Mangal (tribe)
Encyclopedia
The Mangal are one of the largest and perhaps the most powerful and influential Pashtun
tribes, residing in Southeastern Paktia and adjacent Khost
provinces of Afghanistan
The Mangals are known for their independent nature, and have a long history of resisting British forces, central and provincial governments, Soviet army, and even fellow Pashtun Taliban militia. The Mangals descent from Karlanri Pashtun lineage, which is much smaller compared to the two main Pashtun clans: Durrani
and Ghilzai
. The Mangal tribal militia was the main force that toppled the only non-Pashtun King in the history Afghanistan, Habibullah Kalakani, more widely known as Bach-e-Saqaow (son of water carrier). After Kalakani's defeat and overthrow by the tribes of Paktia, Mohammad Nadir Khan was installed as king, who ruled from October 17, 1929 to November 8, 1933. Because Nadir Khan owed much to the tribes of Paktia and even relied on their militias for security of his family, many tribal leaders were granted vast wealth and power by the new administration. In fact, the entire greater Loya Paktia
region was exempt from mandatory military service, which the rest of the nation, regardless of ethnicity, region, or family endured.
The Mangal was deployed in Northern Afghanistan shortly before Nadir Khan's assassination to crush a rebellion by ethnic Tajik and Uzbek communities, supported by an Uzbek rebel, Ibrahimbeg Laqqai, who had crossed into Northern Afghanistan from neighboring Russia. Laqqai had been battling Russian troops, who had taken over his homeland of modern day Uzbekistan, in what is now known as the Basmachi Movement. During Kalakani's short rule as king, Laqqai was given a free hand in Northern Tajik and Uzbek communities. He recruited locals to fight across the river against the Russians, and most disturbing to the new Afghan government in Kabul after Kalakani's overthrow, Laqqai created a small fiefdom in Northern Afghanistan within the friendly communities. However, the Pashtun administration of Nadir Khan could not tolerate a renegade foreigner to carve out a piece of its land for his own use. This led to the Mangal tribe being dispatched to the north. Within a few weeks, the Mangals brutally crushed Laqqai's forces and drove him back across the Amu river, where he was subsequently captured and hanged by the Russians.
Mangal tribe is also found in Pakistan
's Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province mainly in area of Thall Vally and also in District Hangu and Orakzai Agency of FATA
.
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Pashtun people
Pashtuns or Pathans , also known as ethnic Afghans , are an Eastern Iranic ethnic group with populations primarily between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan...
tribes, residing in Southeastern Paktia and adjacent Khost
Khost
Khost or Khowst is a city in eastern Afghanistan. It is the capital of Khost province, which is a mountainous region near Afghanistan's border with Pakistan...
provinces of Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
The Mangals are known for their independent nature, and have a long history of resisting British forces, central and provincial governments, Soviet army, and even fellow Pashtun Taliban militia. The Mangals descent from Karlanri Pashtun lineage, which is much smaller compared to the two main Pashtun clans: Durrani
Durrani
Durrani or Abdali is the name of a chief Pashtun tribal confederation in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Originally known by their ancient name Abdali later as Durrani they have been called Durrani since the beginning of the Durrani Empire in 1747. The number of Durranis are estimated to be roughly 16%...
and Ghilzai
Ghilzai
Ghilzai are the largest Pashtun tribal confederacy found in Afghanistan and Pakistan. They are also known historically as Ghilji, Khilji, Ghalji, Ghilzye, and possibly Gharzai...
. The Mangal tribal militia was the main force that toppled the only non-Pashtun King in the history Afghanistan, Habibullah Kalakani, more widely known as Bach-e-Saqaow (son of water carrier). After Kalakani's defeat and overthrow by the tribes of Paktia, Mohammad Nadir Khan was installed as king, who ruled from October 17, 1929 to November 8, 1933. Because Nadir Khan owed much to the tribes of Paktia and even relied on their militias for security of his family, many tribal leaders were granted vast wealth and power by the new administration. In fact, the entire greater Loya Paktia
Loya Paktia
Loya Paktia is historically a region of Afghanistan, comprising the modern Afghan provinces of Paktia, Paktika and Khost.Loya Paktia generally coincides with the Zadran Arc, depicting the range of the Pashtun Zadran tribe....
region was exempt from mandatory military service, which the rest of the nation, regardless of ethnicity, region, or family endured.
The Mangal was deployed in Northern Afghanistan shortly before Nadir Khan's assassination to crush a rebellion by ethnic Tajik and Uzbek communities, supported by an Uzbek rebel, Ibrahimbeg Laqqai, who had crossed into Northern Afghanistan from neighboring Russia. Laqqai had been battling Russian troops, who had taken over his homeland of modern day Uzbekistan, in what is now known as the Basmachi Movement. During Kalakani's short rule as king, Laqqai was given a free hand in Northern Tajik and Uzbek communities. He recruited locals to fight across the river against the Russians, and most disturbing to the new Afghan government in Kabul after Kalakani's overthrow, Laqqai created a small fiefdom in Northern Afghanistan within the friendly communities. However, the Pashtun administration of Nadir Khan could not tolerate a renegade foreigner to carve out a piece of its land for his own use. This led to the Mangal tribe being dispatched to the north. Within a few weeks, the Mangals brutally crushed Laqqai's forces and drove him back across the Amu river, where he was subsequently captured and hanged by the Russians.
Mangal tribe is also found in Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
's Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province mainly in area of Thall Vally and also in District Hangu and Orakzai Agency of FATA
Fata
The FATA or FC-ATA is a type of computer hard disk drive. FATA is simply the low cost ATA or SATA disk drive equipped with a small external converter, that changes the interface to Fibre Channel...
.
External links
- Mangal Tribal Tree, Center for Culture and Conflict Studies, US Naval Postgraduate School.
roeen yeah is the best of the best/