Liu Pi
Encyclopedia
Liu Pi was a Yellow Turban rebel
general during the late Han Dynasty
period of Chinese history
.
and Sun Jian
in the early 190s. His party thrived in the Yingchuan (穎川) and Runan region, and by the mid-190s they were numbered at by the tens of thousands. In 196, the warlord Cao Cao
set out against the Yellow Turban remnants; in the battles that ensued, Liu Pi's colleague Huang Shao (黄邵) was killed and Liu surrendered with the other leaders.
As the northern Yuan Shao
declared war on Cao Cao in 200, Liu Pi rebelled against Cao Cao and plundered Xuchang
. Yuan sent Liu Bei
to support Liu Pi, but the combined forces were defeated by Cao Cao's general Cao Ren
; Liu Bei fled back to Yuan Shao and Liu Pi was killed.
The first volume of the Records of the Three Kingdoms contains conflicting accounts about Liu Pi's death: in an earlier passage it states that Liu Pi was killed with Huang Shao during Cao Cao's bandit sweeping campaign in 196, while a later passage in the same volume states he rebelled in 200 and was killed by Cao Ren. Rafe de Crespigny
noted that while it was possible that the group under Liu Pi still kept his name after he died, it is more probable that the first account of Liu Pi's death is premature.
's historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms
, Liu Pi allied with Gong Du
after the fall of the Yellow Turbans and harassed the regions of Yingchuan and Runan. They repelled attacks from Cao Hong
and later coordinated with Yuan Shao against Cao Cao. Later, he requested help from Liu Bei and delivered Runan to him as a base of operations. He died in battle while defending Liu Bei from Cao Cao's general, Gao Lan
.
Yellow Turban Rebellion
The Yellow Turban Rebellion, also translated as Yellow Scarves Rebellion, was a peasant revolt that broke out in 184 AD in China during the reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty...
general during the late Han Dynasty
Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms . It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty of the former regent Wang Mang...
period of Chinese history
History of China
Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era, but the Yellow River is said to be the Cradle of Chinese Civilization. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the world's oldest...
.
Biography
After the decline of the Yellow Turban Rebellion, Liu Pi's men allied themselves with Yuan ShuYuan Shu
Yuan Shu was a warlord during the late Han Dynasty era of Chinese history. He rose to prominence following the collapse of the imperial court in 189. He was said to be a younger cousin of the warlord Yuan Shao, but was actually Yuan Shao's younger half-brother...
and Sun Jian
Sun Jian
Sun Jian was a military general and warlord during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He allied himself with Yuan Shu in 190 when warlords from eastern China formed a coalition to oust Dong Zhuo, a tyrannical warlord who held the puppet Emperor Xian in his power...
in the early 190s. His party thrived in the Yingchuan (穎川) and Runan region, and by the mid-190s they were numbered at by the tens of thousands. In 196, the warlord Cao Cao
Cao Cao
Cao Cao was a warlord and the penultimate chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the dynasty's final years. As one of the central figures of the Three Kingdoms period, he laid the foundations for what was to become the state of Cao Wei and was posthumously titled...
set out against the Yellow Turban remnants; in the battles that ensued, Liu Pi's colleague Huang Shao (黄邵) was killed and Liu surrendered with the other leaders.
As the northern Yuan Shao
Yuan Shao
Yuan Shao was a warlord during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He occupied the northern territories of China during the civil war that occurred towards the end of the Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era...
declared war on Cao Cao in 200, Liu Pi rebelled against Cao Cao and plundered Xuchang
Xuchang
Xuchang is a prefecture-level city in central Henan province in Central China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the northwest, Kaifeng to the northeast, Zhoukou to the east, Luohe to the southeast, and Pingdingshan to the southwest....
. Yuan sent Liu Bei
Liu Bei
Liu Bei , also known as Liu Xuande, was a warlord, military general and later the founding emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history...
to support Liu Pi, but the combined forces were defeated by Cao Cao's general Cao Ren
Cao Ren
Cao Ren was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He played a significant part in assisting Cao Cao in the civil wars leading to the end of the Han Dynasty...
; Liu Bei fled back to Yuan Shao and Liu Pi was killed.
The first volume of the Records of the Three Kingdoms contains conflicting accounts about Liu Pi's death: in an earlier passage it states that Liu Pi was killed with Huang Shao during Cao Cao's bandit sweeping campaign in 196, while a later passage in the same volume states he rebelled in 200 and was killed by Cao Ren. Rafe de Crespigny
Rafe de Crespigny
Dr Rafe de Crespigny is a retired Adjunct Professor with the China and Korea Centre, Australian National University in Canberra, Australia...
noted that while it was possible that the group under Liu Pi still kept his name after he died, it is more probable that the first account of Liu Pi's death is premature.
In fiction
In Luo GuanzhongLuo Guanzhong
Luo Ben , better known by his style name Luo Guanzhong , was a Chinese writer of the early Ming Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was also known as Huhai Sanren...
's historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based on the events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history, starting in 169 and ending with the reunification of the land in...
, Liu Pi allied with Gong Du
Gong Du
Gong Du was a bandit operating against the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty of Chinese history. In 200, Cao Cao's rival Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to Runan to support Gong Du in his operations. The combined forces of Liu Bei and Gong Du were able to kill Cao Cao's general Cai Yang , who was...
after the fall of the Yellow Turbans and harassed the regions of Yingchuan and Runan. They repelled attacks from Cao Hong
Cao Hong
Cao Hong was a military general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He started his career during the late Han Dynasty under the warlord Cao Cao, who was also his cousin.-Early career:...
and later coordinated with Yuan Shao against Cao Cao. Later, he requested help from Liu Bei and delivered Runan to him as a base of operations. He died in battle while defending Liu Bei from Cao Cao's general, Gao Lan
Gao Lan
Gao Lan was a military general serving under the warlord Yuan Shao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He fought in many battles and was respected as a brave man by Yuan. He defected to Cao Cao's side after Yuan's defeat in the Battle of Guandu.-Serving Yuan Shao:Cao Cao and Yuan...
.