostomella Shuto, 1970 : brought into the new family PseudomelatomidaePseudomelatomidaePseudomelatomidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropods included in the superfamily Conoidea and part of the Neogastropoda...
- OtitomaOtitomaOtitoma is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pseudomelatomidae.-Species:Species within the genus Otitoma include:* Otitoma carnicolor * Otitoma crokerensis...
Jousseaume, 1898 : belongs to the new family PseudomelatomidaePseudomelatomidaePseudomelatomidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropods included in the superfamily Conoidea and part of the Neogastropoda... - Paraclathurella Boettger, 1895 : belongs to the new family ClathurellidaeClathurellidaeClathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :...
- Paramontana Laseron, 1954 : belongs to the new family Raphitomidae
- Pseudoetrema Oyama, 1953 : belongs to the new family ClathurellidaeClathurellidaeClathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :...
- ThelecytharaThelecytharaThelecythara is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Horaiclavidae.-Species:Species within the genus Thelecythara include:* Thelecythara borroi Sarasua, 1975* Thelecythara dominguezi Gibson-Smith J...
Woodring, 1928 : belongs to the new family HoraiclavidaeHoraiclavidaeHoraiclavidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.- Genera :Genera within the family Horaiclavidae include:* Anacithara Hedley, 1922* Anguloclavus Shuto, 1983... - Turrella Laseron, 1954 : belongs to the new family ClathurellidaeClathurellidaeClathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :...
Genera brought into synonymy :
- Canetoma Bartsch, 1941 : synonym of PropebelaPropebelaPropebela is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Propebela include:* Propebela alaskensis * Propebela alitakensis...
Iredale, 1918 - Cestoma Bartsch, 1941 : synonym of PropebelaPropebelaPropebela is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Propebela include:* Propebela alaskensis * Propebela alitakensis...
Iredale, 1918 - Cithara : synonym of Cythara Schumacher, 1817
- Clathromangilia : synonym of Clathromangelia Monterosato, 1884 : belongs now to the family ClathurellidaeClathurellidaeClathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :...
- Clinuromella Beets, 1943 : synonym of Anticlinura Thiele, 1934
- Clinuropsis Thiele, 1929 : synonym of Anticlinura Thiele, 1934
- Cyrtocythara F. Nordsieck, 1977 : synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826
- Cytharella Monterosato, 1875 : synonym of Mangelia (Cytharella) Monterosato, 1875
- Ditoma Bellardi, 1875 : synonym of Agathotoma Cossman, 1899
- Euguraleus Cotton, 1947 : synonym of Guraleus Hedley, 1918
- Fehria van Aartsen, 1988 : synonym of BelaBelaBela may refer to:Trick-taking card games* Klaberjass, popular in Jewish communities* Belot, popular in CroatiaPlaces* Bela, on the banks of river Satluj, district Rupar, Punjab, India*Bela, Ajdovščina, Slovenia*Bela, Kamnik, Slovenia*Bela, Nepal...
Gray, 1847 - Funitoma Bartsch, 1941 : synonym of PropebelaPropebelaPropebela is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Propebela include:* Propebela alaskensis * Propebela alitakensis...
Iredale, 1918 - Ginnania Monterosato, 1884 : synonym of Bela Gray, 1847
- Lora Auctores non Gray, 1847 : synonym of Oenopota Mörch, 1852
- Mangilia Lovén, 1846 : synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826
- Mangiliella Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883 : synonym of MangeliaMangeliaMangelia is a large genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae. There are at least 78 described species.-Species:Species within the genus Mangelia include: * Mangelia adansoni...
Risso, 1826 - Nematoma Bartsch, 1941 : synonym of CurtitomaCurtitomaCurtitoma is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Curtitoma include:* Curtitoma bartschi * Curtitoma becklemishevi Bogdanov, 1989...
Bartsch, 1941 - Nodotoma Bartsch, 1941: synonym of OenopotaOenopotaOenopota is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Oenopota include:* Oenopota admetoides * Oenopota alba Golikov & Scarlato, 1985...
Mörch, 1852 - Pseudoraphitoma: synonym of Pseudorhaphitoma Boettger, 1895
- Rissomangelia Monterosato, 1917 : synonym of MangeliaMangeliaMangelia is a large genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae. There are at least 78 described species.-Species:Species within the genus Mangelia include: * Mangelia adansoni...
Risso, 1826 - Rugocythara Nordsieck, 1977 : synonym of MangeliaMangeliaMangelia is a large genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae. There are at least 78 described species.-Species:Species within the genus Mangelia include: * Mangelia adansoni...
Risso, 1826 - Scabrella Hedley, 1918 : synonym of AsperdaphneAsperdaphneAsperdaphne is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae.-Species:Species within the genus Asperdaphne include:* Asperdaphne aculeata * Asperdaphne amplecta Hedley, 1922...
Hedley, 1922 - Smithia Monterodato, 1884 : synonym of Smithiella Monterosato, 1890
- Smithiella Monterosato, 1890 : synonym of MangeliaMangeliaMangelia is a large genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae. There are at least 78 described species.-Species:Species within the genus Mangelia include: * Mangelia adansoni...
Risso, 1826 - Thelecytharella Shuto, 1969 : synonym of OtitomaOtitomaOtitoma is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pseudomelatomidae.-Species:Species within the genus Otitoma include:* Otitoma carnicolor * Otitoma crokerensis...
Jousseaume, 1898 : belongs to the family PseudomelatomidaePseudomelatomidaePseudomelatomidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropods included in the superfamily Conoidea and part of the Neogastropoda... - Thetidos Hedley, 1899 : synonym of Lienardia Jousseaume, 1884 : belongs to the family ClathurellidaeClathurellidaeClathurellidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :...
- Turritomella Bartsch, 1941 : synonym of PropebelaPropebelaPropebela is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Propebela include:* Propebela alaskensis * Propebela alitakensis...
Iredale, 1918 - Villiersiella Monterosato, 1890 : synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826
- Widalli Bogdanov, 1986: synonym of CurtitomaCurtitomaCurtitoma is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Curtitoma include:* Curtitoma bartschi * Curtitoma becklemishevi Bogdanov, 1989...
Bartsch, 1941 - Cythara Schumacher, 1817 (nomen dubiumNomen dubiumIn zoological nomenclature, a nomen dubium is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application...
)