The following entries cover events related to science

Science

Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe...

 or technology

Technology

Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures. The word technology comes ;...

 which occurred in the listed year.

1500s

1500

1500 in science

The year 1500 CE in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* June 1–24 - Johannes Werner tracks the movement of a comet.* November 5–6 - Nicolaus Copernicus observes a lunar eclipse from Rome....

  1501

1501 in science

The year 1501 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed below.-Astronomy:* Amerigo Vespucci maps the two stars Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri, as well as the stars of the constellation Crux, which are below the horizon in Europe.-Exploration:* May 20 - Joao da Nova...

  1502

1502 in science

The year 1502 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed below.-Exploration:* January 1 - Portuguese explorers, led by Pedro Álvares Cabral, sail into Guanabara Bay, Brazil, mistaking it for the mouth of a river, which they name Rio de Janeiro.* May 11 - Christopher...

1503

1503 in science

The year 1503 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed below.-Astronomy:* July 23 - Pluto moves outside Neptune's orbit, remaining there for 233 years.-Exploration:...

  1504

1504 in science

The year 1504 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed below.-Cartography:* probable date - Pedro Reinel's Atlantic chart is the earliest known nautical chart with a scale of latitudes, and with a wind rose having a clear fleur-de-lys.-Exploration:* February...

  1505

1505 in science

The year 1505 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed below.-Exploration:* Portuguese reach the Comoros archipelago.* Bermuda is discovered by Spanish explorer Juan de Bermúdez....

1506

1506 in science

The year 1506 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* Possible date - Nicolaus Copernicus begins to write De revolutionibus orbium coelestium...

  1507

1507 in science

The year 1507 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Cartography:* Martin Waldseemüller publishes his Cosmographiae Introductio and accompanying wall map, the first to show and name the Americas as a separate continent.* Johannes Ruysch's map of the world is...

  1508

1508 in science

The year 1508 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Births:* December 9 - Gemma Frisius, Dutch mathematician and cartographer .* approx. date - William Turner, English naturalist ....

1509

1509 in science

The year 1509 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Exploration:* September 11 - Diogo Lopes de Sequeira reaches Malacca, having crossed the Gulf of Bengal.-Mathematics:...

1510

1510 in science

The year 1510 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Births:* October 6 - John Caius, English physician and benefactor .* Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia, Sicilian anatomist .* approx. date...

  1511

1511 in science

The year 1511 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Mathematics:* Charles de Bovelles publishes Géométrie en françoys, the first scientific work printed in French.-Births:...

  1512

1512 in science

The year 1512 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* Possible date - Nicolaus Copernicus begins to write Commentariolus, an abstract of what will eventually become De revolutionibus orbium coelestium; he sends this to other scientists...

  1513

1513 in science

The year 1513 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Exploration and cartography:* March 27 - Juan Ponce de Leon becomes the first European definitely known to sight what is now the territory of the United States, specifically Florida, mistaking it for...

  1514

1514 in science

The year 1514 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Events:* June - Henry Grace à Dieu, at over 1,000 tons the largest warship in the world at this time, is launched at the new Woolwich Dockyard in England....

  1515

1515 in science

The year 1515 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* The last year in which Earth's so-called "second moon" Cruithne apparently orbits the earth.-Zoology:...

  1516

1516 in science

The year 1516 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Exploration:* The Río de la Plata is first explored by Europeans when Spanish navigator Juan Díaz de Solís traverses it during his search for a passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.-Births:*...

  1517

1517 in science

The year 1517 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Medicine:* A third epidemic of sweating sickness in England hits Oxford and Cambridge.-Births:...

  1518

1518 in science

The year 1518 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Mathematics:* Adam Ries publishes Rechnung auff der linihen, describing the use of a calculating board, a kind of two-dimensional abacus, for practical arithmetic.-Medicine:* July – Dancing Plague, a case...

  1519

1519 in science

The year 1519 in science and technology included cmany events, some of which are listed here.-Exploration:* September 20 - Ferdinand Magellan's fleet sets sail from Sanlúcar de Barrameda to find a westabout route to Asia.-Medicine:...

1520

1520 in science

The year 1520 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Exploration:* November 1–28 - Ferdinand Magellan's fleet makes the first passage of the Strait of Magellan and he names the Pacific Ocean.-Births:...

  1521

1521 in science

The year 1521 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* January - Antonio Pigafetta, sailing with Magellan's expedition, observes Magellanic Clouds.-Exploration:...

  1522

1522 in science

The year 1522 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Mathematics:* Adam Ries publishes his popular arithmetical text Rechenung auff der Linihen und Federn....

  1523

1523 in science

The year 1523 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Publications:* Anthony Fitzherbert publishes The Boke of Surveyinge and Improvements and The Boke of Husbandrie .* Maximilianus Transylvanus publishes De Moluccis Insulis, the first account of the Magellan...

  1524

1524 in science

The year 1524 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Exploration and geography:* Giovanni da Verrazano discovers New York Bay....

  1525

1525 in science

The year 1525 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Events:* Albrecht Dürer's book on geometry and perspective, The Painter's Manual is published at Nuremberg...

  1526

1526 in science

The year 1526 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Births:* February 19 - Carolus Clusius, Flemish botanist .* Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, Arab astronomer and inventor ....

  1527

1527 in science

The year 1527 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Mathematics:* Petrus Apianus publishes a handbook of commercial arithmetic, Ein newe und wolgegründete underweisung aller Kauffmanns Rechnung in dreyen Büchern, mit schönen Regeln und fragstücken...

  1528

1528 in science

The year 1528 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Exploration:* November 6 - Spanish conquistador Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and his companions become the first Europeans known to set foot on the territory of Texas.* Jean Fernel publishes...

  1529

1529 in science

The year 1529 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* Petrus Apianus publishes Introductio Cosmographiae, cum quibusdam Geometriae ac Astronomiae principiis eam necessariis ad rem in Ingolstadt....

1530

1530 in science

The year 1530 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Earth sciences:* Georgius Agricola publishes Bermannus, sive de re metallica dialogus, his first work on scientific metallurgy.-Medicine:...

  1531

1531 in science

The year 1531 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* Halley's Comet makes its only appearance this century .-Technology:...

  1532

1532 in science

The year 1532 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* Petrus Apianus publishes at Ingolstadt Ein Bericht der Kurtzer Observation unnd urtels des Jűngst erschinnen Cometen and Quadrans astronomicus Apiani .-Botany:* Otto Brunfels publishes a...

  1533

1533 in science

The year 1533 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* Petrus Apianus publishes at Ingolstadt Apiani Horoscopion and Buch Instrument ....

  1534

1534 in science

The year 1534 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Exploration:* April 20–September 5 - Expedition of Jacques Cartier to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.** May 10 - Cartier reaches Newfoundland....

  1535

1535 in science

The year 1535 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Anatomy:* Jacopo Berengario da Carpi publishes Anatomia Carpi, the first anatomical text with illustrations, in Bologna.-Exploration:...

  1536

1536 in science

The year 1536 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Botany:* Charles Estienne publishes Seminarium, et Plantarium fructiferarum praesertim arborum quae post hortos conseri solent, Denuo auctum & locupletatum...

  1537

1537 in science

The year 1537 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Mathematics:* Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia publishes La Nova Scientia in Venice, applying mathematics to the study of ballistics....

  1538

1538 in science

The year 1538 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Botany:* William Turner's Libellus de re herbaria novus is published in London.-Births:...

  1539

1539 in science

The year 1539 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Cartography:* Olaus Magnus publishes his Carta marina in Italy, the first detailed map of Scandinavia.-Exploration:...

1540

1540 in science

The year 1540 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Chemistry:* Valerius Cordus discovers and describes a method of synthesizing ether by adding sulfuric acid to ethyl alcohol....

  1541

1541 in science

The year 1541 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Cartography:* Gerardus Mercator makes his first terrestrial globe, for Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor....

  1542

1542 in science

The year 1542 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Botany:* Leonhart Fuchs publishes his new herbal De historia stirpium commentarii insignes in Basel.-Physiology and medicine:...

  1543

1543 in science

The year 1543 in science and technology marks the beginning of the Scientific revolution and included many events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:...

  1544

1544 in science

The year 1544 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* Orto botanico di Pisa botanical garden established by Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, under the direction of Luca Ghini, who also creates the first herbarium....

  1545

1545 in science

The year 1545 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* Orto botanico di Padova and di Firenze botanical gardens established.-Mathematics:...

  1546

1546 in science

The year 1546 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Medicine:* Antonio Musa Brassavola of Ferrara publishes the first definitely recorded successful tracheostomy....

  1547

1547 in science

The year 1547 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Events:* John Dee visits the Low Countries to study navigation with Gemma Frisius....

  1548

1548 in science

The year 1548 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Events:* February 14 - Battle of Uedahara: Firearms are used for the first time on the battlefield in Japan....

  1549

1549 in science

The year 1549 in science and technology included some events, a few of which are listed here.-Births:* November 30 - Henry Savile, English polymath and benefactor * Michel Coignet, Flemish scientific instrument-maker...

1550

1550 in science

-Medicine:* approx. date - Establishment of St Thomas's Hospital Medical School in London.-Births:* September 30 - Michael Maestlin, German astronomer and mathematician * John Napier, Scottish mathematician...

  1551

1551 in science

-Astronomy:* Publication of Erasmus Reinhold's ephemeris, the Tabulae prutenicae, helping to disseminate Copernican methods of astronomical calculation.-Botany:* Bolognese naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi begins to collect plants for a herbarium....

  1552

1552 in science

-Life sciences:* In Italy, Bartolomeo Eustachi completes his Tabulae anatomicae, presenting his discoveries on the structure of the inner ear and heart, although it will not be published until 1714....

  1553

1553 in science

The year 1553 CE in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Cryptography:* 'Vigenère cipher' first described by Giovan Battista Bellaso in his book La cifra del. Sig...

  1554

1554 in science

The year 1554 CE in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* Flemish astronomer Johannes Stadius' first published work, Ephemerides novae at auctae, appears in Cologne-Biology:...

  1555  1556  1557  1558  1559

1560

1560 in science

The year 1560 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Events:* The first scientific society, the Academia Secretorum Naturae, is founded in Naples by Giambattista della Porta.-Astronomy:...

  1561

1561 in science

The year 1561 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Cartography:* Bartolomeu Velho produces a for Sebastian of Portugal.-Medicine and physiology:...

  1562

1562 in science

The year 1562 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Mathematics:* Humphrey Baker's arithmetic textbook The Wellspring of Sciences first published in London.-Births:...

  1563

1563 in science

The year 1563 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Medicine and physiology:* June–October - Outbreak of bubonic plague in London kills over 20,000....

  1564

1564 in science

The year 1564 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Births:* February 15 - Galileo Galilei, Pisan astronomer .* March 9 - David Fabricius, Frisian astronomer .-Deaths:...

  1565

1565 in science

The year 1565 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Medicine:* College of Physicians of London empowered to carry out human dissections.-Births:* April 2 - Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer...

  1566

1566 in science

The year 1566 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Biology:* Rembert Dodoens publishes Frumentorum, leguminum, palustrium et aquatilium herbarum, ac eorum quae eo pertinent historia at Anvers....

  1567

1567 in science

The year 1567 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Births:* John Parkinson, English herbalist and botanist -Deaths:* April 19 - Michael Stifel, German mathematician...

  1568

1568 in science

The year 1568 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* Orto Botanico di Bologna botanical garden created under the direction of Ulisse Aldrovandi.-Births:* October 2 - Marin Getaldić, Ragusan mathematician...

  1569

1569 in science

The year 1569 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Cartography:* The Mercator projection is first used in Gerardus Mercator's world map Nova et Aucta Orbis Terrae Descriptio ad Usum Navigantium Emendata....

1570

1570 in science

The year 1570 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Cartography:* May 20 – Abraham Ortelius publishes Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the first modern atlas, in Antwerp.-Earth sciences:...

  1571

1571 in science

The year 1571 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Mathematics:* François Viète begins publication of Francisci Vietœi universalium inspectionum ad canonem mathematicum liber singularis containing many trigonometric tables and formulas on the sine...

  1572

1572 in science

The year 1572 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* November 9 - A supernova, now designated as SN 1572, is first observed in the constellation Cassiopeia by Cornelius Gemma...

  1573

1573 in science

The year 1573 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Births:* January 10 - Simon Marius, German astronomer who named the Galilean moons of Jupiter ....

  1574

1574 in science

The year 1574 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Archaeology:* In Rome , in the river Tiber between the two bridges, the monument base is discovered for a statue of Simon Paeter , with inscription "Simoni Deo Sancto" .-Exploration:* Juan Fernández, a Portuguese...

  1575

1575 in science

The year 1575 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* Cornelius Gemma is credited with publishing the first scientific illustration of the aurora, in his discussion of the 1572 supernova....

  1576

1576 in science

The year 1576 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* August 8 - Work begins on Tycho Brahe's Uraniborg observatory on Hven in Øresund.-Botany:...

  1577

1577 in science

The year 1577 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* The Istanbul observatory of Taqi al-Din is completed.* The Great Comet of 1577 is seen...

  1578

1578 in science

The year 1578 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Medicine:* Cristóbal Acosta publishes a study of Indian pharmacology, Tractado de las drogas y medicinas de las Indias orientales, in Burgos....

  1579

1579 in science

The year 1579 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Exploration:* June 17 - Francis Drake, during his circumnavigation of the world, lands in what is now California, which he claims for Queen Elizabeth I of England as Nova Albion.-Births:* January 12 ...

1580

1580 in science

The year 1580 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Exploration:* September 26 - Francis Drake in the Golden Hind sails into Plymouth having completed the second circumnavigation of the world, westabout, begun in 1577.-Births:* December 1 - Nicolas-Claude...

  1581

1581 in science

The year 1581 in science and technology included some events, some of which are listed here.-Geophysics:* Robert Norman publishes his observations of magnetic dip in .-Births:* Edmund Gunter, English mathematician ....

  1582

1582 in science

The year 1582 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. This year sees the introduction of the Gregorian calendar, promulgated by Pope Gregory XIII in the Papal bull Inter gravissimas on February 24 and based largely on the work of Christopher Clavius...

  1583

1583 in science

The year 1583 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Botany:* Carolus Clusius publishes Rariorum stirpium per Pannonias observatorum Historiae, the earliest book on Alpine flora.-Mathematics:...

  1584

1584 in science

The year 1584 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* Completion of Tycho Brahe's subterranean observatory at Stjerneborg....

  1585

1585 in science

The year 1585 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Mathematics:* John Blagrave publishes The Mathematical Jewel, showing the making and most excellent use of a singular instrument so called, in that it performeth with wonderful dexterity whatever is to be...

  1586

1586 in science

The year 1586 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Botany:* Jacques Daléchamps publishes Historia generalis plantarum in Lyon, describing 2731 plants, a record number for this time.-Cryptography:...

  1587

1587 in science

The year 1587 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Births:* January 5 - Xu Xiake, Chinese explorer and geographer * January 8 - Johannes Fabricius, Frisian astronomer...

  1588

1588 in science

The year 1588 in science and technology, Armada year, included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Astronomy:* Tycho Brahe publishes De mundi aetheri recentioribus phaenomenis in Uraniborg....

  1589

1589 in science

The year 1589 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Exploration:* Publication of first edition of Richard Hakluyt's The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation....

1590

1590 in science

The year 1590 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Optics:* Glass lenses are developed in the Netherlands and used for the first time in microscopes and telescopes....

  1591

1591 in science

The year 1591 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Mathematics:* François Viète publishes In Artem Analyticien Isagoge, introducing the new algebra with innovative use of letters as parameters in equations....

  1592

1592 in science

The year 1592 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* November–December - Appearance of the Guest stars observed by Korean astronomers.-Births:...

  1593

1593 in science

The year 1593 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* Founding of the Jardin des plantes de Montpellier by Pierre Richer de Belleval.* Founding of the Botanischer Garten der Universität Heidelberg....

  1594

1594 in science

The year 1594 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* Tulip bulbs planted by Carolus Clusius in the Hortus Botanicus Leiden, Holland, first flower.-Exploration:...

  1595

1595 in science

The year 1595 in science and technology involved some significant events, some of which are listed here.-Exploration:* July 21 - A Spanish expedition led by Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira makes the first European landing in Polynesia, on the Marquesas Islands....

  1596

1596 in science

The year 1596 in science and technology included some significant events.-Astronomy:* David Fabricius discovers the first non-supernova variable star, Omicron Ceti....

  1597

1597 in science

The year 1597 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman define 12 southern constellations , introduced later by Johann Bayer in the 1603 text Uranometria: Apus, Chamaeleon, Dorado, Grus, Hydrus, Indus, Musca, Pavo,...

  1598

1598 in science

The year 1598 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Exploration:* Spanish prospectors discover the Ojuela Mine.* The northern islands of the Falkland group are discovered.-Zoology:...

  1599

1599 in science

The year 1599 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* January 31 - During an observation of the lunar eclipse, Tycho Brahe discovers that his predictive theory about the movement of the Moon is wrong since the eclipse started 24 minutes before his calculations...

1600s

1600

1600 in science

The year 1600 CE in science and technology included some significant events.-Astronomy:* January 1 - Scotland adopts today as being New Year's Day.* February 4 - Johannes Kepler joins Tycho Brahe as his assistant at the castle of Benátky, near Prague....

  1601

1601 in science

The year 1601 CE in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed below.-Computer science:* January 1 - Retrospectively the epoch reference date from which ANSI dates are counted in COBOL and other computer languages, and the base of file and Active Directory Logon dates in...

  1602

1602 in science

The year 1602 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Thomas Blundeville publishes The Theoriques of the Seuen Planets, assisted by Lancelot Browne.-Exploration:...

  1603

1603 in science

The year 1603 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Johann Bayer publishes the star atlas Uranometria, the first to cover the entire celestial sphere, and introducing a new system of star designation which becomes known as the Bayer designation.-General:* Accademia...

  1604

1604 in science

The year 1604 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* October 9 - Supernova 1604, also known as Kepler's Supernova, is observed...

  1605

1605 in science

The year 1605 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Exploration:* France founds Port Royal in its North American colony of Acadia .-Chemistry:...

  1606

1606 in science

The year 1606 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Exploration:* March - The Duke of York's ship Duyfken, under Captain Willem Janszoon, explores the western coast of Cape York Peninsula....

  1607

1607 in science

The year 1607 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Johannes Kepler records the appearance and motion of a comet, later to be known as Comet Halley.-Technology:* A thermometer is invented by Galileo....

  1608

1608 in science

The year 1608 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Technology:* October - Hans Lippershey applies for patent for the first known telescope....

  1609

1609 in science

The year 1609 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Johannes Kepler publishes Astronomia nova, containing his first two laws of planetary motion.-Exploration:...

1610

1610 in science

The year 1610 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* January 11 - Galileo Galilei observes Jupiter's four largest moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto...

  1611

1611 in science

The year 1611 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* February 27 - Sunspots are first observed by telescope by Frisian astronomers Johannes Fabricius and David Fabricius and Johannes publishes the results of these observations in De Maculis in Sole observatis in...

  1612

1612 in science

The year 1612 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* The first description of the Andromeda Galaxy based on observations by telescope is given by Simon Marius....

  1613

1613 in science

The year 1613 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Galileo Galilei publishes Letters on Sunspots, the first major work on the topic-Medicine:...

  1614

1614 in science

The year 1614 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Medicine:* Felix Plater gives a description of Dupuytren's contracture.* Sanctorius publishes De statica medicina, which will go through five editions in the following century....

  1615

1615 in science

The year 1615 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Johannes Kepler publishes Dissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo in response to Galileo's discovery of Jupiter's moons.-Natural history:...

  1616

1616 in science

The year 1616 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Galileo challenges the Catholic Church, saying Copernicus' theory of the Solar System is correct...

  1617

1617 in science

The year 1617 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* Napier’s Bones, a multiplication device invented by John Napier, is described in his Rabdologiæ, published in Edinburgh.-Medicine:...

  1618

1618 in science

The year 1618 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* March 8–May 15 - Johannes Kepler formulates the third law of planetary motion.* July 20 - Pluto reaches an aphelion....

  1619

1619 in science

The year 1619 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Discoveries:* Lactose is discovered by Fabriccio Bartoletti; the word lactose comes from the Latin word lac which means "milk"....

1620

1620 in science

The year 1620 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* The work of Copernicus is edited and released, as directed by the Congregation of the Index : nine sentences, which state the heliocentric system as certain, are either omitted or changed.-Chemistry:* The...

  1621

1621 in science

The year 1621 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Johann Schreck , also known as Johannes Schreck, Terrenz or Terrentius, introduces the telescope to China.-Botany:...

  1622

1622 in science

The year 1622 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* The slide rule is invented by William Oughtred , an English mathematician, and later becomes the calculating tool of choice until the electronic calculator takes over in the early 1970s.-Physiology and...

  1623

1623 in science

The year 1623 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Births:* June 19 - Blaise Pascal, French mathematician and physicist...

  1624

1624 in science

The year 1624 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Events:* May 25 - The Parliament of England passes the Statute of Monopolies, requiring patent monopolies to show novelty....

  1625

1625 in science

The year 1625 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Chemistry:* Johann Rudolf Glauber discovers sodium sulfate in Austrian spring water.-Births:...

  1626

1626 in science

The year 1626 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Technology:* Cornelius Vermuyden commissioned to drain Hatfield Chase on the Isle of Axholme in Lincolnshire, England.-Births:...

  1627

1627 in science

The year 1627 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Exploration:* The Dutch ship the Gulden Zeepaert, skippered by Francois Thijssen, sails along the south coast of Australia.-Medicine:...

  1628

1628 in science

The year 1628 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Medicine and physiology:* William Harvey publishes his findings about blood circulation in Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus.-Births:...

  1629

1629 in science

The year 1629 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* In London, John Parkinson publishes Paradisi in Sole Paradisus Terrestris: a garden of all sorts of pleasant flowers which our English ayre will permit to be noursed up....

1630

1630 in science

The year 1630 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Technology:* Cornelius Drebbel produces an early form of magic lantern or slide projector.-Births:* September 13 - Olof Rudbeck, Swedish physiologist...

  1631

1631 in science

The year 1631 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* William Oughtred publishes Clavis Mathematicae, introducing the multiplication sign and proportion sign .-Births:...

  1632

1632 in science

The year 1632 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Events:* The University of Tartu in Swedish Livonia is founded.-Astronomy:...

  1633

1633 in science

The year 1633 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Events:* June 22 - Galileo Galilei, the Italian scientist, is convicted of heresy by the Inquisition for his book Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. He is sentenced to house arrest for the remainder of his...

  1634

1634 in science

The year 1634 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* Thomas Johnson begins publishing Mercurius Botanicus, including a list of indigenous British plants.-Mathematics:...

  1635

1635 in science

The year 1635 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* Jardin des Plantes, Paris, planted as a physic garden by Guy de La Brosse.-Births:* May 9 - J. J. Becher, German physician and chemist...

  1636

1636 in science

The year 1636 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Births:* Father Jacques Marquette, French explorer -Deaths:* February 22 - Sanctorius, Italian physiologist...

  1637

1637 in science

The year 1637 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:*René Descartes introduces the Cartesian coordinate system in his work La Géométrie and promotes intellectual rigour in Discours de la méthode pour bien conduire sa raison, et chercher la vérité dans les sciences...

  1638

1638 in science

The year 1638 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Technology:* Galileo performs the first experiment to determine the speed of light. He concludes that the speed of light was finite and measurable.-Births:...

  1639

1639 in science

The year 1639 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Giovanni Battista Zupi observes that the planet Mercury has orbital phases....

1640

1640 in science

The year 1640 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* John Parkinson publishes Theatrum Botanicum:The Theater of Plants, or, An Herbal of a Large Extent.-Exploration:...

  1641

1641 in science

The year 1641 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Technology:* The sealed thermometer is developed with Ferdinand II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, using a glass tube containing alcohol, which freezes well below the freezing point of water....

  1642

1642 in science

The year 1642 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Computing:* 19-year-old Blaise Pascal begins to develop the Pascaline, the first practical mechanical calculator, initially to help with the recording of taxes.-Exploration:...

  1643

1643 in science

The year 1643 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Meteorology:* Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer.-Technology:* A microscope is developed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek of Delft .-Births:...

  1644

1644 in science

The year 1644 AD in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* The Basel problem is posed by Pietro Mengoli, and will puzzle mathematicians until solved by Leonhard Euler in 1731.-Births:...

  1645

1645 in science

The year 1645 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* The Solar cycle enters the 70-year Maunder Minimum.* First published map of the Moon produced by Michael Florent van Langren.-Technology:...

  1646

1646 in science

The year 1646 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Technology:* Pascal's Law, a law of hydrostatics is developed, stating that, in a perfect fluid, the pressure exerted on it anywhere is transmitted equally.-Publications:...

  1647

1647 in science

The year 1647 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Johannes Hevelius publishes the first comparatively detailed map of the Moon in his Selenographia.-Births:...

  1648

1648 in science

The year 1648 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Exploration:* June–September - Semyon Dezhnyov makes the first recorded voyage through the Bering Strait.-Natural history:...

  1649

1649 in science

The year 1649 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* Micheal Jones publishes the first Latin version of René Descartes' La Géométrie. His commentary makes the work understandable to the broader mathematical community...

1650

1650 in science

The year 1650 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:*In Ursa Major, the handle's middle star, Mizar, is noted to be a binary star by Giambattista Riccioli.-Botany:* Begonias are first discovered by Francisco Hernandez....

  1651

1651 in science

The year 1651 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Anatomy:* Jean Pecquet publishes Experimenta nova anatomica which includes his findings on the lymphatic system....

  1652

1652 in science

The year 1652 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Publications:* Nicholas Culpeper publishes his herbal, The English Physitian, or, An astrologo-physical discourse on the vulgar herbs of this nation, being a compleat method of physick, whereby a man may preserve his body in...

  1653

1653 in science

The year 1653 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* Blaise Pascal publishes his Traité du triangle arithmétique in which he describes a convenient tabular presentation for binomial coefficients, now called Pascal's triangle.-Physics:* Blaise Pascal publishes his...

  1654

1654 in science

The year 1654 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* At the prompting of the Chevalier de Méré, Blaise Pascal corresponds with Pierre de Fermat on gambling problems, from which is born the theory of probability.-Physics:...

  1655

1655 in science

The year 1655 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* Botanical garden established at Uppsala University.* Thomas Muffet's Healths Improvement, or, Rules comprizing and discovering the nature, method, and manner of preparing all sorts of food used in this nation is...

  1656

1656 in science

The year 1656 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* Publication in Vienna of Michał Boym's Flora Sinensis, the first book that uses the name "Flora" in this meaning, a book covering the plant world of a region....

  1657

1657 in science

The year 1657 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* Christiaan Huygens writes the first book to be published on probability theory, De ratiociniis in ludo aleae .-Medicine:...

  1658

1658 in science

The year 1658 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Life sciences:* Jan Swammerdam observes red blood cells with the aid of a microscope.-Births:...

  1659

1659 in science

The year 1659 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Christiaan Huygens publishes Systema Saturnium, including the first illustration of the Orion Nebula.-Births:...

1660

1660 in science

The year 1660 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Events:* November 28 - At Gresham College in London, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Robert Moray, meet after a lecture by Wren and resolve to found "a College for the Promoting of...

  1661

1661 in science

The year 1661 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* Marcello Malpighi is the first to observe and correctly describe capillaries when he discovers them in a frog's lung.-Environment:...

  1662

1662 in science

The year 1662 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* February 16 - John Evelyn presents the basic text of his Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber to the College for the Promoting of Physico-Mathematical Experimental Learning, probably...

  1663

1663 in science

The year 1663 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* The first book about games of chance, Girolamo Cardano's Liber de ludo aleae , written in the 1560s, is published.-Births:...

  1664

1664 in science

The year 1664 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* January 18 - Isaac Barrow is appointed first Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge....

  1665

1665 in science

The year 1665 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Cartography:* Publication of the 'Atlas Maior' completed by Joan Blaeu in Amsterdam.-Medicine:...

  1666

1666 in science

The year 1666 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* Sir Isaac Newton develops differential calculus.* Samuel Morland produces several designs of pocket calculating machine and also publishes A New Method of Cryptography.-Physics:* Sir Isaac Newton uses a prism to...

  1667

1667 in science

The year 1667 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* June 24 - The site of the Paris Observatory is located on the Paris Meridian.-History and philosophy of science:* Thomas Sprat publishes .-Mathematics:...

  1668

1668 in science

The year 1668 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* Francesco Redi disproves theories of the spontaneous generation of maggots in putrefying matter.-Mathematics:...

  1669

1669 in science

The year 1669 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Montanari detects the variability of the eclipsing binary Algol.-Biology:...

1670

1670 in science

The year 1670 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* John Ray publishes Catalogus plantarum Angliæ, the basis of all later floras of England.-Earth sciences:...

  1671

1671 in science

The year 1671 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Births:* October 1 - Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician -Deaths:* June 25 - Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Italian astronomer...

  1672

1672 in science

The year 1672 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* John Flamsteed determines the solar parallax from observations of Mars.* Giovanni Cassini discovers Rhea, a satellite of Saturn....

  1673

1673 in science

The year 1673 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Microbiology:* Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's observations with the microscope are first published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.-Births:...

  1674

1674 in science

The year 1674 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Deaths:* Jean Pecquet, French anatomist who discovered the thoracic duct...

  1675

1675 in science

The year 1675 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* March 4 - John Flamsteed appointed as "astronomical observator", in effect, the first Astronomer Royal of England.* Giovanni Cassini discovers Saturn's Cassini Division....

  1676

1676 in science

The year 1676 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Danish astronomer Ole Rømer measures the speed of light by observing the eclipses of Jupiter's moons, obtaining a speed of 140,000 miles per second .* Summer - The Royal Greenwich Observatory, designed by...

  1677

1677 in science

The year 1677 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* Publication of Cocker's Arithmetick: Being a Plain and Familiar Method Suitable to the Meanest Capacity for the Full Understanding of That Incomparable Art, As It Is Now Taught by the Ablest School-Masters in...

  1678

1678 in science

The year 1678 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Edmund Halley publishes a catalogue of 341 southern stars - the first systematic southern sky survey.-Physics:...

  1679

1679 in science

The year 1679 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* Samuel Morland publishes The Doctrine of Interest, both Simple & Compound, probably the first tables produced with the aid of a calculating machine.-Publications:...

1680

1680 in science

The year 1680 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* November 14 NS - Great Comet of 1680 observed by Gottfried Kirch, the first comet discovered by telescope.-Botany:...

  1681

1681 in science

The year 1681 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Births:* August 12 - Vitus Bering, Danish explorer...

  1682

1682 in science

The year 1682 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* A comet is observed, which later becomes known as Comet Halley, after Edmund Halley successfully predicts its return in 1758.-Botany:...

  1683

1683 in science

The year 1683 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Events:* Vauban's manual on fortification, Le Directeur-Général des fortifications, begins publication at The Hague.-Births:...

  1684

1684 in science

The year 1684 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Physics:* Isaac Newton proves that planets moving under an inverse-square force law will obey Kepler's laws-Births:...

  1685

1685 in science

The year 1685 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Medicine:* Govert Bidloo publishes an atlas of human anatomy, Ontleding des menschelyken lichaams, with plates by Gerard de Lairesse.-Technology:...

  1686

1686 in science

The year 1686 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* John Ray begins publication of his Historia Plantarum, including the first biological definition of the term species; also his edition of Francis Willughby's Historia Piscum.-Geology:* Edmund Halley establishes the...

  1687

1687 in science

The year 1687 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* The constellation Triangulum Minus is named by Johannes Hevelius.-Physics:...

  1688

1688 in science

The year 1688 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Births:* January 29 - Emanuel Swedenborg, scientist and theologian * April 4 - Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, astronomer...

  1689

1689 in science

The year 1689 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Events:* Isaac Newton becomes a Member of Parliament.* Godfrey Kneller paints a portrait of Isaac Newton at age 46.-Technology:* A centrifugal pump is invented by Denis Papin....

1690

1690 in science

The year 1690 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Technology:* Denis Papin, while in Leipzig and having observed the mechanical power of atmospheric pressure on his 'digester', he builds a working model of a piston steam engine, the first of its kind.* The first paper money...

  1691

1691 in science

The year 1691 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Technology:* Edmond Halley devises a diving bell.* In music, the "equal temperament scale" used in today's music is developed by organist Andreas Werkmeister.-Births:...

  1692

1692 in science

The year 1692 in science and technology:-Events:* In the American colonies, the Salem Witch trials develop, following 250 years of witch-hunts in Europe.-Mathematics:...

  1693

1693 in science

The year 1693 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Actuarial science:* Edmond Halley publishes an article in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society on life annuities featuring a life table constructed on the basis of statistics from Breslau provided by Caspar Neumann....

  1694

1694 in science

The year 1694 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* Joseph Pitton de Tournefort publishes Éléments de botanique ou méthode pour reconnaître les plantes....

  1695

1695 in science

The year 1695 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Events:* Gottfried Leibniz publishes his "New System of the Nature and Communication of Substances"....

  1696

1696 in science

The year 1696 in science and technology involved some significant events.-History of science:* Daniel Le Clerc publishes Histoire de la médecine in Geneva, the first comprehensive work on the subject.-Mathematics:...

  1697

1697 in science

The year 1697 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Deaths:* January 26 - Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician...

  1698

1698 in science

The year 1698 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Christiaan Huygens, in his posthumously published book Cosmotheros, argues that other planets in the solar system are inhabited, starting a debate that extends into the 20th century.-Exploration:* November - HMS...

  1699

1699 in science

The year 1699 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Exploration:* approx. date - Sir Isaac Newton develops a reflecting quadrant.-Paleontology:...

1700s

1700

1700 in science

The year 1700 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Exploration:* Edmond Halley, aboard HMS Paramour, observes the Antarctic Convergence.-Geology:...

  1701

1701 in science

The year 1701 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Earth sciences:* Edmond Halley's General Chart of the Variation of the Compass is first published, the first to show magnetic declination and the first on which isogonic, or Halleyan, lines appear.-Medicine:* Italian...

  1702

1702 in science

The year 1702 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* April 20 - Comet of 1702 : The 10th-closest comet approach in history, it missed Earth by a distance of 0.0437 AU ....

  1703

1703 in science

The year 1703 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* Charles Plumier's Nova plantarum Americanarum genera is published in Paris...

  1704

1704 in science

The year 1704 in science and technology involved some significant events.-General:* John Harris publishes the first edition of the Lexicon Technicum, an encyclopedic dictionary of science.-Astronomy:* approx...

  1705

1705 in science

The year 1705 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Edmond Halley, in his Synopsis Astronomia Cometicae, states that comets seen in 1456, 1531, 1607, and 1682 were actually a single comet and correctly predicts that it will return in 1758.-Births:* February 22 -...

  1706

1706 in science

The year 1706 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* William Jones publishes Synopsis palmariorum matheseos or, A New Introduction to the Mathematics, Containing the Principles of Arithmetic and Geometry Demonstrated in a Short and Easie Method ... Designed for .....

  1707

1707 in science

The year 1707 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Geology:*December 16 - Beginning of the last recorded eruption of Mount Fuji in Japan.-Mathematics:...

  1708

1708 in science

The year 1708 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Medicine:* Herman Boerhaave publishes Institutiones medicae, one of the earliest textbooks on physiology.-Technology:...

  1709

1709 in science

The year 1709 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Physics:* Francis Hauksbee publishes Physico-Mechanical Experiments on Various Subjects, summarizing the results of his many experiments with electricity and other topics....

1710

1710 in science

The year 1710 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Events:* The Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala is founded in Uppsala, Sweden, as the Collegium curiosorum .-Physiology and medicine:...

  1711

1711 in science

The year 1711 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli shows that coral is an animal rather than a plant as previously thought.-Mathematics:...

  1712

1712 in science

The year 1712 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* John Flamsteed's Historia Coelestis Britannica is first published, against his will and without credit by Isaac Newton and Edmond Halley, introducing Flamsteed designations. -Mathematics:* Giacomo F...

  1713

1713 in science

The year 1713 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* John Rowley of London produces an orrery to a commission by Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery.-Mathematics:* September 9 - Nicolas Bernoulli first describes the St...

  1714

1714 in science

The year 1714 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* March - Roger Cotes publishes Logometrica in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society...

  1715

1715 in science

The year 1715 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* May 3 - Total solar eclipse across southern England, Sweden and Finland ....

  1716

1716 in science

The year 1716 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Births:* January 12 - Antonio de Ulloa, Spanish explorer * March 6 - Pehr Kalm, Swedish botanist and explorer...

  1717

1717 in science

The year 1717 in science and technology involved few significant events.-Biology:* James Petiver publishes Papilionum Brittaniae Icones, the first book devoted exclusively to British butterflies, giving English names to a number of species.-Births:...

  1718

1718 in science

The year 1718 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* Abraham de Moivre publishes The Doctrine of Chances: a method of calculating the probabilities of events in play in English, which goes through several editions....

  1719

1719 in science

The year 1719 in science and technology involved some significant events some of which are enumerated here.-Botany:* Johann Jacob Dillenius publishes Catalogus plantarum sponte circa Gissam nascentium.-Births:...

1720

1720 in science

The year 1720 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Medicine:* Dr Steevens' Hospital is established at Kilmainham, Dublin.* Great Plague of Marseille, the last major outbreak of bubonic plague in Europe.-Technology:...

  1721

1721 in science

The year 1721 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Medicine:* The use of ether is developed as a pain-killer.* Lady Mary Wortley Montagu introduces the Ottoman Turkish method of inoculation against smallpox – variolation – to London.* Thomas Guy founds Guy's...

  1722

1722 in science

The year 1722 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Chemistry:* René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur publishes his work on metallurgy, L'Arte de convertir le fer forge en acier, which describes how to convert iron into steel....

  1723

1723 in science

The year 1723 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Geophysics:* George Graham discovers diurnal variation in Earth's magnetic field....

  1724

1724 in science

The year 1724 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Events:* January 28 - The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences is founded by Peter I of Russia.-Mathematics:...

  1725

1725 in science

The year 1725 in science and technology involved some significant events.-History of science:* John Freind begins publication of The History of Physick, from the time of Galen to the beginning of the sixteenth century, chiefly with regard to practice, the first comprehensive history of medicine in...

  1726

1726 in science

The year 1726 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Technology:* For clocks, the gridiron pendulum is developed by John Harrison, as a pendulum that compensates for temperature errors: a grid of alternating brass and steel rods is arranged so that the heat is...

  1727

1727 in science

The year 1727 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Maharaja Jai Singh II begins construction of the Jantar Mantar observatory at Jaipur.-Biology:* Rev...

  1728

1728 in science

The year 1728 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* James Bradley uses stellar aberration to calculate the speed of light to be approximately 301 000 km/s....

  1729

1729 in science

The year 1729 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* January 9 & 16 - James Bradley, in a letter written to Edmond Halley and read before the Royal Society, describes his discovery of aberration of starlight.* August 1 - Fr...

1730

1730 in science

The year 1730 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Physics:* The Reaumur scale is developed by French naturalist René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, with 0° = the freezing point of water and 80° = the boiling point.-Technology:...

  1731

1731 in science

The year 1731 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Agriculture:* Jethro Tull publishes The New Horse-Houghing Husbandry; or, an essay on the principles of tillage and vegetation in England.-Astronomy:...

  1732

1732 in science

The year 1732 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Inventions:* Pitot develops the Pitot tube used for measuring flow velocity under the Seine bridges.-Astronomy:...

  1733

1733 in science

The year 1733 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Physiology and medicine:* Rev. Stephen Hales publishes Hæmastaticks, the second volume of his Statical Essays, in London, containing the results of his experiments in measuring blood pressure.-Inventions:* May 26 - The flying...

  1734

1734 in science

The year 1734 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* George Berkeley publishes The Analyst, an empiricist critique of the foundations of infinitesimal calculus, influential in the development of mathematics.-Zoology:...

  1735

1735 in science

The year 1735 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* July 11 - Pluto enters a fourteen year period inside the orbit of Neptune, which will not recur until 1979.-Chemistry:...

  1736

1736 in science

The year 1736 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* Charles Marie de La Condamine, with François Fresneau Gataudière, makes the first scientific observations of rubber, in Ecuador.-Earth sciences:...

  1737

1737 in science

The year 1737 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* May 28 - The planet Venus passes in front of Mercury. The event is witnessed during the evening by amateur astronomer John Bevis at the Royal Greenwich Observatory in England...

  1738

1738 in science

The year 1738 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* Publication of Hortus Cliffortianus, a detailed description by Linnaeus of George Clifford's gardens at Hartekamp, Netherlands, including the raising of exotic plants such as bananas in a greenhouse.-Medicine:*...

  1739

1739 in science

The year 1739 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Exploration:* January 1 - Bouvet Island is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier in the South Atlantic Ocean.-Mathematics:...

1740

1740 in science

The year 1740 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Physics:* Jacques-Barthélemy Micheli du Crest created a spirit thermometer, making use of two fixed points, 0 for "Temperature of earth" based on a cave at Paris Observatory and 100 for the heat of boiling water.* Émilie du...

  1741

1741 in science

The year 1741 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Medicine:* Nicolas Andry publishes Orthopédie, giving a name to the discipline of orthopedics.-Births:...

  1742

1742 in science

The year 1742 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Technology:* Benjamin Robins publishes his in London, containing a description of his ballistic pendulum and the results of his scientific experiments into improvements in ballistics.-Births:* May 18 - Lionel Lukin, English...

  1743

1743 in science

The year 1743 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* November 29 - Discovery of C/1743 X1, the 'Great Comet of 1744' , by Jan de Munck at Middelburg and subsequently by de Chéseaux and Klinkenberg.-Geology:...

  1744

1744 in science

The year 1744 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Great Comet of 1744, first sighted in 1743, remains visible until April .-Births:...

  1745

1745 in science

The year 1745 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:*The Omega Nebula, Messier 25, Messier 35, and IC 4665 are discovered by Philippe Loys de Chéseaux.-Biology:...

  1746

1746 in science

The year 1746 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Chemistry:* John Roebuck invents the lead-chamber process for the manufacture of sulfuric acid....

  1747

1747 in science

The year 1747 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Anatomy:* Bernhard Siegfried Albinus , with the help of the artist Jan Wandelaar , produces the most exact account of the bones and muscles of the human body in Tabulae Sceleti et Musculorum Corporis Humani.* Albrecht von...

  1748

1748 in science

The year 1748 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Chemistry:* Thomas Frye of the Bow porcelain factory in London produces bone china.-Mathematics:...

  1749

1749 in science

The year 1749 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Pierre Bouguer publishes in Paris, describing some of the results of his work with Charles Marie de La Condamine on the French Geodesic Mission to Peru to measure a degree of the meridian arc near the...

1750

1750 in science

The year 1750 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Thomas Wright suggests that the Milky Way Galaxy is a disk-shaped system of stars with the solar system near the centre.-Exploration:...

  1751

1751 in science

The year 1751 in science and technology involved some significant events.#-Astronomy:* The globular cluster 47 Tucanae , visible with the unaided eye from the southern hemisphere, is discovered by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, who catalogues it in his list of southern nebulous...

  1752

1752 in science

The year 1752 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Chemistry:* Thomas Melvill delivers a lecture entitled Observations on light and colours to the Medical Society of Edinburgh, a precursor of flame emission spectroscopy....

  1753

1753 in science

The year 1753 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Ruđer Bošković's De lunae atmosphaera demonstrates the lack of atmosphere on the Moon.-Botany:...

  1754

1754 in science

The year 1754 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Immanuel Kant, German philosopher, postulates retardation of Earth's orbit.-Chemistry:* Joseph Black, Scottish chemist, discovers carbonic acid gas-Mathematics:...

  1755

1755 in science

The year 1755 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Chemistry:* Joseph Black describes his discovery of carbon dioxide and magnesium in a paper to the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh.-Earth sciences:...

  1756

1756 in science

The year 1756 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Chemistry:* Joseph Black describes how carbonates become more alkaline when they lose carbon dioxide, whereas the taking-up of carbon dioxide reconverts them....

  1757

1757 in science

The year 1757 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Tobias Mayer presents accurate tables of the Moon's motion to the Board of Longitude in Great Britain.-Medicine:...

  1758

1758 in science

The year 1758 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Comet Halley reappears as predicted by Edmond Halley in 1705.-Medicine:* Angélique du Coudray demonstrates the first obstetric mannequin.-Physics:...

  1759

1759 in science

The year 1759 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* Caspar Friedrich Wolff's dissertation at the University of Halle Theoria Generationis supports the theory of epigenesis.-Botany:...

1760

1760 in science

The year 1760 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Chemistry:* Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt investigates inks based on cobalt salts and isolates cacodyl from cobalt mineral containing arsenic, pioneering work in organometallic chemistry.-Geology:* John Michell suggests...

  1761

1761 in science

The year 1761 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* June 6 - The first transit of Venus since Edmond Halley suggested that its observation could determine the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Joseph-Nicolas Delisle set up a 62-station network for...

  1762

1762 in science

The year 1762 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* September – Society for Equitable Assurances on Lives and Survivorships is established in London, pioneering mutual insurance using a method of actuarial science devised by mathematician James Dodson.* Johann...

  1763

1763 in science

The year 1763 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Publication of Nicolas Louis de Lacaille's Coelum australe stelliferum, cataloguing all his data from the southern hemisphere and including about 10,000 stars and a number of brighter star clusters and nebulae.*...

  1764

1764 in science

The year 1764 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Technology:* The spinning jenny, a multi-spool spinning wheel, is invented by James Hargreaves in Stanhill, near Blackburn, Lancashire, England.-Births:...

  1765

1765 in science

The year 1765 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Technology:* James Watt makes a breakthrough in the development of the steam engine by constructing a model with a separate condenser.-Births:...

  1766

1766 in science

The year 1766 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* Moses Harris publishes The Aurelian, or, natural history of English insects; namely, moths and butterflies.-Chemistry:...

  1767

1767 in science

The year 1767 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Agriculture:* Arthur Young publishes The farmer's letters to the people of England, containing the sentiments of a practical husbandman .....

  1768

1768 in science

The year 1768 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* Caspar Friedrich Wolff begins publication of "De Formatione Intestinarum" in the Mémoires of The Imperial Academy of Arts and Sciences The year 1768 in science and technology involved some significant...

  1769

1769 in science

The year 1769 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* June 3 - Transit of Venus is observed from many places in order to obtain data for measuring the distance from the Earth to the Sun...

1770

1770 in science

The year 1770 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* Arthur Young publishes A Course of Experimental Agriculture in England.-Chemistry:...

  1771

1771 in science

The year 1771 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Events:* Society of Civil Engineers first meets , the world's oldest engineering society.-Exploration:...

  1772

1772 in science

The year 1772 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Cartography:* Johann Heinrich Lambert publishes seven new map projections, including the Lambert conformal conic, Transverse Mercator and Lambert azimuthal equal area.-Chemistry:...

  1773

1773 in science

The year 1773 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* October 13 - French astronomer Charles Messier discovers the Whirlpool Galaxy , an interacting, grand-design spiral galaxy located at a distance of approximately 23 million light-years in the constellation Canes...

  1774

1774 in science

The year 1774 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Chemistry:* August 1 - Joseph Priestley, working at Bowood House, Wiltshire, England, isolates oxygen in the form of a gas, which he calls "dephlogisticated air"....

  1775

1775 in science

The year 1775 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Events:*February 21 - La Specola, Florence's Museum of Zoology and Natural History, opens to the public.-Chemistry:...

  1776

1776 in science

The year 1776 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* William Withering publishes The botanical arrangement of all the vegetables naturally growing in Great Britain, the first flora in English based on Linnaean taxonomy....

  1777

1777 in science

The year 1777 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* Leonhard Euler introduces the symbol i to represent the square root of -1.-Births:* February 12 - Bernard Courtois, chemist...

  1778

1778 in science

The year 1778 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Geoscience:* James Rennell publishes a chart and memoir of the Agulhas Current, one of the first contributions to scientific oceanography.-Medicine:...

  1779

1779 in science

The year 1779 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* March 23 - Edward Pigott discovers the Black Eye Galaxy .* May 5 - The spiral galaxy M61 is discovered in the constellation Virgo by Barnabus Oriani.-Technology:...

1780

1780 in science

The year 1780 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Health:* Clément-Joseph Tissot publishes Gymnastique médicinale et chirurgicale, ou, essai sur l'utilité du mouvement, ou des différens exercices du corps, et du repos dans la cure des malades in Paris, the first text on the...

  1781

1781 in science

The year 1781 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* William Herschel discovers Uranus.* Charles Messier publishes final catalogue of Messier objects.* March 20 - Pierre Méchain discovers dwarf galaxy NGC 5195.-Biology:...

  1782

1782 in science

The year 1782 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Aviation:* December 14 - The Montgolfier brothers first test fly a hot air balloon; it floats nearly .-Births:...

  1783

1783 in science

The year 1783 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Aviation:* June 5 - The Montgolfier brothers send up at Annonay, near Lyon, a 900 m linen hot air balloon as a public demonstration...

  1784

1784 in science

The year 1784 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* Publication of the Annals of Agriculture edited by Arthur Young begins in Great Britain....

  1785

1785 in science

The year 1785 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Aviation:* January 7 - Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England to Calais, France in a gas balloon, becoming the first to cross the English Channel by air.-Biology:* Antoine...

  1786

1786 in science

The year 1786 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Births:* January 5 - Thomas Nuttall, English naturalist * February 26 - François Arago, French mathematician, physicist, and astronomer -Deaths:...

  1787

1787 in science

The year 1787 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* January 11 - William Herschel discovers Titania and Oberon, the first moons of Uranus found.-Biology:...

  1788

1788 in science

The year 1788 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* Thomas Walter publishes Flora Caroliniana, the first Flora of North America to follow Linnaean taxonomy....

  1789

1789 in science

The year 1789 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Anatomy:* Antonio Scarpa publishes Anatomicæ disquisitiones de auditu et olfactu, a classic treatise on the hearing and olfactory organs.-Astronomy:...

1790

1790 in science

The year 1790 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Armagh Observatory founded by Richard Robinson, 1st Baron Rokeby, Archbishop of Armagh.-Biology:...

  1791

1791 in science

The year 1791 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard begins publication of Histoire des champignons de la France, a significant text in mycology....

  1792

1792 in science

The year 1792 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach publishes The Tables of the Sun, an essential work for navigation....

  1793

1793 in science

The year 1793 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Events:* October 24 - The French Republican Calendar, devised by Gilbert Romme, is adopted by the National Convention.-Biology:...

  1794

1794 in science

The year 1794 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Anatomy:* Antonio Scarpa publishes Tabulae neurologicae ad illustrandam historiam cardiacorum nervorum, noni nervorum cerebri, glossopharingei et pharingei, the first work to give an accurate depiction of cardiac innervation,...

  1795

1795 in science

The year 1795 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* December 13 - A meteorite falls to earth at Wold Newton, East Riding of Yorkshire, England, the first to be recognised in modern times.-Metrology:...

  1796

1796 in science

The year 1796 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Pierre-Simon Laplace publishes Exposition du système du monde, his work on astronomy following Newton and Lagrange...

  1797

1797 in science

The year 1797 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Births:* January 14 - Wilhelm Beer, Prussian astronomer * April 29 - George Don, Scottish botanist * November 14 - Charles Lyell, Scottish geologist...

  1798

1798 in science

The year 1798 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Chemistry:* The element beryllium is discovered by Louis Vauquelin as the oxide in beryl and in emeralds. Friedrich Wöhler and A. A...

  1799

1799 in science

The year 1799 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.-Archaeology:* July 15 - In the Egyptian port city of Rosetta , French Captain Pierre Bouchard finds the Rosetta Stone, which will become the key to deciphering ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing.* July 25 -...

1800s

1800

1800 in science

The year 1800 in science and technology included many significant events.-Astronomy:* The central star of the Ring Nebula is discovered by Fredrich von Hahn: the central star is a white dwarf star with a temperature of between 100000 and 120000 K....

  1801

1801 in science

The year 1801 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* January 1 - Italian astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi makes the first discovery of an asteroid, Ceres, which is briefly considered to be the eighth planet....

  1802

1802 in science

The year 1802 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* March 28 - H. W. Olbers discovers the second asteroid Pallas....

  1803

1803 in science

The year 1803 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* April 26 - A meteorite shower falls on L'Aigle in Normandy; Jean Baptiste Biot demonstrates that they are of extraterrestrial origin.-Botany:...

  1804

1804 in science

The year 1804 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space science:* April 5 - High Possil meteorite falls in Scotland.* September 1 - Karl Ludwig Harding discovers the asteroid Juno.-Botany:...

  1805

1805 in science

Significant events in 1805 in science and technology are listed.-Biology:* Jean Henri Jaume Saint-Hilaire publishes Exposition des Familles naturelles et de la Germination des Plantes, contentant la description de 2337 genres et d'environ 4000 espèces, 112 planches dont les figures ont ete...

  1806

1806 in science

The year 1806 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Botany:* Publication begins in London of the Flora Graeca collected by John Sibthorp.-Mathematics:* Jean-Robert Argand introduces the Argand diagram....

  1807

1807 in science

The year 1807 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* March 29 - H. W. Olbers discovers the asteroid which Carl Friedrich Gauss names Vesta.-Chemistry:* Potassium and sodium are isolated by Sir Humphry Davy....

  1808

1808 in science

The year 1808 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Barium, calcium, magnesium, and strontium isolated by Sir Humphry Davy.* Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac formulates the law of combining volumes for gases....

  1809

1809 in science

The year 1809 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Carl Friedrich Gauss publishes Theoria motus corporum coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientum in Hamburg, introducing the Gaussian gravitational constant and containing an influential...

1810

1810 in science

The year 1810 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Medicine:* John Haslam, resident apothecary at Bethlem Hospital in London, produces the book Illustrations of Madness: Exhibiting a Singular Case of Insanity, And a No Less Remarkable Difference in Medical...

  1811

1811 in science

The year 1811 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger publishes Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium, an updating of Linnean taxonomy and a major influence on the concept of the 'Family' in biology...

  1812

1812 in science

The year 1812 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Humphry Davy publishes in London.-Geophysics:...

  1813

1813 in science

The year 1813 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Charles Waterton begins the process of turning his estate at Walton Hall, West Yorkshire, England, into what is, in effect, the world's first nature reserve....

  1814

1814 in science

The year 1814 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* J. Jacob Berzelius publishes Försök att genom användandet af den electrokemiska theorien och de kemiska proportionerna grundlägga ett rent vettenskapligt system för mineralogien The year 1814 in...

  1815

1815 in science

The year 1815 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Jean-Baptiste Lamarck begins publication of Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres.-Chemistry:...

  1816

1816 in science

The year 1816 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Medicine:* René Laennec invents the stethoscope.* Caleb Parry publishes An Experimental Inquiry into the Nature, Cause and Varieties of the Arterial Pulse, describing the mechanisms for the pulse.-Mineralogy:*...

  1817

1817 in science

The year 1817 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Discovery of cadmium by Friedrich Strohmeyer.* Discovery of lithium by Johann Arfvedson.* Discovery of selenium by Jöns Jakob Berzelius....

  1818

1818 in science

The year 1818 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* January 3 - Venus occults Jupiter, last occultation of one planet by another before 22 November 2065.-Exploration:...

  1819

1819 in science

The year 1819 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Exploration:* A British Arctic expedition under William Edward Parry comprising HMS Hecla and HMS Griper reaches longitude 112°51' W in the Northwest Passage, the furthest west which will be attained by any...

1820

1820 in science

The year 1820 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Christian Friedrich Nasse formulates Nasse's law: hemophilia occurs only in males and is transmitted by asymptomatic females.-Chemistry:...

  1821

1821 in science

The year 1821 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Johann Franz Encke calculates that Comet Encke has a periodic orbit, the second comet after Comet Halley for which this has been discovered....

  1822

1822 in science

The year 1822 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Geology:* Friedrich Mohs introduces his system of classifying minerals and his scale of mineral hardness....

  1823

1823 in science

The year 1823 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Olbers' paradox is described by the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers.* December 29 - Great Comet of 1823 first observed.-Chemistry:...

  1824

1824 in science

The year 1824 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Events:* January 8 - After much controversy, Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of the Royal Society with only one vote against him.-Astronomy:...

  1825

1825 in science

The year 1825 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Pierre-Simon Laplace completes his study of gravitation, the stability of the solar system, tides, the precession of the equinoxes, the libration of the Moon, and Saturn's rings in Mecanique...

  1826

1826 in science

The year 1826 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Antoine Jerome Balard isolates bromine.* Michael Faraday determines the chemical formula of naphthalene.-Mathematics:...

  1827

1827 in science

The year 1827 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Aluminium isolated by Friedrich Wöhler.* William Prout classifies the components of food into the three main divisions of carbohydrates, fats and proteins....

  1828

1828 in science

The year 1828 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Félix Savary computes the first orbit of a visual double star when he calculates the orbit of the double star Xi Ursae Majoris.-Biochemistry:...

  1829

1829 in science

The year 1829 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Isaac Holden produces a form of friction match.-Mathematics:...

1830

1830 in science

The year 1830 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* March 16 - Great Comet of 1830 first observed in Mauritius....

  1831

1831 in science

The year 1831 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* January 7 - Great Comet of 1831 first observed by John Herapath....

  1832

1832 in science

The year 1832 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire begins publication of Histoire générale et particulière des anomalies de l’organisation chez l’homme et les animaux, a key text on teratology.-Exploration:* April 21 -...

  1833

1833 in science

The year 1833 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* November 12–13 - A spectacular occurrence of the Leonid meteor shower is observed over Alabama.-Biology:...

  1834

1834 in science

The year 1834 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Events:* March - William Whewell first publishes the term scientist in the Quarterly Review, but notes it as "not generally palatable"....

  1835

1835 in science

The year 1835 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* August 5 - First sighting of the return of Comet Halley by Father Dumouchel, director of the Collegio Romano at the Vatican. It is next seen on August 21 by Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve at the...

  1836

1836 in science

The year 1836 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* May 15 - Francis Baily, during an eclipse of the sun, observes the phenomenon named after him as Baily's beads.-Biology:...

  1837

1837 in science

The year 1837 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* August 9 - Edward C. Herrick, in New Haven, Connecticut, identifies the Perseids as an annual phenomenon....

  1838

1838 in science

The year 1838 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel makes the first accurate measurement of distance to a star, 61 Cygni, using parallax...

  1839

1839 in science

The year 1839 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* January - The first parallax measurement of the distance to Alpha Centauri is published by Thomas Henderson.-Biology:...

1840

1840 in science

The year 1840 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Events:* William Whewell publishes the term scientist....

  1841

1841 in science

The year 1841 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley demonstrates that Phytophthora infestans is a fungal infection....

  1842

1842 in science

The year 1842 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Exploration:* Antarctic explorer James Clark Ross charts the eastern side of James Ross Island and on January 23 reaches a Farthest South of 78°09'30"S.-Medicine:...

  1843

1843 in science

The year 1843 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* February 5–April 19 - "Great March Comet" observed....

  1844

1844 in science

The year 1844 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Friedrich Bessel explains the wobbling motions of Sirius and Procyon by suggesting that these stars have dark companions.-Biology:...

  1845

1845 in science

The year 1845 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Events:* January 14 – Physikalische Gesellschaft zu Berlin established and begins publishing Fortschritte der Physik and Verhandlungen....

  1846

1846 in science

The year 1846 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* February 20 - Francesco de Vico discovers comet 122P/de Vico....

  1847

1847 in science

The year 1847 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Nitroglycerin, at first called pyroglycerine, first synthesized by Ascanio Sobrero.-Mathematics:...

  1848

1848 in science

The year 1848 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Events:* September 20 - The American Association for the Advancement of Science is set up in Pennsylvania by re-formation of the Association of American Geologists and Naturalists, with William Charles Redfield...

  1849

1849 in science

The year 1849 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Édouard Roche finds the limiting radius of tidal destruction and tidal creation for a body held together only by its self gravity, called the Roche limit, and uses it to explain why Saturn's rings do...

1850

1850 in science

The year 1850 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* October 17 - James Young patents a method of distilling paraffin from coal.-Mathematics:* Thomas Kirkman proposes Kirkman's schoolgirl problem.* J. J...

  1851

1851 in science

The year 1851 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* February - First public exhibition of a Foucault pendulum, at the Meridian of the Paris Observatory, demonstrating the Earth's rotation...

  1852

1852 in science

The year 1852 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Aeronautics:* September 24 - French engineer Henri Giffard makes the first airship trip, from Paris to Trappes.-Medicine:...

  1853

1853 in science

The year 1853 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* March 17 - Claude Bernard presents his doctoral thesis describing the glycogenetic function of the liver....

  1854

1854 in science

The year 1854 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* July 22 - Discovery of the asteroid 30 Urania by John Russell Hind....

  1855

1855 in science

The year 1855 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Events:* Opening of Eidgenössische Polytechnische Schule in Zurich, Switzerland.-Biology:...

  1856

1856 in science

The year 1856 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Archaeology:* First remains of Neanderthal Man found in the Neandertal Valley of Germany.-Biology:* Gregor Mendel starts his research on genetics....

  1857

1857 in science

The year 1857 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Rev. M. J. Berkeley publishes Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany.-Chemistry:* Robert Bunsen invents apparatus for measuring effusion....

  1858

1858 in science

The year 1858 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Archaeology:* In Luxor, Egypt, the Rhind papyrus is found ; it is sometimes called the Ahmes papyrus for the scribe who wrote it around 1650 BC.-Astronomy:* Donati's Comet, the first comet to be photographed, is...

  1859

1859 in science

The year 1859 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* August 28–September 2 - The solar storm of 1859, the largest geomagnetic solar storm on record, causes the Northern lights aurora to be visible as far south as Cuba and knocks out telegraph...

1860

1860 in science

The year 1860 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* June 30 - Debate about evolution at the Oxford University Museum.* John Curtis publishes in Glasgow.-Botany:...

  1861

1861 in science

The year 1861 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* May 13 - Comet C/1861 J1 first observed from Australia by John Tebbutt.-Biology:...

  1862

1862 in science

The year 1862 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* January 31 - Alvan Graham Clark makes the first observation of Sirius B, a white dwarf star, through an eighteen inch telescope at Northwestern University....

  1863

1863 in science

The year 1863 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Events:* The first of Jules Verne's scientifically-inspired Voyages Extraordinaires, the novel Cinq semaines en ballon , is published in Paris.-Chemistry:* Friedrich Bayer founds the chemical manufacturing...

  1864

1864 in science

The year 1864 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Conservation:* June 30 - The Yosemite Grant is created in the United States.-Chemistry:...

  1865

1865 in science

The year 1865 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Friedrich Kekulé proposes a ring structure for benzene.-Life sciences:* Louis Pasteur shows that the air is full of bacteria....

  1866

1866 in science

The year 1866 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* May - William Huggins studies the emission spectrum of a nova and discovers that it is surrounded by a cloud of hydrogen....

  1867

1867 in science

The year 1867 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.-Events:* April - First clear recorded usage of the word science in English with its modern usage as restricted to the natural and physical sciences The year 1867 in science and technology involved many...

  1868

1868 in science

The year 1868 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Jules-Emile Planchon and colleagues propose Phylloxera as the cause of the Great French Wine Blight....

  1869

1869 in science

The year 1869 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Events:* November 4 - The first issue of scientific journal Nature is published in London, edited by Norman Lockyer.-Chemistry:...

1870

1870 in science

The year 1870 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* January 18 - Gerhardt Krefft first describes the Queensland lungfish, in The Sydney Morning Herald....

  1871

1871 in science

The year 1871 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Medicine and physiology:* Porphyria is first explained biochemically by Felix Hoppe-Seyler....

  1872

1872 in science

The year 1872 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Conservation:* March 1 - Yellowstone National Park is established in the United States, the world's first national park.-Mathematics:...

  1873

1873 in science

The year 1873 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Mathematics:* Charles Hermite proves that the mathematical constant e is a transcendental number....

  1874

1874 in science

The year 1874 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* December 9 - A transit of Venus across the Sun is observed in Muddapur, India, by an astronomical expedition led by Pietro Tacchini.-Chemistry:...

  1875

1875 in science

The year 1875 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Gallium is discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran. Later this year he obtains the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide and names it...

  1876

1876 in science

The year 1876 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Robert Koch demonstrates that Bacillus anthracis is the source of of anthrax, the first bacterium conclusively shown to cause disease.-Medicine:...

  1877

1877 in science

The year 1877 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Events:* June 19 - Eadweard Muybridge successfully produces a fast-motion sequence of photographs showing a horse in movement, Sallie Gardner at a Gallop, using multiple cameras at Palo Alto, California,...

  1878

1878 in science

The year 1878 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* British astronomer Richard Proctor describes the Zone of Avoidance, the area of the night sky that is obscured by our own galaxy, for the first time....

  1879

1879 in science

The year 1879 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Jean Henri Fabre publishes the first of his Souvenirs entomologiques....

1880

1880 in science

The year 1880 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.-Events:* July 3 - The journal Science is first published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.-Medicine:...

  1881

1881 in science

The year 1881 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* October - Charles Darwin publishes his last scientific book The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms.* L. S...

  1882

1882 in science

The year 1882 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Robert Koch isolates the Tuberculosis bacillus.* Élie Metchnikoff discovers phagocytosis.-Chemistry:...

  1883

1883 in science

The year 1883 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Geology:* August 26 - Krakatoa begins its final phase of eruptions at 1:06pm local time. These produce a number of tsunami, mainly in the early hours of the next day, which result in about 36,000 deaths on the...

  1884

1884 in science

The year 1884 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* J. H. van 't Hoff proposes the Arrhenius equation for the temperature dependence of the reaction rate constant, and therefore, rate of a chemical reaction....

  1885

1885 in science

The year 1885 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* August 20 - Ernst Hartwig discovers S Andromedae, a supernova in the Andromeda galaxy, the first supernova discovered beyond the Milky Way.-Biology:...

  1886

1886 in science

The year 1886 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Medicine:* The classic descriptions of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease are published by Jean-Martin Charcot and his pupil Pierre Marie in Paris and by Howard H...

  1887

1887 in science

The year 1887 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.-Events:* March 7 - North Carolina State University is established as North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts....

  1888

1888 in science

The year 1888 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* January 3 - The 91 cm refracting telescope at Lick Observatory is first used...

  1889

1889 in science

The year 1889 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Walter Heape successfully breeds rabbits from fertilised ova transferred from the biological mother to the uterus of an animal of a different breed....

1890

1890 in science

The year 1890 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Francis Galton announces a statistical demonstration of the uniqueness and classifiability of individual human fingerprints....

  1891

1891 in science

The year 1891 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* The New Zealand government sets aside Resolution Island in Fiordland as a nature reserve....

  1892

1892 in science

The year 1892 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* William Ramsay discovers argon.* approx...

  1893

1893 in science

The year 1893 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Henry Luke Bolley discovers a method of treating smut with formaldehyde.-Exploration:...

  1894

1894 in science

The year 1894 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* March 21 - Syzygy: Mercury transits the Sun as seen from Venus, and Mercury and Venus both simultaneously transit the Sun as seen from Saturn....

  1895

1895 in science

The year 1895 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* David Bruce discovers the Trypanosoma parasite carried by the tsetse fly which causes the fatal cattle disease nagana.-Chemistry:...

  1896

1896 in science

The year 1896 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Mathematics:* The prime number theorem on the distribution of primes is proved.* Charles L...

  1897

1897 in science

The year 1897 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Mathematics:* David Hilbert unifies the field of algebraic number theory with his treatise Zahlbericht.-Medicine:...

  1898

1898 in science

The year 1898 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* William Ramsay and Morris Travers discover Neon, Krypton and Xenon ....

  1899

1899 in science

The year 1899 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Mathematics:* David Hilbert publishes Grundlagen der Geometrie, proposing a formal set, Hilbert's axioms, to replace Euclid's elements....

1900s

1900

1900 in science

The year 1900 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Aeronautics:* July 2 - The first airship flight is made by the LZ1 designed by Ferdinand von Zeppelin.-Chemistry:...

  1901

1901 in science

The year 1901 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Okapi, a relative of the Giraffe found in the rainforests around the Congo River in north east Zaire, is discovered ....

  1902

1902 in science

The year 1902 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Aeronautics:*May 15 - Lyman Gilmore claims to have flown his steam-powered fixed-wing aircraft, although his proof was supposedly destroyed in a 1935 fire.-Chemistry:...

  1903

1903 in science

The year 1903 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Aeronautics:* December 17 - First documented, successful, controlled, powered flight of an aircraft with a petrol engine by Orville Wright in the Wright Flyer at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.* Konstantin...

  1904

1904 in science

The year 1904 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Edward Walter Maunder plots the first sunspot "butterfly diagram".* The sixth moon of Jupiter, later called Himalia, discovered at Lick Observatory....

  1905

1905 in science

The year 1905 in science and technology involved some significant events, particularly in physics, listed below.-Astronomy:* January 2 - Charles Dillon Perrine at Lick Observatory discovers Elara, one of Jupiter's natural satellites....

  1906

1906 in science

The year 1906 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Charles Barkla discovers that each element has a characteristic X-ray and that the degree of penetration of these X-rays is related to the atomic weight of the element.* Mikhail Tsvet first names the...

  1907

1907 in science

The year 1907 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Emil Fischer artificially synthesizes peptide amino acid chains and thereby shows that amino acids in proteins are connected by amino group-acid group bonds....

  1908

1908 in science

The year 1908 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Archaeology:* A 40,000-year-old Neanderthal boy skeleton is found at Le Moustier in southwest France....

  1909

1909 in science

The year 1909 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Summer - Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch first demonstrate the Haber process, the catalytic formation of ammonia from hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen under conditions of high temperature and...

1910

1910 in science

The year 1910 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Albert Einstein and Marian Smoluchowski find the Einstein-Smoluchowski formula for the attenuation coefficient due to density fluctuations in a gas...

  1911

1911 in science

The year 1911 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space science:* June 28 - The Nakhla meteorite lands in the area of Alexandria, Egypt, purportedly killing a dog.-Exploration:...

  1912

1912 in science

The year 1912 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* July 23 - Horace Donisthorpe first discovers Anergates atratulus in the New Forest, England.-Chemistry:...

  1913

1913 in science

The year 1913 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Protactinium is first identified by Kasimir Fajans and O. H...

  1914

1914 in science

The year 1914 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* Sinope, the outermost known moon of Jupiter, is discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Lick Observatory....

  1915

1915 in science

The year 1915 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Pluto is photographed for the first time but not recognized as a planet....

  1916

1916 in science

The year 1916 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Gilbert N. Lewis and Irving Langmuir formulate an electron shell model of chemical bonding....

  1917

1917 in science

The year 1917 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Awards:* Nobel Prize** Physics - Charles Glover Barkla** Chemistry - not awarded** Medicine - not awarded-Births:...

  1918

1918 in science

The year 1918 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Kiyotsugu Hirayama identifies several groups of main belt asteroids, now known as Hirayama families....

  1919

1919 in science

The year 1919 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* June 1 - The term covalence in relation to chemical bonding models is first used by Irving Langmuir.-History of science:...

1920

1920 in science

The year 1920 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-History of science and technology:* Newcomen Society founded in the United Kingdom for the study of the history of engineering and technology.-Medicine:...

  1921

1921 in science

The year 1921 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Thomas Midgley discovers the effective anti-knocking properties of Tetra-ethyl lead, which is used in "leaded" gasoline .-Mathematics:...

  1922

1922 in science

The year 1922 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Archaeology:* November 4 - British archaeologist Howard Carter and his men find the entrance to King Tutankhamen's tomb in the Valley of the Kings of Egypt.-Biology:...

  1923

1923 in science

The year 1923 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Aeronautics:* Juan de la Cierva invents the autogyro, a rotary-winged aircraft with an unpowered rotor.-Astronomy:...

  1924

1924 in science

The year 1924 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* December 30 - Edwin Hubble announces the existence of other galaxies....

  1925

1925 in science

The year 1925 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* July 21 - Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John T...

  1926

1926 in science

The year 1926 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* March 16 - Robert Goddard launches the first liquid-fueled rocket, at Auburn, Massachusetts.-Paleontology:...

  1927

1927 in science

The year 1927 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Mathematics:* Publication of the 2nd edition of Principia Mathematica by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, one of the most important and seminal works in mathematical logic and philosophy.-Physics:*...

  1928

1928 in science

The year 1928 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* January - Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA....

  1929

1929 in science

The year 1929 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* July 17 - Robert H...

1930

1930 in science

The year 1930 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* February 18 - Pluto is discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.* Bernhard Schmidt invents the Schmidt Camera.-Atmospheric chemistry:...

  1931

1931 in science

The year 1931 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Mathematics:* January - Kurt Gödel's "On Formally Undecidable Propositions..." is published in Monatshefte für Mathematik.-Technology:...

  1932

1932 in science

The year 1932 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space sciences:* Estonian astronomer Ernst Öpik postulates that long-period comets originate in an orbiting cloud at the outermost edge of the Solar System.-Biology:* Geneticist J. B. S...

  1933

1933 in science

The year 1933 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky invent the concept of neutron star, a new type of celestial object, suggesting that supernovae might be created by the collapse of a normal star to form a neutron...

  1934

1934 in science

The year 1934 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Richard Tolman shows that black-body radiation in an expanding universe cools but remains thermal....

  1935

1935 in science

The year 1935 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Geology:* Charles Richter and Beno Gutenberg develop the Richter magnitude scale for quantifying earthquakes.-History of science:...

  1936

1936 in science

The year 1936 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* February 4 - Radium E. becomes the first radioactive element to be made synthetically....

  1937

1937 in science

The year 1937 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* June 8 - First total solar eclipse to exceed 7 minutes of totality in over 800 years; visible in the Pacific and Peru.-Chemistry:...

  1938

1938 in science

The year 1938 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:*June 28 - A 450-ton meteorite strikes the earth in an empty field near Chicora, Pennsylvania.-Biology:...

  1939

1939 in science

The year 1939 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Robert Oppenheimer jointly predicts two new types of celestial object:** With George Volkoff he calculates the structure of neutron stars....

1940

1940 in science

The year 1940 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biochemistry:* August 24 - Howard Florey and a team including Ernst Chain, Arthur Duncan Gardner, Norman Heatley, M. Jennings, J. Orr-Ewing and G...

  1941

1941 in science

The year 1941 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum publish "Genetic Control of Biochemical Reactions in Neurospora" which shows that specific genes code for specific proteins.-Chemistry:* February 23 -...

  1942

1942 in science

The year 1942 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* February 27 - James Stanley Hey, a British Army research officer, first detects radio waves emitted by the sun, helping to pioneer radio astronomy....

  1943

1943 in science

The year 1943 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* July 21 - Living specimens of Metasequoia glyptostroboides, the Dawn Redwood, previously known only as a Mesozoic fossil, are located in China....

  1944

1944 in science

The year 1944 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:*Hendrik van de Hulst predicts the 21 cm hyperfine line of neutral interstellar hydrogen.-Biology:...

  1945

1945 in science

The year 1945 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Salvador Edward Luria and Alfred Day Hershey independently recognize that viruses undergo mutations.-Chemistry:...

  1946

1946 in science

The year 1946 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* November 10 - Peter Scott opens the Slimbridge Wetland Reserve in England.* Karl von Frisch publishes "Die Tänze der Bienen" ....

  1947

1947 in science

The year 1947 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Anthropology:* August 7 - Thor Heyerdahl's balsa-wood raft, the Kon-Tiki, smashes into the reef at Raroia in the Tuamotu Islands after a 101-day, 4300-mile journey across the Pacific Ocean, demonstrating that...

  1948

1948 in science

The year 1948 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* October 5 - Delegates to a conference organised by Sir Julian Huxley at Fontainebleau agree to formation of the International Union for Conservation of Nature....

  1949

1949 in science

The year 1949 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* June 14 - Albert II, a Rhesus Monkey, becomes the first mammal in space, in a U.S.-launched V2 rocket, reaching an altitude of 83 miles but dying on impact after a parachute...

1950

1950 in science

The year 1950 in science and technology included some significant events.-Astronomy and space sciences:* Dutch astronomer Jan Oort postulates the existence of an orbiting cloud of planets at the outermost edge of the Solar System....

  1951

1951 in science

The year 1951 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Computer science:* February - Ferranti deliver their first Mark 1 computer to the University of Manchester . It is the world's first commercially-available general-purpose electronic computer.* March 30 -...

  1952

1952 in science

The year 1952 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* August 1 - Around 9 o'clock AM, the San Benedicto Rock Wren goes extinct as its island home is smothered in a massive volcanic eruption....

  1953

1953 in science

The year 1953 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biochemistry:* April 25 - Francis Crick and James D...

  1954

1954 in science

The year 1954 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* November 30 - In Sylacauga, Alabama, an 8.5 pound sulfide meteorite crashes through a roof and hits Mrs...

  1955

1955 in science

The year 1955 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed below.-Astronomy:* January 8 - Penumbral lunar eclipse....

  1956

1956 in science

The year 1956 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Biology:* Wesley K. Whitten reports developing eight-cell mouse ova to blastocyst stage in vitro.Computer science-...

  1957

1957 in science

The year 1957 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* October 4 - Launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite....

  1958

1958 in science

The year 1958 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Events:* During International Geophysical Year, Earth's magnetosphere is discovered; and the 3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition discovers the subglacial Gamburtsev Mountain Range in Antarctica.-Astronomy and space...

  1959

1959 in science

The year 1959 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* August 7 - The United States launches Explorer 6 from the Atlantic Missile Range in Cape Canaveral, Florida....

1960

1960 in science

The year 1960 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* March 14 - Jodrell Bank Observatory in England makes radio contact with the U.S...

  1961

1961 in science

The year 1961 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* January 31 - Ham, a 37-pound male chimpanzee, is rocketed into space in a test of the Project Mercury capsule designed to carry U.S. astronauts into space.* April 12 - Yuri...

  1962

1962 in science

The year 1962 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* January 26 - Ranger 3 is launched to study the Moon...

  1963

1963 in science

The year 1963 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* May 15 - Mercury program: NASA launches the last mission of the program Mercury 9. -Biology:* Geneticist J. B. S...

  1964

1964 in science

The year 1964 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* March 20 - The precursor of the European Space Agency, ESRO is established .* July 31 - Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the Moon; images...

  1965

1965 in science

The year 1965 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* February 20 - Ranger 8 crashes into the Moon after a successful mission of photographing possible landing sites for the Apollo program astronauts.* March 23 - NASA launches...

  1966

1966 in science

The year 1966 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* February 3 - The unmanned Soviet Luna 9 spacecraft makes the first controlled rocket-assisted landing on the Moon....

  1967

1967 in science

The year 1967 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:*January 27 - Apollo 1 destroyed in a fire on the launch pad.*January 27 - The USA, Soviet Union and UK sign the Outer Space Treaty....

  1968

1968 in science

The year 1968 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Neutron stars; Thomas Gold explains the recently discovered radio pulsars as rapidly rotating neutron stars and subsequent observations confirm the suggestion.-Medicine:* January 2 - Dr...

  1969

1969 in science

The year 1969 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* January 15 - The Soviet Union launches Soyuz 5.* March 3 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 9 to test the lunar module....

1970

1970 in science

The year 1970 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* February 11 - Japan becomes the fourth country to launch a satellite into orbit....

  1971

1971 in science

The year 1971 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* January 31 - Apollo program: Astronauts aboard Apollo 14 lift off for a mission to the moon....

  1972

1972 in science

The year 1972 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* January 5 - President of the United States Richard Nixon orders the development of a space shuttle program....

  1973

1973 in science

The year 1973 in science and technology involved one significant event, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* March 7 - Comet Kohoutek is discovered* April 6 - Launch of Pioneer 11 spacecraft...

  1974

1974 in science

The year 1974 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* February 8 - After 84 days in space, the last crew of the temporary American space station Skylab return to Earth....

  1975

1975 in science

The year 1975 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* April 19 - Aryabhata, India's first satellite, is launched using Soviet boosters....

  1976

1976 in science

The year 1976 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* June 18 – Gravity Probe A, a satellite-based experiment to test Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, is launched....

  1977

1977 in science

The year 1977 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.- Astronomy and space exploration :* March 10 – Rings of Uranus discovered by Kuiper Airborne Observatory measurements of star occultation....

  1978

1978 in science

The year 1978 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Computer science:* February 16 – The first computer bulletin board system is created .-Geophysics:...

  1979

1979 in science

The year 1979 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* February 7 – Pluto enters a 20-year period inside the orbit of Neptune for the first time in 230 years....

1980

1980 in science

The year 1980 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* November 12 – Voyager program: The NASA space probe Voyager I makes its closest approach to Saturn when it flies within of the planet's cloud-tops and sends the first high...

  1981

1981 in science

The year 1981 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.-Medicine:* June 5 - AIDS pandemic begins when the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports an unusual cluster of Pneumocystis pneumonia in five homosexual men in Los Angeles.* Dr Bruce...

  1982

1982 in science

The year 1982 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* March 10 – Syzygy: all 9 planets align on the same side of the Sun.-History of science:...

  1983

1983 in science

The year 1983 in science and technology involved many significant events, as listed below.-Biology:* April – Kary Mullis discovers polymerase chain reaction.* May – First report of the virus that causes AIDS....

  1984

1984 in science

The year 1984 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy and space exploration:* February 7 – Astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L...

  1985

1985 in science

The year 1985 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.-Environment:* May 16 – Scientists of the British Antarctic Survey announce discovery of the ozone hole.-Exploration:...

  1986

1986 in science

The year 1986 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* January 24 – Voyager 2 space probe makes first encounter with Uranus....

  1987

1987 in science

The year 1987 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.-Astronomy:* February 23 – Supernova 1987a is observed, the first "naked-eye" supernova since 1604.* Asteroid 7816 Hanoi is discovered by Masahiro Koishikawa....

  1988

1988 in science

The year 1988 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* September 29 – NASA resumes space shuttle flights, grounded after the Challenger disaster....

  1989

1989 in science

The year 1989 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.-Astronomy:* August – the asteroid 4769 Castalia is the first asteroid directly imaged, by radar from Arecibo....

1990

1990 in science

The year 1990 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy and space exploration:* April 24 – The Space Shuttle Discovery places the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit.-Computer science:...

  1991

1991 in science

The year 1991 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* May 18 – Helen Sharman becomes the first British person in space, flying with the Soyuz TM-12 mission...

  1992

1992 in science

The year 1992 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.-Astronomy:* First confirmed detection of extrasolar planets with the discovery of several terrestrial-mass planets orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12 by Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail.* Asteroid 5751 Zao...

  1993

1993 in science

The year 1993 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* December 2 - STS-61 is launched. This Space Shuttle mission to the Hubble Space Telescope installs corrective optics, plus upgrades, that not only allow the telescope to focus...

  1994

1994 in science

The year 1994 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* July 16 – July 22 – The fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact the planet Jupiter...

  1995

1995 in science

The year 1995 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.-Archaeology:* January 18 - In southern France near Vallon-Pont-d'Arc a network of caves are discovered that contain paintings and engravings that are 17,000 to 20,000 years old.* Wes Linster discovers the first...

  1996

1996 in science

The year 1996 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* January 30 – Comet Hyakutake is discovered.* February 17 – NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft launched...

  1997

1997 in science

The year 1997 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* January 17 - Explosion of a Delta II rocket carrying a military GPS payload shortly after liftoff from Cape Canaveral....

  1998

1998 in science

The year 1998 in science and technology involved many events, some of which are included below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* January–September – Cosmologists from the Supernova Cosmology Project led by Saul Perlmutter and the High-z Supernova Search Team led by Adam Riess and Brian...

  1999

1999 in science

The year 1999 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Aeronautics:* February 27 – While trying to circumnavigate the world in a hot air balloon, Colin Prescot and Andy Elson set a new endurance record after being in a hot air balloon for 233 hours and 55 minutes.* March 3 –...

2000s

2000

2000 in science

The year 2000 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy and space exploration:* May 4 – A rare conjunction occurs on the New Moon including all seven of the traditional celestial bodies known from ancient times up until 1781 with the discovery of Uranus...

  2001

2001 in science

The year 2001 in science and technology involved many events, some of which are included below.-Astronomy and space exploration:* The NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft lands in the "saddle" region of 433 Eros, becoming the first spacecraft to land on an asteroid....

  2002

2002 in science

The year 2002 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy and space exploration:* February 19 - NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system....

  2003

2003 in science

The year 2003 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Anthropology:*March 13 – The journal Nature reports that 350,000-year-old upright-walking human footprints have been found in Italy.-Astronomy:...

  2004

2004 in science

The year 2004 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Anthropology:*October 27 - Remains of a previously unknown species of human is discovered in Indonesia...

  2005

2005 in science

The year 2005 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* April 8 – Total solar eclipse*February 23 – Astronomers announce the discovery of a galaxy, VIRGOHI21, that consists almost entirely of dark matter...

  2006

2006 in science

The year 2006 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:*January 25 - The discovery of the planet OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb through gravitational microlensing is announced by PLANET/RoboNet, OGLE and MOA...

  2007

2007 in science

The year 2007 in science and technology involved many significant events.-Astronomy and space exploration:* January 12 - Comet C/2006 P1 reaches perihelion and becomes visible during daylight....

  2008

2008 in science

The year 2008 in science and technology involved some significant events and discoveries, some of which are listed below.-Events and discoveries:...

  2009

2009 in science

The year 2009 in science and technology involved numerous significant events and discoveries, some of which are listed below. 2009 was designated the International Year of Astronomy by the United Nations.-Events and discoveries:...

2010

2010 in science

The year 2010 in science and technology involved numerous significant events and discoveries, some of which are listed below. The United Nations declared 2010 the International Year of Biodiversity.- January :...

  2011

2011 in science

The year 2011 in science and technology involves many significant events and discoveries, some of which are listed below. 2011 was declared the International Year of Forests and Chemistry by the United Nations.- January :...

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