Logan Fontenelle
Encyclopedia
Logan Fontenelle also known as Shon-ga-ska (White Horse), was a trader of French
and Omaha
ancestry, who served for years as an interpreter to the US Indian agent at the Bellevue Agency
in Nebraska. He was especially important during the negotiations with Omaha leaders in 1853-1854 about ceding land to the United States prior to settlement on a reservation. His mother was a daughter of Big Elk
, the principal chief, and his father was a respected French-American fur trader.
European Americans thought Fontenelle was a chief, but he was never adopted into the tribe. According to tribal practices at the time, which had a patrilineal system, because of his white father, adoption would have been the only way he could have advanced to chief. The Omaha considered him a half-breed
and a "white man." Fontenelle lived on the reservation and died young at the age of 30, killed with five Omaha by an enemy band of Sioux
while on the tribal summer buffalo hunting trip.
Fontenelle acted as an interpreter in Omaha negotiations during 1853-1854 for land cessions, first in Nebraska, with 60 Omaha men and the US Indian agent Gatewood; they came to agreement in January 1854. Later that year, Fontenelle accompanied a delegation of seven gente
chiefs of the Omaha who went to Washington, DC for further talks. Fontenelle was one of the signatories of the treaty. The Omaha were forced to accept changes to the treaty, but signed on that trip to cede 4000000 acres (16,187.4 km²) of Omaha land to the United States. Within a couple of years, the Omaha removed to a reservation in northeast Nebraska in the Blackbird Hills, essentially present-day Thurston County
.
, Nebraska Territory
in 1825. He was the oldest son of four born to Me-um-bane, a daughter of the Omaha principal chief Big Elk
(1770-1846/1853), and her husband the French Creole
fur trader Lucien Fontenelle
from New Orleans. Their other children were Albert (b. 1827), Tecumseh (b. 1829) (named after the Shawnee chief
), Henry (b. 1831) and Susan (b. 1833). The senior Fontenelle sent his sons to St. Louis, Missouri
for their schooling. His daughter Susan was educated at home with her mother and family.
In 1828, Lucien Fontenelle purchased the former Pilcher's Post, becoming the agent at what became known as Fontenelle's Post
, where he represented the American Fur Company
on the Missouri River
in later Bellevue
, Sarpy County, Nebraska
. In 1832, with the fur trade declining sharply, Fontenelle sold the post to the US government. It used the complex for the headquarters of the regional Indian agency, called the Upper Missouri Indian Agency or Bellevue Agency, which administered relations with the Omaha and other regional tribes. In the following decades, the Indian agent had the lead for negotiating with regional tribes for land cessions for sale to American settlers.
at the Bellevue Agency. He also worked as a trader. Fontenelle was present as interpreter in August 1846 when Big Elk
signed an illegal treaty with Brigham Young
to allow the Mormon pioneers to create a settlement
on Omaha territorial lands. Without guns, the tribal leaders were seeking aid from the Mormons for protection from the Sioux, who had been raiding them. They likely thought it a bad deal, as the Mormons consumed many of their local resources and did little to protect them.
Fontenelle allied with the future Omaha chief Joseph La Flesche (1822-1888), a Métis fur trader who had been adopted by the principal chief Big Elk
as his son. About 1848, the Omaha removed to the Bellevue Agency. By that time designated by Big Elk as his successor, LaFlesche brought his family to settle with the tribe.
About this time, LaFlesche and Fontenelle established a ferry over the Platte River
near the present-day site of Columbus, Nebraska
to accommodate increasing migrant traffic. Later, they started another ferry over the Elkhorn River
near Fremont, Nebraska
. After making a profit, they sold the ferries to English immigrants.
, who made frequent raids on them, and means to ensure their future. In January 1854, 60 Omaha met in council to discuss the treaty; they were reluctant to delegate so important a matter even to their gente
chiefs. Together, the large group of men negotiated a treaty with the US Indian Agent Gatewood. Fontenelle acted as the interpreter. It included provision for payments of tribal debts to the traders Fontenelle, Louis Saunsouci, and Peter Sarpy.
The Omaha finally designated seven chiefs: Joseph LaFlesche (Iron Eye), Two Grizzly Bears, Standing Hawk, Little Chief, Village Maker, Noise, and Yellow Smoke to represent them and accompany Gatewood to Washington to conclude the negotiations, but authorized little room for changes. Fontenelle and Saunsouci went with the chiefs as interpreters. Joseph LaFlesche
had been designated by Big Elk as his successor and had become chief of the Wezhinshte gens in 1853. Both he and Fontenelle signed the Treaty of 1854, together with five gente
chiefs, whereby the tribe sold nearly all its land to the government.
The reservation was established on land in the Blackbird Hills, comprising present-day Thurston County
. The terms were changed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs to be less favorable than those negotiated by Gatewood and the 60 Omaha in Nebraska. Among the changes: Omaha were to receive considerably less money for their land, and the President was to have the discretion to distribute the annuities in cash or goods, rather than all in cash. Payments were to be made until 1895.
About 800 Omaha removed to the reservation, and their number increased over the following decades to 1100 in 1881. Under the treaty terms, the Omaha tribe received "$40,000 per annum for three years from January 1, 1855; $30,000 per annum for the next succeeding ten years; $20,000 per annum for the next succeeding fifteen years; and $10,000 per annum for the next succeeding twelve years," to 1895. The President of the United States, based on recommendations by the US Indian Office
(and the agent in the field), was to determine the proportions of the annuity to be received in money and in goods.
Sioux killed and scalped Fontenelle and five of his party, who were part of the Omaha summer buffalo hunt along Beaver Creek in present-day Boone County, Nebraska
. John Bigelk, nephew of Big Elk, described the Sioux attack: "They killed the white man, the interpreter, who was with us." As the historian Melvin Randolph Gilmore noted, Bigelk called Fontenelle "a white man because he had a white father. This was a common designation of half-breeds by full-bloods, just as a mulatto
might commonly be called a [black] by white people, although as much white as black by race." Because the tribe was patrilineal, it considered children's identity to be tied to that of their father.
also used Saunsouci as an interpreter. For some reason, the officials included Fontenelle's name as one of the seven chiefs on the treaty, which he signed, but the name of Two Grizzly Bears was not included, nor did he sign. Fontenelle was the only one of the group who was literate and could read what was on the treaty. Boughter suggests that Gatewood may have represented him as a chief, or the Omaha did to increase his stature. He may have been recognized as a chief because of "charitable acts" and gifts to the tribe.
An 1889 sketch of Joseph LaFlesche in the Bancroft Journal said he was the only chief of the Omaha to have had any European blood; as noted, he was adopted as a son by Big Elk, which was the way he fully entered the tribe. Although A. T. Andreas called Fontenelle the "last great chief" of the Omaha in his 1882 history of Nebraska, the assertion of chieftainship is not supported by the evidence of tribal structure and contemporary views provided in 1919 by Melvin R. Gilmore, curator of the State Historical Society of North Dakota and the 20th-century historian Judith Boughter; it appears that only the whites thought Fontenelle was a chief in his own lifetime and during the decades after his death. As Gilmore noted, the Omaha had a tribal structure that had patrilineal hereditary leadership; because children belonged to their father's gens
, there was no place in the tribe for a child fathered by a European or American, unless the person was officially adopted by a person in the tribe.
French people
The French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups...
and Omaha
Omaha
Omaha may refer to:*Omaha , a Native American tribe that currently resides in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Nebraska-Places:United States* Omaha, Nebraska* Omaha, Arkansas* Omaha, Georgia* Omaha, Illinois* Omaha, Texas...
ancestry, who served for years as an interpreter to the US Indian agent at the Bellevue Agency
Fontenelle's Post
Fontenelle's Post, first known as Pilcher's Post, and the site of the later city of Bellevue, was built in 1822 in the Nebraska Territory by Joshua Pilcher, then president of the Missouri Fur Company. Located on the Missouri River, it developed as one of the first European-American settlements in...
in Nebraska. He was especially important during the negotiations with Omaha leaders in 1853-1854 about ceding land to the United States prior to settlement on a reservation. His mother was a daughter of Big Elk
Big Elk
Big Elk, also known as Ontopanga , was a principal chief of the Omaha tribe for many years on the upper Missouri River. He is notable for his oration delivered at the funeral of Black Buffalo in 1813....
, the principal chief, and his father was a respected French-American fur trader.
European Americans thought Fontenelle was a chief, but he was never adopted into the tribe. According to tribal practices at the time, which had a patrilineal system, because of his white father, adoption would have been the only way he could have advanced to chief. The Omaha considered him a half-breed
Half-breed
Half-breed is an historic term used to describe anyone who is mixed Native American and white European parentage...
and a "white man." Fontenelle lived on the reservation and died young at the age of 30, killed with five Omaha by an enemy band of Sioux
Sioux
The Sioux are Native American and First Nations people in North America. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or any of the nation's many language dialects...
while on the tribal summer buffalo hunting trip.
Fontenelle acted as an interpreter in Omaha negotiations during 1853-1854 for land cessions, first in Nebraska, with 60 Omaha men and the US Indian agent Gatewood; they came to agreement in January 1854. Later that year, Fontenelle accompanied a delegation of seven gente
Gente
-Covers:The Italian-language version of the song was covered in 1995 by Brazilian singer Renato Russo and included in his album Equilibrio distante.-Charts:...
chiefs of the Omaha who went to Washington, DC for further talks. Fontenelle was one of the signatories of the treaty. The Omaha were forced to accept changes to the treaty, but signed on that trip to cede 4000000 acres (16,187.4 km²) of Omaha land to the United States. Within a couple of years, the Omaha removed to a reservation in northeast Nebraska in the Blackbird Hills, essentially present-day Thurston County
Thurston County, Nebraska
-History:Varying cultures of indigenous peoples lived along the rivers for thousands of years before European encounter.Thurston County was organized by European Americans in 1889 from land that had been divided between Dakota and Burt counties since the dissolution of Blackbird County in 1879. It...
.
Early years
Logan Fontenelle was born at Fort AtkinsonFort Atkinson (Nebraska)
Fort Atkinson was the first United States Army post to be established west of the Missouri River in the unorganized region of the Louisiana Purchase of the United States. Located just east of present-day Fort Calhoun, Nebraska, the fort was erected in 1819 and abandoned in 1827...
, Nebraska Territory
Nebraska Territory
The Territory of Nebraska was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854, until March 1, 1867, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Nebraska. The Nebraska Territory was created by the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854...
in 1825. He was the oldest son of four born to Me-um-bane, a daughter of the Omaha principal chief Big Elk
Big Elk
Big Elk, also known as Ontopanga , was a principal chief of the Omaha tribe for many years on the upper Missouri River. He is notable for his oration delivered at the funeral of Black Buffalo in 1813....
(1770-1846/1853), and her husband the French Creole
Louisiana Creole people
Louisiana Creole people refers to those who are descended from the colonial settlers in Louisiana, especially those of French and Spanish descent. The term was first used during colonial times by the settlers to refer to those who were born in the colony, as opposed to those born in the Old World...
fur trader Lucien Fontenelle
Fontenelle's Post
Fontenelle's Post, first known as Pilcher's Post, and the site of the later city of Bellevue, was built in 1822 in the Nebraska Territory by Joshua Pilcher, then president of the Missouri Fur Company. Located on the Missouri River, it developed as one of the first European-American settlements in...
from New Orleans. Their other children were Albert (b. 1827), Tecumseh (b. 1829) (named after the Shawnee chief
Tecumseh
Tecumseh was a Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy which opposed the United States during Tecumseh's War and the War of 1812...
), Henry (b. 1831) and Susan (b. 1833). The senior Fontenelle sent his sons to St. Louis, Missouri
St. Louis, Missouri
St. Louis is an independent city on the eastern border of Missouri, United States. With a population of 319,294, it was the 58th-largest U.S. city at the 2010 U.S. Census. The Greater St...
for their schooling. His daughter Susan was educated at home with her mother and family.
In 1828, Lucien Fontenelle purchased the former Pilcher's Post, becoming the agent at what became known as Fontenelle's Post
Fontenelle's Post
Fontenelle's Post, first known as Pilcher's Post, and the site of the later city of Bellevue, was built in 1822 in the Nebraska Territory by Joshua Pilcher, then president of the Missouri Fur Company. Located on the Missouri River, it developed as one of the first European-American settlements in...
, where he represented the American Fur Company
American Fur Company
The American Fur Company was founded by John Jacob Astor in 1808. The company grew to monopolize the fur trade in the United States by 1830, and became one of the largest businesses in the country. The company was one the first great trusts in American business...
on the Missouri River
Missouri River
The Missouri River flows through the central United States, and is a tributary of the Mississippi River. It is the longest river in North America and drains the third largest area, though only the thirteenth largest by discharge. The Missouri's watershed encompasses most of the American Great...
in later Bellevue
Bellevue, Nebraska
Bellevue is a city in Sarpy County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 50,137 at the 2010 census. Eight miles south of Omaha, Bellevue is part of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area. Originally settled in the 1830s, It was the first state capitol. Bellevue was incorporated in...
, Sarpy County, Nebraska
Sarpy County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 122,595 people, 43,426 households, and 33,220 families residing in the county. The population density was 510 people per square mile . There were 44,981 housing units at an average density of 187 per square mile...
. In 1832, with the fur trade declining sharply, Fontenelle sold the post to the US government. It used the complex for the headquarters of the regional Indian agency, called the Upper Missouri Indian Agency or Bellevue Agency, which administered relations with the Omaha and other regional tribes. In the following decades, the Indian agent had the lead for negotiating with regional tribes for land cessions for sale to American settlers.
Return to Nebraska
After his father died in 1840, the 15-year-old Logan Fontenelle returned from St. Louis to Nebraska, where he began to work as an interpreter for the US Indian AgentIndian agent
In United States history, an Indian agent was an individual authorized to interact with Native American tribes on behalf of the U.S. government.-Indian agents:*Leander Clark was agent for the Sac and Fox in Iowa beginning in 1866....
at the Bellevue Agency. He also worked as a trader. Fontenelle was present as interpreter in August 1846 when Big Elk
Big Elk
Big Elk, also known as Ontopanga , was a principal chief of the Omaha tribe for many years on the upper Missouri River. He is notable for his oration delivered at the funeral of Black Buffalo in 1813....
signed an illegal treaty with Brigham Young
Brigham Young
Brigham Young was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1847 until his death in 1877, he founded Salt Lake City, and he served as the first governor of the Utah...
to allow the Mormon pioneers to create a settlement
Cutler's Park
Cutler's Park was briefly the headquarter camp of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints established by 2500 members as they were making their way westward to the Rocky Mountains...
on Omaha territorial lands. Without guns, the tribal leaders were seeking aid from the Mormons for protection from the Sioux, who had been raiding them. They likely thought it a bad deal, as the Mormons consumed many of their local resources and did little to protect them.
Fontenelle allied with the future Omaha chief Joseph La Flesche (1822-1888), a Métis fur trader who had been adopted by the principal chief Big Elk
Big Elk
Big Elk, also known as Ontopanga , was a principal chief of the Omaha tribe for many years on the upper Missouri River. He is notable for his oration delivered at the funeral of Black Buffalo in 1813....
as his son. About 1848, the Omaha removed to the Bellevue Agency. By that time designated by Big Elk as his successor, LaFlesche brought his family to settle with the tribe.
About this time, LaFlesche and Fontenelle established a ferry over the Platte River
Platte River
The Platte River is a major river in the state of Nebraska and is about long. Measured to its farthest source via its tributary the North Platte River, it flows for over . The Platte River is a tributary of the Missouri River, which in turn is a tributary of the Mississippi River which flows to...
near the present-day site of Columbus, Nebraska
Columbus, Nebraska
Columbus is a city in east central Nebraska, United States. Its population was 22,111 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Platte County.-Pre-settlement history:...
to accommodate increasing migrant traffic. Later, they started another ferry over the Elkhorn River
Elkhorn River
The Elkhorn River originates in the eastern Sandhills of Nebraska and is one of the largest tributaries of the Platte River, flowing and joining the Platte just southwest of Omaha, approximately 1 mile south and 3 miles west of Gretna.Located in northeast and north-central Nebraska, the Elkhorn...
near Fremont, Nebraska
Fremont, Nebraska
Fremont is a city in and the county seat of Dodge County, Nebraska, United States, near Omaha in the eastern part of the state. The population was 26,397 at the 2010 census....
. After making a profit, they sold the ferries to English immigrants.
Treaty negotiations
The US Indian Agent James M. Gatewood had been under pressure by the government to gain a land cession from the Omaha. In turn, they wanted protection from the US government against the SiouxSioux
The Sioux are Native American and First Nations people in North America. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or any of the nation's many language dialects...
, who made frequent raids on them, and means to ensure their future. In January 1854, 60 Omaha met in council to discuss the treaty; they were reluctant to delegate so important a matter even to their gente
Gente
-Covers:The Italian-language version of the song was covered in 1995 by Brazilian singer Renato Russo and included in his album Equilibrio distante.-Charts:...
chiefs. Together, the large group of men negotiated a treaty with the US Indian Agent Gatewood. Fontenelle acted as the interpreter. It included provision for payments of tribal debts to the traders Fontenelle, Louis Saunsouci, and Peter Sarpy.
The Omaha finally designated seven chiefs: Joseph LaFlesche (Iron Eye), Two Grizzly Bears, Standing Hawk, Little Chief, Village Maker, Noise, and Yellow Smoke to represent them and accompany Gatewood to Washington to conclude the negotiations, but authorized little room for changes. Fontenelle and Saunsouci went with the chiefs as interpreters. Joseph LaFlesche
Joseph LaFlesche
Joseph LaFlesche, also known as E-sta-mah-za or Iron Eye , was the last recognized head chief of the Omaha tribe of Native Americans who was selected according to the traditional tribal rituals. The head chief Big Elk had adopted LaFlesche into the Omaha and designated him as his successor....
had been designated by Big Elk as his successor and had become chief of the Wezhinshte gens in 1853. Both he and Fontenelle signed the Treaty of 1854, together with five gente
Gente
-Covers:The Italian-language version of the song was covered in 1995 by Brazilian singer Renato Russo and included in his album Equilibrio distante.-Charts:...
chiefs, whereby the tribe sold nearly all its land to the government.
The reservation was established on land in the Blackbird Hills, comprising present-day Thurston County
Thurston County, Nebraska
-History:Varying cultures of indigenous peoples lived along the rivers for thousands of years before European encounter.Thurston County was organized by European Americans in 1889 from land that had been divided between Dakota and Burt counties since the dissolution of Blackbird County in 1879. It...
. The terms were changed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs to be less favorable than those negotiated by Gatewood and the 60 Omaha in Nebraska. Among the changes: Omaha were to receive considerably less money for their land, and the President was to have the discretion to distribute the annuities in cash or goods, rather than all in cash. Payments were to be made until 1895.
About 800 Omaha removed to the reservation, and their number increased over the following decades to 1100 in 1881. Under the treaty terms, the Omaha tribe received "$40,000 per annum for three years from January 1, 1855; $30,000 per annum for the next succeeding ten years; $20,000 per annum for the next succeeding fifteen years; and $10,000 per annum for the next succeeding twelve years," to 1895. The President of the United States, based on recommendations by the US Indian Office
Bureau of Indian Affairs
The Bureau of Indian Affairs is an agency of the federal government of the United States within the US Department of the Interior. It is responsible for the administration and management of of land held in trust by the United States for Native Americans in the United States, Native American...
(and the agent in the field), was to determine the proportions of the annuity to be received in money and in goods.
Death
In 1855 a band of BruléBrulé
The Brulé are one of the seven branches or bands of the Teton Lakota Sioux American Indian nation. They are known as Sičháŋǧu Oyáte , or "Burnt Thighs Nation," and so, were called Brulé by the French...
Sioux killed and scalped Fontenelle and five of his party, who were part of the Omaha summer buffalo hunt along Beaver Creek in present-day Boone County, Nebraska
Boone County, Nebraska
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 6,259 people, 2,454 households, and 1,700 families residing in the county. The population density was 9 people per square mile . There were 2,733 housing units at an average density of 4 per square mile...
. John Bigelk, nephew of Big Elk, described the Sioux attack: "They killed the white man, the interpreter, who was with us." As the historian Melvin Randolph Gilmore noted, Bigelk called Fontenelle "a white man because he had a white father. This was a common designation of half-breeds by full-bloods, just as a mulatto
Mulatto
Mulatto denotes a person with one white parent and one black parent, or more broadly, a person of mixed black and white ancestry. Contemporary usage of the term varies greatly, and the broader sense of the term makes its application rather subjective, as not all people of mixed white and black...
might commonly be called a [black] by white people, although as much white as black by race." Because the tribe was patrilineal, it considered children's identity to be tied to that of their father.
Chiefdom dispute
Some historians contend that Fontenelle was made a chief of the Omaha in 1853 after the death of Big Elk. This assertion is contradicted by contemporary accounts that, while Fontenelle was respected, only the whites thought he was a chief and went so far as to commemorate him after his death. It appears confusion arose because he accompanied the chiefs to Washington, DC as an interpreter. The Bureau of Indian AffairsBureau of Indian Affairs
The Bureau of Indian Affairs is an agency of the federal government of the United States within the US Department of the Interior. It is responsible for the administration and management of of land held in trust by the United States for Native Americans in the United States, Native American...
also used Saunsouci as an interpreter. For some reason, the officials included Fontenelle's name as one of the seven chiefs on the treaty, which he signed, but the name of Two Grizzly Bears was not included, nor did he sign. Fontenelle was the only one of the group who was literate and could read what was on the treaty. Boughter suggests that Gatewood may have represented him as a chief, or the Omaha did to increase his stature. He may have been recognized as a chief because of "charitable acts" and gifts to the tribe.
An 1889 sketch of Joseph LaFlesche in the Bancroft Journal said he was the only chief of the Omaha to have had any European blood; as noted, he was adopted as a son by Big Elk, which was the way he fully entered the tribe. Although A. T. Andreas called Fontenelle the "last great chief" of the Omaha in his 1882 history of Nebraska, the assertion of chieftainship is not supported by the evidence of tribal structure and contemporary views provided in 1919 by Melvin R. Gilmore, curator of the State Historical Society of North Dakota and the 20th-century historian Judith Boughter; it appears that only the whites thought Fontenelle was a chief in his own lifetime and during the decades after his death. As Gilmore noted, the Omaha had a tribal structure that had patrilineal hereditary leadership; because children belonged to their father's gens
Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens , plural gentes, referred to a family, consisting of all those individuals who shared the same nomen and claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens was called a stirps . The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italy during the...
, there was no place in the tribe for a child fathered by a European or American, unless the person was officially adopted by a person in the tribe.
Legacy
Many European Americans overestimated Fontenelle's influence in the tribe; they honored him with several place names and a monument:- Fontenelle ForestFontenelle ForestFontenelle Forest is a forest, located near Bellevue, Nebraska. Its visitor features include hiking trails, a nature center, children's camps, a gift shop, and picnic facilities. The forest is listed as a National Natural Landmark and a National Historic District...
in BellevueBellevue, NebraskaBellevue is a city in Sarpy County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 50,137 at the 2010 census. Eight miles south of Omaha, Bellevue is part of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area. Originally settled in the 1830s, It was the first state capitol. Bellevue was incorporated in... - Fontenelle BoulevardFontenelle BoulevardFontenelle Boulevard is a roadway in the Omaha boulevard system located on the north end of Omaha, Nebraska. The boulevard shares its namesake Logan Fontenelle with several local institutions and fixtures, including Fontenelle Elementary School and Fontenelle Park.-About:Originally called Boulevard...
in Omaha was designed to take drivers to the town of Fontenelle, Nebraska in Washington CountyWashington County, Nebraska-National protected areas:*Boyer Chute National Wildlife Refuge*DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge -Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 18,780 people, 6,940 households, and 5,149 families residing in the county. The population density was 48 people per square mile . There were 7,408...
. The town was named for Fontenelle after he led a party of white settlers from Illinois to that town's location on a scouting party for land. - Early 1900s, Hotel FontenelleHotel FontenelleHotel Fontenelle was an upscale commercial hotel once located at 1806 Douglas Street in downtown Omaha, Nebraska. Designed by noted architect Thomas Rogers Kimball in the Late Gothic Revival style, it was built in 1914 and demolished in 1983...
, a grand hotel in Omaha. - Logan Fontenelle Housing ProjectLogan Fontenelle Housing ProjectThe Logan Fontenelle Housing Project was a historic public housing site located from 20th to 24th Streets, and from Paul to Seward Streets in the historic Near North Side neighborhood of Omaha, Nebraska, United States. It was built in 1938 by the Public Works Administration for housing working...
, Omaha - The Fontenelle Elementary School, Omaha, and the Logan Fontenelle Middle School, Bellevue.
- A monument was erected to Logan Fontenelle in Petersburg, NebraskaPetersburg, NebraskaPetersburg is a village in Boone County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 374 at the 2000 census. Petersburg is the site of a memorial to Logan Fontenelle, an Omaha chief who was killed near there in a skirmish with Brulé and Arapaho in 1855....
, near the site of his death.
Further reading
- Barak, A. (2000) The Mongrel: A Story of Logan Fontenelle of the Omaha Indians, dramatized account of Fontenelle's life. iUniverse.
External links
- "Treaty with the Omaha, 1854", in Indian Affairs: Treaties By United States, US Dept. of the Interior, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1904, p. 611