Louisiana State Act 159
Encyclopedia
Signed into law June 28, 2005 and effective August 8, 2005, Louisiana State Act No 159 found in, Louisiana RS 40:989.1, outlawed the cultivation, possession or sale of 40 known hallucinogenic plants in the state of Louisiana
. However, use of the plants "strictly for aesthetic, landscaping, or decorative purposes" was allowed.
" by the bill:
Louisiana
Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties...
. However, use of the plants "strictly for aesthetic, landscaping, or decorative purposes" was allowed.
Plants
The following were declared as "Hallucinogenic PlantsPsychedelic plants
A list of plants that are used for psychedelic drugs. Some of them have been used for thousands of years for religious purposes. The plants are listed according to the substances they contain.-THC:Cannabis is a popular psychedelic plant...
" by the bill:
- Amanita muscariaAmanita muscariaAmanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric or fly amanita , is a poisonous and psychoactive basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita...
- Anadenanthera colubrina
- Anadenanthera peregrina
- Atropa belladonna
- BanisteriopsisBanisteriopsis caapiBanisteriopsis caapi, also known as Ayahuasca, Caapi or Yage, is a South American jungle vine of the family Malpighiaceae. It is used to prepare Ayahuasca, a decoction that has a long history of entheogenic uses as a medicine and "plant teacher" among the indigenous peoples of the Amazon Rainforest...
spp. - Brugmansia arboreaBrugmansiaBrugmansia is a genus of seven species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae, native to subtropical regions of South America, along the Andes from Colombia to northern Chile, and also in southeastern Brazil. They are known as Angel's Trumpets, sharing that name with the closely related genus...
- BrunfelsiaBrunfelsiaBrunfelsia is a genus of about 40 species of neotropical shrubs and small trees.The leaves are alternate and simple, with shapes generally elliptic to ovate. The flowers are large and tubular, with five broad petals. Typical habitat is light woodland and thickets. Species in cultivation include...
spp. - Calea zacatechichiCalea zacatechichiCalea zacatechichi, also known as Dream Herb, Leaf of God, and Bitter Grass, is a plant used by the indigenous Chontal of the Mexican state of Oaxaca for oneiromancy The plant naturally occurs from southern Mexico to northern Costa Rica...
- ConocybeConocybeThe genus Conocybe is a genus of mushrooms consisting of Conocybe tenera and at least 243 other species, with at least 50 species in North America....
spp. - DaturaDaturaDatura is a genus of nine species of vespertine flowering plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. Its precise and natural distribution is uncertain, owing to its extensive cultivation and naturalization throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the globe...
spp. - ErythrinaErythrinaErythrina is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It contains about 130 species, which are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. They are trees, growing up to in height...
spp. (spelled Erythina in the bill) - Genista canariensisGenistaGenista is a genus of legumes which includes many species of broom. Many of these brooms are notorious as noxious weeds.Species include:*Genista aetnensis - Mount Etna broom*Genista anglica - petty whin, needle furze*Genista canariensis...
- Heimia salicifoliaHeimia salicifoliaHeimia Salicifolia is a species of flowering plant in the Loosestrife family, Lythraceae. It is native to the Americas, ranging from the southwestern United States through Mexico and Central America to Argentina...
(spelled Heimia salicfolia in the bill) - Hyoscyamus niger
- Ipomoea violaceaIpomoea violaceaIpomoea violacea is a perennial species of Ipomoea that occurs throughout the tropics, growing in coastal regions. It is most commonly called 'Beach Moonflower' or 'Sea Moonflower' as the flowers open at night...
- Kaempferia galangaKaempferia galangaKaempferia galanga, commonly known as kencur, aromatic ginger, sand ginger, cutcherry or resurrection lily, is a monocotyledonous plant in the ginger family. It is found primarily in open areas in Indonesia, southern China, Taiwan, Cambodia and India, but is also widely cultivated throughout...
- Lagochilus inebrians (spelled Lagoehilus inebrians in the bill)
- Latua pubifloraLatua pubifloraLatua pubiflora is the sole representative of the monotypic endemic plant genus Latua native to Chile, where it prefers wet habitats in southern coastal mountains. Latua pubiflora produces four tropane alkaloids, scopolamine, hyoscyamine, apoatropine and 3α-cinnamoyloxitropane, giving it...
(syn. Lycioplesium pubiflorum) - Mandragora officinarumMandragora officinarumMandragora officinarum is a species of the plant genus mandrake. It has a variety of medicinal uses, especially anodyne and soporific, though in the past much of the use was due to superstition.-Physical characteristics:...
- MesembryanthemumMesembryanthemumMesembryanthemum is a genus of plants native to southern Africa. Many species which were formerly placed herein have since been moved into other genera such as Carpobrotus Sceletium is sometimes included here....
spp. - Methysticodendron amesianumBrugmansiaBrugmansia is a genus of seven species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae, native to subtropical regions of South America, along the Andes from Colombia to northern Chile, and also in southeastern Brazil. They are known as Angel's Trumpets, sharing that name with the closely related genus...
- Mimosa hostilisMimosa hostilisMimosa tenuiflora is a perennial evergreen tree or shrub native to the northeastern region of Brazil and found as far north as southern Mexico...
- Oldmedioperebea sclerophylla (spelled Olmedioperebea sclerophylla in the bill; syn. Maquira sclerophylla)
- PanaeolusPanaeolusPanaeolus is a genus of small, black-spored, saprotrophic agarics. The word Panaeolus is Greek for "all variegated", alluding to the spotted gills of the mushrooms produced.- Characteristics :...
spp. - Pancratium trianthumPancratium (genus)Pancratium is a genus of about 21 species of perennial, herbaceous and bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae, which latter also includes the genera Narcissus and Galanthus . The genus is found along the coastline of the Mediterranean area extending to the Canary...
(spelled Pancreatium trianthum in the bill) - Peganum harmala
- Physalis subglabrataPhysalisPhysalis is a genus of plants in the nightshade family , native to warm temperate and subtropical regions throughout the world. The genus is characterised by the small orange fruit similar in size, shape and structure to a small tomato, but partly or fully enclosed in a large papery husk derived...
- Prestonia amazonicaPrestonia amazonicaPrestonia amazonica is a hallucinogenic plant native to Amazon Rainforest vegetation. This plant is cited in Louisiana State Act 159....
(syn. Haemadictyon amazonicum) - PsilocybePsilocybePsilocybe is a genus of small mushrooms growing worldwide. This genus is best known for its species with psychedelic or hallucinogenic properties, widely known as "magic mushrooms", though the majority of species do not contain hallucinogenic compounds...
spp. - RhynchosiaRhynchosiaRhynchosia is a genus of plants in the Fabaceae family.Species include:* Rhynchosia americana* Rhynchosia calosperma* Rhynchosia caribaea* Rhynchosia chapmanii* Rhynchosia chimanimaniensis...
spp. - Rivea corymbosaRivea corymbosaTurbina corymbosa Turbina corymbosa Turbina corymbosa ((syn. Rivea corymbosa), the Christmas vine, is a species of morning glory, native throughout Latin America from Mexico in the North to Peru in the South and widely naturalised elsewhere. It is a perennial climbing vine with white flowers, often...
- Salvia divinorumSalvia divinorumSalvia divinorum is a psychoactive plant which can induce dissociative effects and is a potent producer of "visions" and other hallucinatory experiences...
- Solanum carolinense
- Sophora secundiflora
- StrophariaStrophariaThe genus Stropharia is a group of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous ring on the stipe. The scientific name is derived from the Greek 'στροφος/strophos' meaning "belt", in reference to it...
spp. - Tabernanthe iboga
- Tetrapteris methystica
- Vinca rosea (syn. Catharanthus roseus)
- VirolaVirolaVirola, also known as Epená, Patricá, or Cumala, is a genus of medium-sized trees native to the South American rainforest and closely related to other Myristicaceae, such as nutmeg...
spp.
External links
- Text of RS 40:989.1 Louisiana State Law Webpage
- Text of HLS_05RS-52
- UNODC The plant kingdom and hallucinogens, Part I, II, III - This document appears to be the source of information the Louisiana legislators used regarding which species are hallucinogenic.