1758 in science
Encyclopedia
The year 1758 in science
and technology
involved some significant events.
Science
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe...
and technology
Technology
Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures. The word technology comes ;...
involved some significant events.
Astronomy
- Comet HalleyComet HalleyHalley's Comet or Comet Halley is the best-known of the short-period comets, and is visible from Earth every 75 to 76 years. Halley is the only short-period comet that is clearly visible to the naked eye from Earth, and thus the only naked-eye comet that might appear twice in a human lifetime...
reappears as predicted by Edmond HalleyEdmond HalleyEdmond Halley FRS was an English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist who is best known for computing the orbit of the eponymous Halley's Comet. He was the second Astronomer Royal in Britain, following in the footsteps of John Flamsteed.-Biography and career:Halley...
in 17051705 in scienceThe year 1705 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Edmond Halley, in his Synopsis Astronomia Cometicae, states that comets seen in 1456, 1531, 1607, and 1682 were actually a single comet and correctly predicts that it will return in 1758.-Births:* February 22 -...
.
Medicine
- Angélique du CoudrayAngelique du CoudrayAngélique Marguerite Le Boursier du Coudray was a royal midwife in the court of Louis XV of France.Born into an eminent French medical family she became the head accoucheuse at the Hotel Dieu in Paris...
demonstrates the first obstetricObstetricsObstetrics is the medical specialty dealing with the care of all women's reproductive tracts and their children during pregnancy , childbirth and the postnatal period...
mannequin.
Physics
- Ruđer Bošković publishes his atomic theoryAtomic theoryIn chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms, as opposed to the obsolete notion that matter could be divided into any arbitrarily small quantity...
in Theoria philosophiae naturalis redacta ad unicam legem virium in natura existentium ("Theory of natural philosophy reduced to one law of the forces existing in nature").
Births
- January 20 - Marie-Anne Pierrette PaulzeMarie-Anne Pierrette PaulzeMarie-Anne Pierette Paulze , was a French chemist. She was born in the town of Montbrison, Loire, in a small province in France...
, FrenchFrench peopleThe French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups...
chemistChemistA chemist is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties such as density and acidity. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms...
(d. 18361836 in scienceThe year 1836 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* May 15 - Francis Baily, during an eclipse of the sun, observes the phenomenon named after him as Baily's beads.-Biology:...
) - March 9 - Franz Joseph GallFranz Joseph GallFranz Joseph Gall was a neuroanatomist, physiologist, and pioneer in the study of the localization of mental functions in the brain.- Life :...
, GermanGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
-born neuroanatomist (d. 18281828 in scienceThe year 1828 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Astronomy:* Félix Savary computes the first orbit of a visual double star when he calculates the orbit of the double star Xi Ursae Majoris.-Biochemistry:...
) - June 29 - Clotilde TambroniClotilde TambroniClotilde Tambroni , was an Italian Philologist, linguist and poet. She was a professor in the Greek language at the University of Bologna in 1793-1798, and a professor in Greek and literature in 1800-1808.- Sources :...
, ItalianItalian peopleThe Italian people are an ethnic group that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence , and are distinguished from people...
philologist and linguist (d. 18171817 in scienceThe year 1817 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Chemistry:* Discovery of cadmium by Friedrich Strohmeyer.* Discovery of lithium by Johann Arfvedson.* Discovery of selenium by Jöns Jakob Berzelius....
) - October 11 - Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus OlbersHeinrich Wilhelm Matthäus OlbersHeinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers was a German physician and astronomer.-Life and career:Olbers was born in Arbergen, near Bremen, and studied to be a physician at Göttingen. After his graduation in 1780, he began practicing medicine in Bremen, Germany...
, German astronomerAstronomerAn astronomer is a scientist who studies celestial bodies such as planets, stars and galaxies.Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using...
(d. 18401840 in scienceThe year 1840 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.-Events:* William Whewell publishes the term scientist....
)
Deaths
- January 18 - François NicoleFrançois NicoleFrançois Nicole was a French mathematician, born in Paris and died there, who published his Traité du calcul des différences finies in 1717; it contains rules both for forming differences and for effecting the summation of given series...
, French mathematicianMathematicianA mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....
(b. 16831683 in scienceThe year 1683 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Events:* Vauban's manual on fortification, Le Directeur-Général des fortifications, begins publication at The Hague.-Births:...
) - April 22 - Antoine de JussieuAntoine de JussieuAntoine de Jussieu was a French naturalist.Jussieu was born in Lyon, the son of Christophe de Jussieu , an apothecary of some repute, who published a Nouveau traité de la theriaque . Antoine studied at the university of Montpellier, and travelled with his brother Bernard through Spain, Portugal...
, French naturalistNaturalistNaturalist may refer to:* Practitioner of natural history* Conservationist* Advocate of naturalism * Naturalist , autobiography-See also:* The American Naturalist, periodical* Naturalism...
(b. 16861686 in scienceThe year 1686 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Biology:* John Ray begins publication of his Historia Plantarum, including the first biological definition of the term species; also his edition of Francis Willughby's Historia Piscum.-Geology:* Edmund Halley establishes the...
) - August 15 - Pierre BouguerPierre BouguerPierre Bouguer was a French mathematician, geophysicist, geodesist, and astronomer. He is also known as "the father of naval architecture"....
, French mathematician (b. 16981698 in scienceThe year 1698 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:* Christiaan Huygens, in his posthumously published book Cosmotheros, argues that other planets in the solar system are inhabited, starting a debate that extends into the 20th century.-Exploration:* November - HMS...
) - September 5 (NSOld Style and New Style datesOld Style and New Style are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January even though documents written at the time use a different start of year ; or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian...
) - Dmitry Ivanovich VinogradovDmitry Ivanovich VinogradovDmitry Ivanovich Vinogradov was a Russian chemist, the inventor of Russian hard-paste porcelain and the founder of the Imperial Porcelain Factory....
, RussiaRussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n chemist (b. c.17201720 in scienceThe year 1720 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Medicine:* Dr Steevens' Hospital is established at Kilmainham, Dublin.* Great Plague of Marseille, the last major outbreak of bubonic plague in Europe.-Technology:...
)