List of nuclides
Encyclopedia
In contrast to a two-dimensional chart of nuclides, this is a one-dimensional list of nuclide
s. This table of nuclides shows the 905 observed nuclides that are either stable, or (if radioactive), have half-lives longer than one hour.
A nuclide is defined conventionally as an experimentally examined bound collections of one or more protons and neutrons (with the single exception of protium
that has no neutrons), that is either stable, or has an observed decay mode.
An additional row contains specific data on the type of decay of the nuclide. If a decay has been predicted theoretically but never observed experimentally, it is given in parentheses. Only 90 nuclides from the first 40 elements are theoretically (energetically) stable to any kind of radioactive decay (save proton decay, which has not been observed). Another 165 nuclides are in theory subject to known types of decay processes such as spontaneous fission, alpha decay, double beta decay, etc., but for which decay has not been observed. Some of these are indicated with a ">" number to show the lower time limit of the half-life known based on experimental observation. Such nuclides are considered to be "stable" until a half-life for their decay has been measured in some fashion, and thus a half-life is known.
The next group is the radioactive primordial nuclides. Presently known are 33 of these, of which 27 have half-lives considerably longer than the age of the universe.
About 50 nuclides have half-lives too short to be primordial, but are nevertheless found in nature as a result of later production by natural processes. These are daughters of longer-lived nuclides (radiogenic nuclide
s), cosmic-ray reaction products (cosmogenic nuclide
s), or products of other natural nuclear reactions (nucleogenic
nuclides).
The remaining radionuclides presented are artificially produced. Some, such as cesium-137 are found in the environment only as a result of contamination from man-made nuclear fission product releases (nuclear weapons, nuclear reactors, and other processes).
All the radionuclides, starting with the longest-lived primordial radionuclides, are presented sorted by decreasing half-life. All half-lives in the list are given in seconds. For more convenient units, they must be divided by the corresponding number of seconds in the time unit (for example, nuclides with half-lives over 108 seconds can be conveniently divided by 3.1556926 x 107 to obtain half-life in years).
At least 3,000 nuclides have been experimentally characterized. The remainder of these not shown in this 905 member list, all have decay half-lives less than 60 minutes.
are presumed to be unstable with a very long half-life
, and thus a radioactive decay
has not yet been experimentally measured, but might reported at any time. A total of 255 nuclides are classified as "stable" (no decay experimentally observed and thus no experimental half-life yet determined). An additional 33 primordial radionuclides are known.
The total list of 288 primordial nuclide
s, starting with the stable nuclides and ending with the longest-lived radioactive nuclide found in nature which is not the daughter product of a longer-lived decay, ends with the shortest-half lived primordial nuclide, 244Pu, at position 288.
Only 90 of these 905 nuclides are theoretically stable, except to proton-decay (which has never been observed). An additional 165 nuclides are theoretically unstable but have never been observed to decay. This total of 255 nucldes are classically considered stable, but the number of subject to change as various long-lived nuclides among the 165 are in fact determined to be radioactive.
The remaining 648 radionuclides with half-lives longer than 1 hour, have half-lives that are well-characterized. They include 27 nuclides with measured half-lives longer than the estimated age of the universe (13.7 billion years), and another 6 nuclides with half-lives long enough (> 80 million years) that they are still primordial
, and may be detected on Earth, having survived from their presence in interstellar dust since before the formation of the solar system, about 4.6 billion years before the present. Together, these constitute the known 33 radioactive primordial nuclides.
Another ~51 short-lived nuclides can be detected naturally as daughters of longer-lived nuclides (radiogenic nuclide
s), cosmic-ray reaction products (cosmogenic nuclide
s), or products of other natural nuclear reactions (nucleogenic
nuclides). This gives a total of about ~ 339 naturally occurring nuclides. The remaining known nuclides listed, are known solely from artificial nuclear transmutation
.
A running positive integer for reference. Especially for nuclides with short half-lives, this number, i.e. position in this table, might be changed in the future.
nuclide column
nuclide identifiers are given by their mass number A and the symbol for the corresponding chemical element (implies a unique proton number). In the rare case that this is not the ground state
, this is indicated by a m for metastable appended to the mass number.
energy column
The column labeled "energy" denotes the mass of the average nucleon of this nuclide relative to the mass of a neutron (so all nuclides get a positive value) in MeV, formally: .
half-life column
All times are given in seconds ( = 1 year).
Entries starting with a > indicates that only lower limits for the half-life were established. Such elements are formally still considered "stable" until a half-life can be determined.
decay
mode column
Decay modes in parentheses are still not experimentally observed, but are energetically predicted to occur.
decay energy column
Multiple values for (maximal) decay energy are mapped to decay modes in their order.
Note that the last entry, plutonium-244, has a half-life of 80 million years, or 1/57th of the age of the solar system. It is the shortest half lived primordial nuclide yet to be detected naturally on Earth. Other shorter half lived radionuclides (below) have been detected in uranium ore samples or in the spectra of stars (technetium
, promethium
, californium
), but are not primordial because they have not existed since the birth of the solar system, but rather, are newly made since that time. Many shorter-lived nuclides found in nature (for example, radium
) are radioactive daughter products of primordial longer-lived nuclides. Others are known naturally on Earth from other spontaneous energetic production processes which have produced them since the birth of the solar system (i.e., from cosmic rays, such as carbon-14). By definition, all such nuclides are also not primordial; about 50 of them have been observed to occur naturally.
Nuclide
A nuclide is an atomic species characterized by the specific constitution of its nucleus, i.e., by its number of protons Z, its number of neutrons N, and its nuclear energy state....
s. This table of nuclides shows the 905 observed nuclides that are either stable, or (if radioactive), have half-lives longer than one hour.
A nuclide is defined conventionally as an experimentally examined bound collections of one or more protons and neutrons (with the single exception of protium
Protium
Protium may refer to:* In physics and chemistry, protium refers to hydrogen-1, the most common isotope of the element hydrogen, with one proton and no neutrons...
that has no neutrons), that is either stable, or has an observed decay mode.
An additional row contains specific data on the type of decay of the nuclide. If a decay has been predicted theoretically but never observed experimentally, it is given in parentheses. Only 90 nuclides from the first 40 elements are theoretically (energetically) stable to any kind of radioactive decay (save proton decay, which has not been observed). Another 165 nuclides are in theory subject to known types of decay processes such as spontaneous fission, alpha decay, double beta decay, etc., but for which decay has not been observed. Some of these are indicated with a ">" number to show the lower time limit of the half-life known based on experimental observation. Such nuclides are considered to be "stable" until a half-life for their decay has been measured in some fashion, and thus a half-life is known.
The next group is the radioactive primordial nuclides. Presently known are 33 of these, of which 27 have half-lives considerably longer than the age of the universe.
About 50 nuclides have half-lives too short to be primordial, but are nevertheless found in nature as a result of later production by natural processes. These are daughters of longer-lived nuclides (radiogenic nuclide
Radiogenic nuclide
A radiogenic nuclide is a nuclide that is produced by a process of radioactive decay. It may itself be radioactive, or stable.Radiogenic nuclides form some of the most important tools in geology...
s), cosmic-ray reaction products (cosmogenic nuclide
Cosmogenic nuclide
See also Environmental radioactivity#NaturalCosmogenic nuclides are rare isotopes created when a high-energy cosmic ray interacts with the nucleus of an in situ solar system atom, causing cosmic ray spallation...
s), or products of other natural nuclear reactions (nucleogenic
Nucleogenic
A nucleogenic isotope or nuclide, is one that is produced by a natural terrestrial nuclear reaction, other than a reaction beginning with cosmic rays . The nuclear reaction that produces nucleogenic nuclides is usually interaction with an alpha particle or the capture of fission or thermal neutron...
nuclides).
The remaining radionuclides presented are artificially produced. Some, such as cesium-137 are found in the environment only as a result of contamination from man-made nuclear fission product releases (nuclear weapons, nuclear reactors, and other processes).
All the radionuclides, starting with the longest-lived primordial radionuclides, are presented sorted by decreasing half-life. All half-lives in the list are given in seconds. For more convenient units, they must be divided by the corresponding number of seconds in the time unit (for example, nuclides with half-lives over 108 seconds can be conveniently divided by 3.1556926 x 107 to obtain half-life in years).
At least 3,000 nuclides have been experimentally characterized. The remainder of these not shown in this 905 member list, all have decay half-lives less than 60 minutes.
Introduction
Some 165 of the 255 so-called stable nuclidesStable isotope
Stable isotopes are chemical isotopes that may or may not be radioactive, but if radioactive, have half-lives too long to be measured.Only 90 nuclides from the first 40 elements are energetically stable to any kind of decay save proton decay, in theory...
are presumed to be unstable with a very long half-life
Half-life
Half-life, abbreviated t½, is the period of time it takes for the amount of a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. The name was originally used to describe a characteristic of unstable atoms , but it may apply to any quantity which follows a set-rate decay.The original term, dating to...
, and thus a radioactive decay
Radioactive decay
Radioactive decay is the process by which an atomic nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting ionizing particles . The emission is spontaneous, in that the atom decays without any physical interaction with another particle from outside the atom...
has not yet been experimentally measured, but might reported at any time. A total of 255 nuclides are classified as "stable" (no decay experimentally observed and thus no experimental half-life yet determined). An additional 33 primordial radionuclides are known.
The total list of 288 primordial nuclide
Primordial nuclide
In geochemistry and geonuclear physics, primordial nuclides or primordial isotopes are nuclides found on the earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Only 288 such nuclides are known...
s, starting with the stable nuclides and ending with the longest-lived radioactive nuclide found in nature which is not the daughter product of a longer-lived decay, ends with the shortest-half lived primordial nuclide, 244Pu, at position 288.
Summary table for numbers of each class of nuclides
This is a summary table of decay class for the 905 nuclides with half-lives longer than one hour, given in this list of nuclides. Note that numbers should not be considered perfectly exact, and may change slightly in the future, as nuclides radioactive only in theory are observed to be radioactive, or new half-lives are determined enough precision to give them as an experimental figure.Only 90 of these 905 nuclides are theoretically stable, except to proton-decay (which has never been observed). An additional 165 nuclides are theoretically unstable but have never been observed to decay. This total of 255 nucldes are classically considered stable, but the number of subject to change as various long-lived nuclides among the 165 are in fact determined to be radioactive.
The remaining 648 radionuclides with half-lives longer than 1 hour, have half-lives that are well-characterized. They include 27 nuclides with measured half-lives longer than the estimated age of the universe (13.7 billion years), and another 6 nuclides with half-lives long enough (> 80 million years) that they are still primordial
Primordial nuclide
In geochemistry and geonuclear physics, primordial nuclides or primordial isotopes are nuclides found on the earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Only 288 such nuclides are known...
, and may be detected on Earth, having survived from their presence in interstellar dust since before the formation of the solar system, about 4.6 billion years before the present. Together, these constitute the known 33 radioactive primordial nuclides.
Another ~51 short-lived nuclides can be detected naturally as daughters of longer-lived nuclides (radiogenic nuclide
Radiogenic nuclide
A radiogenic nuclide is a nuclide that is produced by a process of radioactive decay. It may itself be radioactive, or stable.Radiogenic nuclides form some of the most important tools in geology...
s), cosmic-ray reaction products (cosmogenic nuclide
Cosmogenic nuclide
See also Environmental radioactivity#NaturalCosmogenic nuclides are rare isotopes created when a high-energy cosmic ray interacts with the nucleus of an in situ solar system atom, causing cosmic ray spallation...
s), or products of other natural nuclear reactions (nucleogenic
Nucleogenic
A nucleogenic isotope or nuclide, is one that is produced by a natural terrestrial nuclear reaction, other than a reaction beginning with cosmic rays . The nuclear reaction that produces nucleogenic nuclides is usually interaction with an alpha particle or the capture of fission or thermal neutron...
nuclides). This gives a total of about ~ 339 naturally occurring nuclides. The remaining known nuclides listed, are known solely from artificial nuclear transmutation
Nuclear transmutation
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element or isotope into another. In other words, atoms of one element can be changed into atoms of other element by 'transmutation'...
.
| Stability class | Number of nuclides | Running total Running total A running total is the summation of a sequence of numbers which is updated each time a new number is added to the sequence, simply by adding the value of the new number to the running total.... |
Notes on running total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Theoretically stable to all but proton decay Proton decay In particle physics, proton decay is a hypothetical form of radioactive decay in which the proton decays into lighter subatomic particles, such as a neutral pion and a positron... |
90 | 90 | Includes first 40 elements. Proton decay yet to be observed. |
| Energetically unstable to one or more known decay modes, but no decay yet seen. Spontaneous fission Spontaneous fission Spontaneous fission is a form of radioactive decay characteristic of very heavy isotopes. Because the nuclear binding energy reaches a maximum at a nuclear mass greater than about 60 atomic mass units , spontaneous breakdown into smaller nuclei and single particles becomes possible at heavier masses... possible for "stable" nuclides > niobium-93; other mechanisms possible for heavier nuclides. All considered "stable" until decay detected. |
165 | 255 | Total of classically stable nuclides. |
| Radioactive primordial nuclide Primordial nuclide In geochemistry and geonuclear physics, primordial nuclides or primordial isotopes are nuclides found on the earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Only 288 such nuclides are known... s. |
33 | 288 | Total primordial elements include bismuth Bismuth Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a trivalent poor metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally uncombined, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores. The free element is 86% as dense as lead... , uranium Uranium Uranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table, with atomic number 92. It is assigned the chemical symbol U. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons... , thorium Thorium Thorium is a natural radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It was discovered in 1828 and named after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.... , plutonium Plutonium Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, forming a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation... , plus all stable nuclides. |
| Radioactive non-primordial, but naturally occurring on Earth. | ~ 51 | ~ 339 | Carbon-14 Carbon-14 Carbon-14, 14C, or radiocarbon, is a radioactive isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Its presence in organic materials is the basis of the radiocarbon dating method pioneered by Willard Libby and colleagues , to date archaeological, geological, and hydrogeological... (and other isotopes generated by cosmic rays); daughters of radioactive primordials, such as francium Francium Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It was formerly known as eka-caesium and actinium K.Actually the least unstable isotope, francium-223 It has the lowest electronegativity of all known elements, and is the second rarest naturally occurring element... , etc. |
| Radioactive synthetic (half-life > 1 hour). Includes most useful radiotracers. | 556 | 905 | These 905 nuclides are listed in this article. |
| Radioactive synthetic (half-life < 1 hour). | >2400 | >3300 | Includes all well-characterized synthetic nuclides. |
List legends
no (number)A running positive integer for reference. Especially for nuclides with short half-lives, this number, i.e. position in this table, might be changed in the future.
nuclide column
nuclide identifiers are given by their mass number A and the symbol for the corresponding chemical element (implies a unique proton number). In the rare case that this is not the ground state
Ground state
The ground state of a quantum mechanical system is its lowest-energy state; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system. An excited state is any state with energy greater than the ground state...
, this is indicated by a m for metastable appended to the mass number.
energy column
The column labeled "energy" denotes the mass of the average nucleon of this nuclide relative to the mass of a neutron (so all nuclides get a positive value) in MeV, formally: .
half-life column
All times are given in seconds ( = 1 year).
Entries starting with a > indicates that only lower limits for the half-life were established. Such elements are formally still considered "stable" until a half-life can be determined.
decay
Radioactive decay
Radioactive decay is the process by which an atomic nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting ionizing particles . The emission is spontaneous, in that the atom decays without any physical interaction with another particle from outside the atom...
mode column
| α | α decay Alpha decay Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle and thereby transforms into an atom with a mass number 4 less and atomic number 2 less... |
| β− | β− decay Beta decay In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a... |
| ε | electron capture Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino... |
| β+ | β+ decay Beta decay In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a... |
| SF | spontaneous fission Spontaneous fission Spontaneous fission is a form of radioactive decay characteristic of very heavy isotopes. Because the nuclear binding energy reaches a maximum at a nuclear mass greater than about 60 atomic mass units , spontaneous breakdown into smaller nuclei and single particles becomes possible at heavier masses... |
| β−β− | double β− decay Double beta decay Double beta decay is a radioactive decay process where a nucleus releases two beta rays as a single process.In double-beta decay, two neutrons in the nucleus are converted to protons, and two electrons and two electron antineutrinos are emitted... |
| β+β+ | double β+ decay Double beta decay Double beta decay is a radioactive decay process where a nucleus releases two beta rays as a single process.In double-beta decay, two neutrons in the nucleus are converted to protons, and two electrons and two electron antineutrinos are emitted... |
| IT | isomeric transition Nuclear isomer A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons . "Metastable" refers to the fact that these excited states have half-lives more than 100 to 1000 times the half-lives of the other possible excited nuclear states... |
| p | proton emission Proton emission Proton emission is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a nucleus. Proton emission can occur from high-lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay, in which case the process is known as beta-delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state of very... |
| n | neutron emission Neutron emission Neutron emission is a type of radioactive decay of atoms containing excess neutrons, in which a neutron is simply ejected from the nucleus. Two examples of isotopes which emit neutrons are helium-5 and beryllium-13... |
Decay modes in parentheses are still not experimentally observed, but are energetically predicted to occur.
decay energy column
Multiple values for (maximal) decay energy are mapped to decay modes in their order.
Nuclides with no experimentally observed decays
Spontaneous fission is theoretically possible for all elements with atomic numbers >40, but has not been observed for a number of these. The list separates nuclides unstable only to this fission mechanism, from the rest of the nuclides following, which are unstable to additional mechanisms.| no | nuclide | A | Z | N | energy | half-life | decay mode | decay energy (Mev) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 56Fe | 56 | 26 | 30 | 9.153567 | |||
| 2 | 62Ni | 62 | 28 | 34 | 9.147877 | |||
| 3 | 60Ni | 60 | 28 | 32 | 9.145862 | |||
| 4 | 58Fe | 58 | 26 | 32 | 9.142938 | |||
| 5 | 52Cr | 52 | 24 | 28 | 9.137037 | |||
| 6 | 57Fe | 57 | 26 | 31 | 9.127119 | |||
| 7 | 59Co | 59 | 27 | 32 | 9.126046 | |||
| 8 | 54Cr | 54 | 24 | 30 | 9.125633 | |||
| 9 | 61Ni | 61 | 28 | 33 | 9.124129 | |||
| 10 | 55Mn | 55 | 25 | 30 | 9.120611 | |||
| 11 | 64Ni | 64 | 28 | 36 | 9.119754 | |||
| 12 | 66Zn | 66 | 30 | 36 | 9.115258 | |||
| 13 | 53Cr | 53 | 24 | 29 | 9.114435 | |||
| 14 | 63Cu | 63 | 29 | 34 | 9.112272 | |||
| 15 | 65Cu | 65 | 29 | 36 | 9.106154 | |||
| 16 | 68Zn | 68 | 30 | 38 | 9.100845 | |||
| 17 | 50Ti | 50 | 22 | 28 | 9.099861 | |||
| 18 | 51V | 51 | 23 | 28 | 9.094884 | |||
| 19 | 67Zn | 67 | 30 | 37 | 9.084468 | |||
| 20 | 48Ti | 48 | 22 | 26 | 9.081488 | |||
| 21 | 72Ge | 72 | 32 | 40 | 9.079465 | |||
| 22 | 70Ge | 70 | 32 | 38 | 9.079372 | |||
| 23 | 69Ga | 69 | 31 | 38 | 9.076078 | |||
| 24 | 88Sr | 88 | 38 | 50 | 9.070438 | |||
| 25 | 74Ge | 74 | 32 | 42 | 9.063522 | |||
| 26 | 49Ti | 49 | 22 | 27 | 9.062323 | |||
| 27 | 76Se | 76 | 34 | 42 | 9.061485 | |||
| 28 | 71Ga | 71 | 31 | 40 | 9.059218 | |||
| 29 | 78Se | 78 | 34 | 44 | 9.058842 | |||
| 30 | 90Zr | 90 | 40 | 50 | 9.057631 | |||
| 31 | 89Y | 89 | 39 | 50 | 9.056743 | |||
| 32 | 86Sr | 86 | 38 | 48 | 9.054160 | |||
| 33 | 82Kr | 82 | 36 | 46 | 9.054126 | |||
| 34 | 84Kr | 84 | 36 | 48 | 9.052649 | |||
| 35 | 73Ge | 73 | 32 | 41 | 9.048006 | |||
| 36 | 87Sr | 87 | 38 | 49 | 9.046964 | |||
| 37 | 75As | 75 | 33 | 42 | 9.045093 | |||
| 38 | 80Kr | 80 | 36 | 44 | 9.044984 | |||
| 39 | 77Se | 77 | 34 | 43 | 9.040153 | |||
| 40 | 85Rb | 85 | 37 | 48 | 9.037998 | |||
| 41 | 91Zr | 91 | 40 | 51 | 9.037156 | |||
| 42 | 83Kr | 83 | 36 | 47 | 9.034966 | |||
| 43 | 79Br | 79 | 35 | 44 | 9.034220 | |||
| 44 | 81Br | 81 | 35 | 46 | 9.033979 | |||
| 45 | 92Zr | 92 | 40 | 52 | 9.032783 | |||
| 46 | 46Ti | 46 | 22 | 24 | 9.030532 | |||
| 47 | 47Ti | 47 | 22 | 25 | 9.027336 | |||
| 48 | 44Ca | 44 | 20 | 24 | 9.013793 | |||
| 49 | 42Ca | 42 | 20 | 22 | 8.989116 | |||
| 50 | 38Ar | 38 | 18 | 20 | 8.984870 | |||
| 51 | 45Sc | 45 | 21 | 24 | 8.983945 | |||
| 52 | 43Ca | 43 | 20 | 23 | 8.964551 | |||
| 53 | 34S | 34 | 16 | 18 | 8.951675 | |||
| 54 | 40Ar | 40 | 18 | 22 | 8.947325 | |||
| 55 | 41K | 41 | 19 | 22 | 8.938623 | |||
| 56 | 39K | 39 | 19 | 20 | 8.938174 | |||
| 57 | 37Cl | 37 | 17 | 20 | 8.929760 | |||
| 58 | 36S | 36 | 16 | 20 | 8.923108 | |||
| 59 | 35Cl | 35 | 17 | 18 | 8.900285 | |||
| 60 | 30Si | 30 | 14 | 16 | 8.885761 | |||
| 61 | 32S | 32 | 16 | 16 | 8.884318 | |||
| 62 | 33S | 33 | 16 | 17 | 8.876964 | |||
| 63 | 31P | 31 | 15 | 16 | 8.859744 | |||
| 64 | 28Si | 28 | 14 | 14 | 8.838935 | |||
| 65 | 29Si | 29 | 14 | 15 | 8.826327 | |||
| 66 | 27Al | 27 | 13 | 14 | 8.708242 | |||
| 67 | 26Mg | 26 | 12 | 14 | 8.694981 | |||
| 68 | 24Mg | 24 | 12 | 12 | 8.651911 | |||
| 69 | 25Mg | 25 | 12 | 13 | 8.599047 | |||
| 70 | 23Na | 23 | 11 | 12 | 8.485675 | |||
| 71 | 22Ne | 22 | 10 | 12 | 8.436087 | |||
| 72 | 20Ne | 20 | 10 | 10 | 8.423422 | |||
| 73 | 16O | 16 | 8 | 8 | 8.367390 | |||
| 74 | 21Ne | 21 | 10 | 11 | 8.344280 | |||
| 75 | 19F | 19 | 9 | 10 | 8.149612 | |||
| 76 | 17O | 17 | 8 | 9 | 8.118904 | |||
| 77 | 18O | 18 | 8 | 10 | 8.114744 | |||
| 78 | 12C | 12 | 6 | 6 | 8.071327 | |||
| 79 | 15N | 15 | 7 | 8 | 8.064594 | |||
| 80 | 14N | 14 | 7 | 7 | 7.866827 | |||
| 81 | 13C | 13 | 6 | 7 | 7.830943 | |||
| 82 | 4He | 4 | 2 | 2 | 7.465077 | |||
| 83 | 11B | 11 | 5 | 6 | 7.283337 | |||
| 84 | 10B | 10 | 5 | 5 | 6.866257 | |||
| 85 | 9Be | 9 | 4 | 5 | 6.810483 | |||
| 86 | 7Li | 7 | 3 | 4 | 5.941599 | |||
| 87 | 6Li | 6 | 3 | 3 | 5.723527 | |||
| 88 | 3He | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3.094327 | |||
| 89 | 2H | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1.503327 | |||
| 90 | 1H | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.782327 | |||
| 91 | 94Mo | 94 | 42 | 52 | 9.011856 | (SF) | < 4.485 | |
| 92 | 93Nb | 93 | 41 | 52 | 9.009051 | (SF) | < 0.943 | |
| 93 | 96Mo | 96 | 42 | 54 | 8.996229 | (SF) | < 5.771 | |
| 94 | 95Mo | 95 | 42 | 53 | 8.994564 | (SF) | < 4.531 | |
| 95 | 97Mo | 97 | 42 | 55 | 8.973806 | (SF) | < 6.226 | |
| 96 | 98Ru | 98 | 44 | 54 | 8.971572 | (SF) | < 11.690 | |
| 97 | 100Ru | 100 | 44 | 56 | 8.963517 | (SF) | < 13.634 | |
| 98 | 99Ru | 99 | 44 | 55 | 8.956348 | (SF) | < 12.368 | |
| 99 | 102Ru | 102 | 44 | 58 | 8.944837 | (SF) | < 12.049 | |
| 100 | 101Ru | 101 | 44 | 57 | 8.942117 | (SF) | < 13.205 | |
| 101 | 104Pd | 104 | 46 | 58 | 8.930847 | (SF) | < 18.969 | |
| 102 | 103Rh | 103 | 45 | 58 | 8.925910 | (SF) | < 15.462 | |
| 103 | 106Pd | 106 | 46 | 60 | 8.919460 | (SF) | < 16.806 | |
| 104 | 105Pd | 105 | 46 | 59 | 8.913356 | (SF) | < 18.247 | |
| 105 | 108Pd | 108 | 46 | 62 | 8.900253 | (SF) | < 16.102 | |
| 106 | 107Ag | 107 | 47 | 60 | 8.897514 | (SF) | < 20.512 | |
| 107 | 110Cd | 110 | 48 | 62 | 8.892718 | (SF) | < 22.486 | |
| 108 | 109Ag | 109 | 47 | 62 | 8.885300 | (SF) | < 19.241 | |
| 109 | 112Cd | 112 | 48 | 64 | 8.880077 | (SF) | < 20.733 | |
| 110 | 111Cd | 111 | 48 | 63 | 8.875445 | (SF) | < 21.883 | |
| 111 | 114Sn | 114 | 50 | 64 | 8.865722 | (SF) | < 27.965 | |
| 112 | 113In | 113 | 49 | 64 | 8.862212 | (SF) | < 24.281 | |
| 113 | 116Sn | 116 | 50 | 66 | 8.860362 | (SF) | < 25.905 | |
| 114 | 115Sn | 115 | 50 | 65 | 8.854249 | (SF) | < 26.791 | |
| 115 | 118Sn | 118 | 50 | 68 | 8.848073 | (SF) | < 23.815 | |
| 116 | 117Sn | 117 | 50 | 67 | 8.843977 | (SF) | < 25.334 | |
| 117 | 120Sn | 120 | 50 | 70 | 8.830537 | (SF) | < 21.824 | |
| 118 | 119Sn | 119 | 50 | 69 | 8.828201 | (SF) | < 23.140 | |
| 119 | 121Sb | 121 | 51 | 70 | 8.811783 | (SF) | < 25.718 | |
| 120 | 122Te | 122 | 52 | 70 | 8.811606 | (SF) | < 30.974 | |
| 121 | 124Te | 124 | 52 | 72 | 8.801364 | (SF) | < 28.221 | |
| 122 | 123Sb | 123 | 51 | 72 | 8.796727 | (SF) | < 23.454 | |
| 123 | 126Te | 126 | 52 | 74 | 8.786126 | (SF) | < 26.011 | |
| 124 | 125Te | 125 | 52 | 73 | 8.783505 | (SF) | < 26.966 | |
| 125 | 128Xe | 128 | 54 | 74 | 8.773359 | (SF) | < 35.047 | |
| 126 | 127I | 127 | 53 | 74 | 8.771981 | (SF) | < 29.961 | |
| 127 | 130Xe | 130 | 54 | 76 | 8.762725 | (SF) | < 32.483 | |
| 128 | 129Xe | 129 | 54 | 75 | 8.758904 | (SF) | < 33.947 | |
| 129 | 132Xe | 132 | 54 | 78 | 8.747695 | (SF) | < 30.885 | |
| 130 | 131Xe | 131 | 54 | 77 | 8.746253 | (SF) | < 31.140 | |
| 131 | 134Ba | 134 | 56 | 78 | 8.735133 | (SF) | < 40.520 | |
| 132 | 133Cs | 133 | 55 | 78 | 8.733515 | (SF) | < 34.753 | |
| 133 | 136Ba | 136 | 56 | 80 | 8.724908 | (SF) | < 38.041 | |
| 134 | 135Ba | 135 | 56 | 79 | 8.722072 | (SF) | < 39.357 | |
| 135 | 137Ba | 137 | 56 | 81 | 8.711628 | (SF) | < 35.722 | |
| 136 | 138Ba | 138 | 56 | 82 | 8.710904 | (SF) | < 34.302 | |
| 137 | 140Ce | 140 | 58 | 82 | 8.700494 | (SF) | < 43.633 | |
| 138 | 139La | 139 | 57 | 82 | 8.698892 | (SF) | < 38.944 | |
| 139 | 141Pr | 141 | 59 | 82 | 8.681405 | (SF) | < 48.450 | |
| 140 | 142Nd | 142 | 60 | 82 | 8.676646 | (SF) | < 53.264 | |
| 141 | 156Gd | 156 | 64 | 92 | 8.536342 | (SF) | < 71.541 | |
| 142 | 157Gd | 157 | 64 | 93 | 8.522478 | (SF) | < 70.531 | |
| 143 | 158Gd | 158 | 64 | 94 | 8.518775 | (SF) | < 70.965 | |
| 144 | 159Tb | 159 | 65 | 94 | 8.508680 | (SF) | < 74.878 | |
| 145 | 163Dy | 163 | 66 | 97 | 8.478607 | (SF) | < 79.055 | |
| 146 | 164Dy | 164 | 66 | 98 | 8.473604 | (SF) | < 79.499 | |
| 147 | 54Fe | 54 | 26 | 28 | 9.113040 | (β+β+) | 0.6800 | |
| 148 | 58Ni | 58 | 28 | 30 | 9.109736 | (β+β+) | 1.9258 | |
| 149 | 74Se | 74 | 34 | 40 | 9.047175 | (β+β+) | 1.2094 | |
| 150 | 80Se | 80 | 34 | 46 | 9.043326 | (β−β−) | 0.1339 | |
| 151 | 86Kr | 86 | 36 | 50 | 9.039532 | (β−β−) | 1.2556 | |
| 152 | 84Sr | 84 | 38 | 46 | 9.031375 | (β+β+) | 1.7867 | |
| 153 | 92Mo | 92 | 42 | 50 | 9.014860 | (β+β+) | 1.6491 | |
| 154 | 94Zr | 94 | 40 | 54 | 8.999698 | (β−β−) | 1.1440 | |
| 155 | 98Mo | 98 | 42 | 56 | 8.970426 | (β−β−) | 0.1125 | |
| 156 | 96Ru | 96 | 44 | 52 | 8.967911 | (β+β+) | 2.7188 | |
| 157 | 102Pd | 102 | 46 | 56 | 8.933337 | (β+β+) | 1.1720 | |
| 158 | 104Ru | 104 | 44 | 60 | 8.918337 | (β−β−) | 1.2997 | |
| 159 | 36Ar | 36 | 18 | 18 | 8.911105 | (β+β+) | 0.4335 | |
| 160 | 110Pd | 110 | 46 | 64 | 8.874500 | (β−β−) | 1.9997 | |
| 161 | 112Sn | 112 | 50 | 62 | 8.862944 | (β+β+) | 1.9222 | |
| 162 | 122Sn | 122 | 50 | 72 | 8.808590 | (β−β−) | 0.3661 | |
| 163 | 124Sn | 124 | 50 | 74 | 8.782914 | (β−β−) | 2.2870 | |
| 164 | 126Xe | 126 | 54 | 72 | 8.779010 | (β+β+) | 0.8973 | |
| 165 | 143Nd | 143 | 60 | 83 | 8.658792 | (α) | 0.5214 | |
| 166 | 144Sm | 144 | 62 | 82 | 8.640577 | (β+β+, α) | 1.7811, 0.0761 | |
| 167 | 145Nd | 145 | 60 | 85 | 8.632963 | (α) | 1.5784 | |
| 168 | 146Nd | 146 | 60 | 86 | 8.625649 | (β−β−, α) | 0.0702, 1.1822 | |
| 169 | 148Nd | 148 | 60 | 88 | 8.594388 | (β−β−, α) | 1.9288, 0.5986 | |
| 170 | 150Sm | 150 | 62 | 88 | 8.585043 | (α) | 1.4495 | |
| 171 | 152Sm | 152 | 62 | 90 | 8.563227 | (α) | 0.2203 | |
| 172 | 153Eu | 153 | 63 | 90 | 8.550893 | (α) | 0.2736 | |
| 173 | 154Gd | 154 | 64 | 90 | 8.549985 | (α) | 0.0812 | |
| 174 | 154Sm | 154 | 62 | 92 | 8.541857 | (β−β−) | 1.2510 | |
| 175 | 155Gd | 155 | 64 | 91 | 8.536341 | (α) | 0.0812 | |
| 176 | 156Dy | 156 | 66 | 90 | 8.523443 | (β+β+, α) | 2.0108, 1.7579 | |
| 177 | 158Dy | 158 | 66 | 92 | 8.516973 | (β+β+, α) | 0.2833, 0.8748 | |
| 178 | 160Dy | 160 | 66 | 94 | 8.506816 | (α) | 0.4387 | |
| 179 | 161Dy | 161 | 66 | 95 | 8.494067 | (α) | 0.3443 | |
| 180 | 162Dy | 162 | 66 | 96 | 8.492234 | (α) | 0.0847 | |
| 181 | 162Er | 162 | 68 | 94 | 8.480852 | (β+β+, α) | 1.8445, 1.6460 | |
| 182 | 164Er | 164 | 68 | 96 | 8.473462 | (β+β+, α) | 0.0241, 1.3041 | |
| 183 | 165Ho | 165 | 67 | 98 | 8.464689 | (α) | 0.1394 | |
| 184 | 166Er | 166 | 68 | 98 | 8.462482 | (α) | 0.8309 | |
| 185 | 167Er | 167 | 68 | 99 | 8.450350 | (α) | 0.6657 | |
| 186 | 168Er | 168 | 68 | 100 | 8.446308 | (α) | 0.5527 | |
| 187 | 168Yb | 168 | 70 | 98 | 8.437845 | (β+β+, α) | 1.4221, 1.9508 | |
| 188 | 169Tm | 169 | 69 | 100 | 8.433931 | (α) | 1.2004 | |
| 189 | 170Yb | 170 | 70 | 100 | 8.428792 | (α) | 1.7376 | |
| 190 | 170Er | 170 | 68 | 102 | 8.424945 | (β−β−, α) | 0.6536, 0.0502 | |
| 191 | 171Yb | 171 | 70 | 101 | 8.418182 | (α) | 1.5589 | |
| 192 | 172Yb | 172 | 70 | 102 | 8.415864 | (α) | 1.3103 | |
| 193 | 173Yb | 173 | 70 | 103 | 8.404023 | (α) | 0.9459 | |
| 194 | 174Yb | 174 | 70 | 104 | 8.398624 | (α) | 0.7401 | |
| 195 | 175Lu | 175 | 71 | 104 | 8.386589 | (α) | 1.6197 | |
| 196 | 176Hf | 176 | 72 | 104 | 8.381427 | (α) | 2.2550 | |
| 197 | 177Hf | 177 | 72 | 105 | 8.370139 | (α) | 2.2449 | |
| 198 | 178Hf | 178 | 72 | 106 | 8.365958 | (α) | 2.0832 | |
| 199 | 179Hf | 179 | 72 | 107 | 8.353293 | (α) | 1.8065 | |
| 200 | 180Hf | 180 | 72 | 108 | 8.347930 | (α) | 1.2828 | |
| 201 | 181Ta | 181 | 73 | 108 | 8.338961 | (α) | 1.5259 | |
| 202 | 185Re | 185 | 75 | 110 | 8.308204 | (α) | 2.1947 | |
| 203 | 187Os | 187 | 76 | 111 | 8.291746 | (α) | 2.7202 | |
| 204 | 188Os | 188 | 76 | 112 | 8.290138 | (α) | 2.1426 | |
| 205 | 189Os | 189 | 76 | 113 | 8.277599 | (α) | 1.9757 | |
| 206 | 190Os | 190 | 76 | 114 | 8.275045 | (α) | 1.3784 | |
| 207 | 191Ir | 191 | 77 | 114 | 8.263508 | (α) | 2.0839 | |
| 208 | 192Pt | 192 | 78 | 114 | 8.260353 | (α) | 2.4181 | |
| 209 | 192Os | 192 | 76 | 116 | 8.258202 | (β−β−, α) | 0.4135, 0.3622 | |
| 210 | 194Pt | 194 | 78 | 116 | 8.250519 | (α) | 1.5045 | |
| 211 | 193Ir | 193 | 77 | 116 | 8.250259 | (α) | 1.0173 | |
| 212 | 195Pt | 195 | 78 | 117 | 8.239516 | (α) | 1.1581 | |
| 213 | 196Pt | 196 | 78 | 118 | 8.237896 | (α) | 0.7942 | |
| 214 | 196Hg | 196 | 80 | 116 | 8.233710 | (β+β+, α) | 0.8197, 2.0273 | |
| 215 | 197Au | 197 | 79 | 118 | 8.229404 | (α) | 0.9545 | |
| 216 | 198Hg | 198 | 80 | 118 | 8.227663 | (α) | 1.3833 | |
| 217 | 198Pt | 198 | 78 | 120 | 8.222378 | (β−β−, α) | 1.0472, 0.0870 | |
| 218 | 199Hg | 199 | 80 | 119 | 8.219805 | (α) | 0.8242 | |
| 219 | 200Hg | 200 | 80 | 120 | 8.218848 | (α) | 0.7178 | |
| 220 | 201Hg | 201 | 80 | 121 | 8.208956 | (α) | 0.3341 | |
| 221 | 202Hg | 202 | 80 | 122 | 8.206703 | (α) | 0.1363 | |
| 222 | 203Tl | 203 | 81 | 122 | 8.198230 | (α) | 0.9108 | |
| 223 | 204Hg | 204 | 80 | 124 | 8.192358 | (β−β−) | 0.4163 | |
| 224 | 205Tl | 205 | 81 | 124 | 8.187526 | (α) | 0.1567 | |
| 225 | 206Pb | 206 | 82 | 124 | 8.186791 | (α) | 1.1366 | |
| 226 | 207Pb | 207 | 82 | 125 | 8.179791 | (α) | 0.3915 | |
| 227 | 208Pb | 208 | 82 | 126 | 8.175888 | (α) | 0.5188 |
Stable primordial nuclides checked for radioactivity as instability candidates
|
33 primordial nuclides measured to be radioactive, or decay products identified (Te-130, Ba-130)
|
Note that the last entry, plutonium-244, has a half-life of 80 million years, or 1/57th of the age of the solar system. It is the shortest half lived primordial nuclide yet to be detected naturally on Earth. Other shorter half lived radionuclides (below) have been detected in uranium ore samples or in the spectra of stars (technetium
Technetium
Technetium is the chemical element with atomic number 43 and symbol Tc. It is the lowest atomic number element without any stable isotopes; every form of it is radioactive. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically and only minute amounts are found in nature...
, promethium
Promethium
Promethium is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. It is notable for being the only exclusively radioactive element besides technetium that is followed by chemical elements with stable isotopes.- Prediction :...
, californium
Californium
Californium is a radioactive metallic chemical element with the symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first made in the laboratory in 1950 by bombarding curium with alpha particles at the University of California, Berkeley. It is the ninth member of the actinide series and was the...
), but are not primordial because they have not existed since the birth of the solar system, but rather, are newly made since that time. Many shorter-lived nuclides found in nature (for example, radium
Radium
Radium is a chemical element with atomic number 88, represented by the symbol Ra. Radium is an almost pure-white alkaline earth metal, but it readily oxidizes on exposure to air, becoming black in color. All isotopes of radium are highly radioactive, with the most stable isotope being radium-226,...
) are radioactive daughter products of primordial longer-lived nuclides. Others are known naturally on Earth from other spontaneous energetic production processes which have produced them since the birth of the solar system (i.e., from cosmic rays, such as carbon-14). By definition, all such nuclides are also not primordial; about 50 of them have been observed to occur naturally.
Non-primordial radionuclides-- half-lives of less than 80 million years
| no | nuclide | energy | half-life | decay mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 289 | 92Nb | 9.010980 | K, β− | |
| 290 | 236U | 7.891470 | α, SF | |
| 291 | 205Pb | 8.187279 | β+ | |
| 292 | 129I | 8.757397 | β− | |
| 293 | 247Cm | 7.806008 | α | |
| 294 | 182Hf | 8.324399 | β− | |
| 295 | 107Pd | 8.897197 | β− | |
| 296 | 98Tc | 8.953246 | β− | |
| 297 | 53Mn | 9.103175 | β+ | |
| 298 | 210mBi | 8.140473 | α | |
| 299 | 154Dy | 8.528457 | α | |
| 300 | 97Tc | 8.970503 | β+ | |
| 301 | 135Cs | 8.720082 | β− | |
| 302 | 237Np | 7.881989 | α, SF | |
| 303 | 150Gd | 8.576454 | α | |
| 304 | 93Zr | 9.008069 | β− | |
| 305 | 10Be | 6.810657 | β− | |
| 306 | 60Fe | 9.094861 | β− | |
| 307 | 26Al | 8.540954 | β+ | |
| 308 | 242Pu | 7.845218 | α, SF | |
| 309 | 208Bi | 8.162049 | β+ | |
| 310 | 248Cm | 7.799586 | α, SF | |
| 311 | 36Cl | 8.891380 | β−, β+ | |
| 312 | 79Se | 9.032310 | β− | |
| 313 | 234U | 7.908308 | α, SF | |
| 314 | 126Sn | 8.754026 | β− | |
| 315 | 81Kr | 9.030513 | β+ | |
| 316 | 99Tc | 8.953379 | β− | |
| 317 | 186mRe | 8.295958 | I | |
| 318 | 233U | 7.912873 | α, SF | |
| 319 | 236Np | 7.887514 | β+, β−, α | |
| 320 | 41Ca | 8.928347 | β+ | |
| 321 | 59Ni | 9.107863 | β+ | |
| 322 | 230Th | 7.937136 | α, SF | |
| 323 | 137La | 8.707101 | β+ | |
| 324 | 202Pb | 8.199714 | β+, α | |
| 325 | 231Pa | 7.926627 | α, SF | |
| 326 | 239Pu | 7.868022 | α, SF | |
| 327 | 94Nb | 8.990099 | β− | |
| 328 | 245Cm | 7.822329 | α, SF | |
| 329 | 250Cm | 7.779371 | SF, α, β− | |
| 330 | 243Am | 7.836035 | α, SF | |
| 331 | 229Th | 7.942127 | α | |
| 332 | 240Pu | 7.862465 | α, SF | |
| 333 | 14C | 7.855620 | β− | |
| 334 | 246Cm | 7.816781 | α, SF | |
| 335 | 163Ho | 8.478591 | β+ | |
| 336 | 93Mo | 9.004693 | β+ | |
| 337 | 226Ra | 7.966597 | α | |
| 338 | 247Bk | 7.806182 | α | |
| 339 | 166mHo | 8.451273 | β− | |
| 340 | 251Cf | 7.775969 | α, SF | |
| 341 | 91Nb | 9.023327 | β+ | |
| 342 | 194Hg | 8.237271 | β+ | |
| 343 | 108mAg | 8.881439 | β+, I | |
| 344 | 241Am | 7.851676 | α, SF | |
| 345 | 249Cf | 7.791305 | α, SF | |
| 346 | 39Ar | 8.923686 | β− | |
| 347 | 192mIr | 8.251875 | I | |
| 348 | 158Tb | 8.511055 | β+, β− | |
| 349 | 242mAm | 7.841913 | I, α, SF | |
| 350 | 32Si | 8.823856 | β− | |
| 351 | 209Po | 8.149633 | α, β+ | |
| 352 | 63Ni | 9.111210 | β− | |
| 353 | 151Sm | 8.565251 | β− | |
| 354 | 238Pu | 7.877358 | α, SF | |
| 355 | 157Tb | 8.522096 | β+ | |
| 356 | 148Gd | 8.586706 | α | |
| 357 | 232U | 7.922143 | α, SF | |
| 358 | 44Ti | 8.924702 | β+ | |
| 359 | 193Pt | 8.249965 | β+ | |
| 360 | 121mSn | 8.808499 | I, β− | |
| 361 | 150Eu | 8.569974 | β+ | |
| 362 | 207Bi | 8.168209 | β+ | |
| 363 | 42Ar | 8.890923 | β− | |
| 364 | 137Cs | 8.703047 | β− | |
| 365 | 243Cm | 7.836004 | α, β+, SF | |
| 366 | 90Sr | 9.026239 | β− | |
| 367 | 210Pb | 8.141462 | β−, α | |
| 368 | 227Ac | 7.957447 | β−, α | |
| 369 | 244Cm | 7.831763 | α, SF | |
| 370 | 145Pm | 8.631838 | β+, α | |
| 371 | 241Pu | 7.851590 | β−, α, SF | |
| 372 | 152Eu | 8.550897 | β+, β− | |
| 373 | 250Cf | 7.786640 | α, SF | |
| 374 | 3H | 3.087994 | β− | |
| 375 | 85Kr | 9.029919 | β− | |
| 376 | 133Ba | 8.729624 | β+ | |
| 377 | 248Bk | 7.796811 | > | α |
| 378 | 154Eu | 8.537200 | β−, β+ | |
| 379 | 194Os | 8.238508 | β− | |
| 380 | 228Ra | 7.944390 | β− | |
| 381 | 146Pm | 8.615574 | β+, β− | |
| 382 | 60Co | 9.098811 | β− | |
| 383 | 155Eu | 8.534711 | β− | |
| 384 | 204Tl | 8.190671 | β−, β+ | |
| 385 | 174Lu | 8.390726 | β+ | |
| 386 | 101Rh | 8.936753 | β+ | |
| 387 | 102mRh | 8.920680 | β+, I | |
| 388 | 208Po | 8.155315 | α, β+ | |
| 389 | 236Pu | 7.889536 | α, SF | |
| 390 | 125Sb | 8.777367 | β− | |
| 391 | 55Fe | 9.116407 | β+ | |
| 392 | 252Cf | 7.769605 | α, SF | |
| 393 | 147Pm | 8.609068 | β− | |
| 394 | 22Na | 8.306891 | β+ | |
| 395 | 134Cs | 8.719768 | β−, β+ | |
| 396 | 171Tm | 8.417620 | β− | |
| 397 | 228Th | 7.953906 | α | |
| 398 | 172Hf | 8.399252 | β+ | |
| 399 | 179Ta | 8.352703 | β+ | |
| 400 | 173Lu | 8.400147 | β+ | |
| 401 | 252Es | 7.764621 | α, β+, β− | |
| 402 | 109Cd | 8.883327 | β+ | |
| 403 | 235Np | 7.896669 | β+, α | |
| 404 | 106Ru | 8.885686 | β− | |
| 405 | 144Pm | 8.636751 | β+ | |
| 406 | 145Sm | 8.627590 | β+ | |
| 407 | 248Cf | 7.800198 | α, SF . | |
| 408 | 249Bk | 7.790805 | β−, α, SF | |
| 409 | 49V | 9.050040 | β+ | |
| 410 | 54Mn | 9.100131 | β+, β− | |
| 411 | 144Ce | 8.629918 | β− | |
| 412 | 254Es | 7.748524 | α, β−, SF, β+ | |
| 413 | 57Co | 9.112454 | β+ | |
| 414 | 68Ge | 9.056327 | β+ | |
| 415 | 143Pm | 8.651509 | β+ | |
| 416 | 110mAg | 8.865355 | β−, I | |
| 417 | 65Zn | 9.085352 | β+ | |
| 418 | 153Gd | 8.547731 | β+ | |
| 419 | 195Au | 8.238353 | β+ | |
| 420 | 194mIr | 8.238025 | β− | |
| 421 | 184mRe | 8.310670 | I, β+ | |
| 422 | 242Cm | 7.844860 | α, SF | |
| 423 | 45Ca | 8.978261 | β− | |
| 424 | 177mLu | 8.361829 | β−, I | |
| 425 | 121mTe | 8.800749 | I, β+ | |
| 426 | 159Dy | 8.506378 | β+ | |
| 427 | 210Po | 8.147295 | α | |
| 428 | 139Ce | 8.696881 | β+ | |
| 429 | 123Sn | 8.785311 | β− | |
| 430 | 170Tm | 8.423096 | β−, β+ | |
| 431 | 151Gd | 8.562685 | β+, α | |
| 432 | 181W | 8.337924 | β+ | |
| 433 | 75Se | 9.033581 | β+ | |
| 434 | 113Sn | 8.853035 | β+ | |
| 435 | 182Ta | 8.326456 | β− | |
| 436 | 127mTe | 8.765759 | I | |
| 437 | 88Y | 9.029272 | β+ | |
| 438 | 257Fm | 7.726619 | α, SF | |
| 439 | 185Os | 8.302730 | β+ | |
| 440 | 168Tm | 8.436316 | β+, β− | |
| 441 | 149Eu | 8.584395 | β+ | |
| 442 | 35S | 8.895510 | β− | |
| 443 | 83Rb | 9.024038 | β+ | |
| 444 | 46Sc | 8.979091 | β− | |
| 445 | 88Zr | 9.021589 | β+ | |
| 446 | 73As | 9.043341 | β+ | |
| 447 | 56Co | 9.072031 | β+ | |
| 448 | 185W | 8.305866 | β− | |
| 449 | 160Tb | 8.495346 | β− | |
| 450 | 58Co | 9.103153 | β+ | |
| 451 | 183Re | 8.321661 | β+ | |
| 452 | 175Hf | 8.382665 | β+ | |
| 453 | 188W | 8.277003 | β− | |
| 454 | 85Sr | 9.025480 | β+ | |
| 455 | 95Zr | 8.972989 | β− | |
| 456 | 95mTc | 8.976359 | β+, I | |
| 457 | 254Cf | 7.751087 | SF, α | |
| 458 | 124Sb | 8.777943 | β− | |
| 459 | 125I | 8.782019 | β+ | |
| 460 | 91Y | 9.020174 | β− | |
| 461 | 148Eu | 8.586882 | β+, α | |
| 462 | 7Be | 5.818470 | β+ | |
| 463 | 258Md | 7.715948 | α, SF | |
| 464 | 89Sr | 9.039969 | β− | |
| 465 | 114mIn | 8.846608 | I, β+ | |
| 466 | 146Gd | 8.592512 | β+ | |
| 467 | 203Hg | 8.195806 | β− | |
| 468 | 237Pu | 7.881060 | β+, α | |
| 469 | 115mCd | 8.835754 | β− | |
| 470 | 59Fe | 9.099516 | β− | |
| 471 | 181Hf | 8.333272 | β− | |
| 472 | 148mPm | 8.589800 | β−, I | |
| 473 | 105Ag | 8.900547 | β+ | |
| 474 | 255Es | 7.741567 | β−, α, SF | |
| 475 | 103Ru | 8.918500 | β− | |
| 476 | 127Xe | 8.766768 | β+ | |
| 477 | 95Nb | 8.984821 | β− | |
| 478 | 37Ar | 8.907752 | β+ | |
| 479 | 129mTe | 8.744953 | I, β− | |
| 480 | 84Rb | 9.020732 | β+, β− | |
| 481 | 241Cm | 7.848492 | β+, α | |
| 482 | 141Ce | 8.677286 | β− | |
| 483 | 169Yb | 8.428546 | β+ | |
| 484 | 260Md | 7.699789 | SF, α, β+, β− | |
| 485 | 51Cr | 9.080127 | β+ | |
| 486 | 240Cm | 7.855805 | α, β+, SF | |
| 487 | 233Pa | 7.910426 | β− | |
| 488 | 82Sr | 8.998254 | β+ | |
| 489 | 33P | 8.869434 | β− | |
| 490 | 234Th | 7.897763 | β− | |
| 491 | 147Eu | 8.598879 | β+, α | |
| 492 | 178W | 8.354563 | β+ | |
| 493 | 230U | 7.933871 | α, SF | |
| 494 | 253Es | 7.759019 | α, SF | |
| 495 | 227Th | 7.957644 | α | |
| 496 | 86Rb | 9.033502 | β−, β+ | |
| 497 | 253Cf | 7.757885 | β−, α | |
| 498 | 74As | 9.028895 | β+, β− | |
| 499 | 230Pa | 7.931436 | β+, β−, α | |
| 500 | 103Pd | 8.920638 | β+ | |
| 501 | 99Rh | 8.935711 | β+ | |
| 502 | 48V | 8.997890 | β+ | |
| 503 | 191Os | 8.261870 | β− | |
| 504 | 205Bi | 8.174069 | β+ | |
| 505 | 156Eu | 8.520642 | β− | |
| 506 | 225Ra | 7.973576 | β− | |
| 507 | 32P | 8.830865 | β− | |
| 508 | 143Pr | 8.652258 | β− | |
| 509 | 189Ir | 8.274783 | β+ | |
| 510 | 136Cs | 8.706171 | β− | |
| 511 | 126I | 8.769026 | β+, β− | |
| 512 | 140Ba | 8.666120 | β− | |
| 513 | 126Sb | 8.757042 | β− | |
| 514 | 202Tl | 8.199956 | β+ | |
| 515 | 190Ir | 8.264755 | β+ | |
| 516 | 131Ba | 8.733037 | β+ | |
| 517 | 223Ra | 7.994042 | α | |
| 518 | 71Ge | 9.055943 | β+ | |
| 519 | 147Nd | 8.602973 | β− | |
| 520 | 246Pu | 7.805494 | β− | |
| 521 | 188Pt | 8.272514 | β+, α | |
| 522 | 225Ac | 7.975159 | α | |
| 523 | 131Cs | 8.743541 | β+ | |
| 524 | 125Sn | 8.758515 | β− | |
| 525 | 169Er | 8.431852 | β− | |
| 526 | 149Gd | 8.575576 | β+, α | |
| 527 | 167Tm | 8.445866 | β+ | |
| 528 | 206Po | 8.159590 | β+, α | |
| 529 | 72Se | 9.014300 | β+ | |
| 530 | 106mAg | 8.890639 | β+ | |
| 531 | 171Lu | 8.409532 | β+ | |
| 532 | 131I | 8.738842 | β− | |
| 533 | 257Es | 7.723468 | β−, SF | |
| 534 | 111Ag | 8.866111 | β− | |
| 535 | 161Tb | 8.490383 | β− | |
| 536 | 237U | 7.879800 | β− | |
| 537 | 172Lu | 8.401217 | β+ | |
| 538 | 132Cs | 8.731599 | β+, β− | |
| 539 | 206Bi | 8.168551 | β+ | |
| 540 | 196Au | 8.230205 | β+, β− | |
| 541 | 56Ni | 9.033899 | β+ | |
| 542 | 118Te | 8.814726 | β+ | |
| 543 | 145Eu | 8.609245 | β+ | |
| 544 | 120mSb | 8.808194 | β+ | |
| 545 | 52Mn | 9.046431 | β+ | |
| 546 | 156Tb | 8.520667 | β+ | |
| 547 | 155Tb | 8.531031 | β+ | |
| 548 | 133Xe | 8.730302 | β− | |
| 549 | 183Ta | 8.318847 | β− | |
| 550 | 245Bk | 7.819020 | β+, α | |
| 551 | 119mTe | 8.801773 | β+, I | |
| 552 | 146Eu | 8.599560 | β+ | |
| 553 | 47Ca | 8.972181 | β− | |
| 554 | 234Np | 7.900571 | β+ | |
| 555 | 96Tc | 8.965255 | β+ | |
| 556 | 231U | 7.924977 | β+, α | |
| 557 | 175Yb | 8.383902 | β− | |
| 558 | 124I | 8.775884 | β+ | |
| 559 | 127Sb | 8.754005 | β− | |
| 560 | 222Rn | 7.997573 | α | |
| 561 | 224Ra | 7.987277 | α | |
| 562 | 100Pd | 8.923587 | β+ | |
| 563 | 166Dy | 8.448376 | β− | |
| 564 | 140Nd | 8.673113 | β+ | |
| 565 | 47Sc | 9.014564 | β− | |
| 566 | 87Y | 9.025565 | β+ | |
| 567 | 89Zr | 9.024912 | β+ | |
| 568 | 67Ga | 9.069532 | β+ | |
| 569 | 132Te | 8.716646 | β− | |
| 570 | 134Ce | 8.704432 | β+ | |
| 571 | 199Au | 8.217534 | β− | |
| 572 | 201Tl | 8.206561 | β+ | |
| 573 | 253Fm | 7.757691 | β+, α | |
| 574 | 191Pt | 8.258228 | β+ | |
| 575 | 111In | 8.867688 | β+ | |
| 576 | 97Ru | 8.959080 | β+ | |
| 577 | 99Mo | 8.939669 | β− | |
| 578 | 122Sb | 8.795346 | β−, β+ | |
| 579 | 71As | 9.027581 | β+ | |
| 580 | 198Au | 8.220732 | β− | |
| 581 | 197Hg | 8.226358 | β+ | |
| 582 | 90Y | 9.032294 | β− | |
| 583 | 182Re | 8.321053 | β+ | |
| 584 | 172Tm | 8.404932 | β− | |
| 585 | 67Cu | 9.076086 | β− | |
| 586 | 44mSc | 8.924627 | I, β+ | |
| 587 | 128Ba | 8.738523 | β+ | |
| 588 | 77Br | 9.022431 | β+ | |
| 589 | 166Yb | 8.442340 | β+ | |
| 590 | 177Ta | 8.363553 | β+ | |
| 591 | 239Np | 7.864999 | β− | |
| 592 | 153Tb | 8.537471 | β+ | |
| 593 | 66Ni | 9.071423 | β− | |
| 594 | 247Pu | 7.791975 | β− | |
| 595 | 149Pm | 8.581871 | β− | |
| 596 | 203Pb | 8.193431 | β+ | |
| 597 | 238Np | 7.871931 | β− | |
| 598 | 240Am | 7.856694 | β+, α | |
| 599 | 172Er | 8.399752 | β− | |
| 600 | 170Lu | 8.408445 | β+ | |
| 601 | 252Cm | 7.757439 | < | β− |
| 602 | 72Zn | 9.017591 | β− | |
| 603 | 153Sm | 8.545614 | β− | |
| 604 | 202Pt | 8.183209 | β− | |
| 605 | 48Sc | 8.998327 | β− | |
| 606 | 246Bk | 7.811287 | β+, α | |
| 607 | 195mHg | 8.229399 | I, β+ | |
| 608 | 188Ir | 8.275200 | β+ | |
| 609 | 140La | 8.673620 | β− | |
| 610 | 69Ge | 9.043800 | β+ | |
| 611 | 77As | 9.031283 | β− | |
| 612 | 119Sb | 8.823235 | β+ | |
| 613 | 147Gd | 8.584001 | β+ | |
| 614 | 194Au | 8.237626 | β+ | |
| 615 | 229Pa | 7.940769 | β+, α | |
| 616 | 246Cf | 7.810792 | α, β+, SF | |
| 617 | 57Ni | 9.055222 | β+ | |
| 618 | 105Rh | 8.907956 | β− | |
| 619 | 82Br | 9.016407 | β− | |
| 620 | 79Kr | 9.013644 | β+ | |
| 621 | 137mCe | 8.696327 | I, β+ | |
| 622 | 169Lu | 8.414978 | β+ | |
| 623 | 143Ce | 8.642041 | β− | |
| 624 | 251Es | 7.774467 | β+, α | |
| 625 | 83Sr | 8.996568 | β+ | |
| 626 | 129Cs | 8.749622 | β+ | |
| 627 | 268Db | 7.635133 | SF | |
| 628 | 232Pa | 7.916379 | β−, β+ | |
| 629 | 193Os | 8.244348 | β− | |
| 630 | 165Tm | 8.452758 | β+ | |
| 631 | 131mTe | 8.720392 | β−, I | |
| 632 | 226Ac | 7.963761 | β−, β+, α | |
| 633 | 160Er | 8.484190 | β+ | |
| 634 | 151Pm | 8.557387 | β− | |
| 635 | 76As | 9.022505 | β− | |
| 636 | 200Tl | 8.206567 | β+ | |
| 637 | 72As | 9.018966 | β+ | |
| 638 | 231Th | 7.924932 | β−, α | |
| 639 | 252Fm | 7.766498 | α, SF | |
| 640 | 189Re | 8.272269 | β− |
Nuclides with half-lives less than 24 hours but more than 1.0 hour
| no | nuclide | energy | half-life | decay mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 641 | 187W | 8.284722 | β− | |
| 642 | 173Hf | 8.391617 | β+ | |
| 643 | 96Nb | 8.963036 | β− | |
| 644 | 154mTb | 8.526912 | β+, I | |
| 645 | 43K | 8.922327 | β− | |
| 646 | 182Os | 8.316432 | β+ | |
| 647 | 228Pa | 7.944468 | β+, α | |
| 648 | 48Cr | 8.963390 | β+ | |
| 649 | 200Pb | 8.202542 | β+ | |
| 650 | 112Pd | 8.842185 | β− | |
| 651 | 28Mg | 8.607706 | β− | |
| 652 | 100Rh | 8.927167 | β+ | |
| 653 | 133I | 8.717094 | β− | |
| 654 | 122Xe | 8.770959 | β+ | |
| 655 | 255Fm | 7.742704 | α, SF | |
| 656 | 181Re | 8.328294 | β+ | |
| 657 | 197Pt | 8.225756 | β− | |
| 658 | 135La | 8.713179 | β+ | |
| 659 | 142Pr | 8.661417 | β−, β+ | |
| 660 | 200mAu | 8.202877 | β−, I | |
| 661 | 159Gd | 8.502576 | β− | |
| 662 | 135Ce | 8.698179 | β+ | |
| 663 | 193Au | 8.244353 | β+ | |
| 664 | 151Tb | 8.545692 | β+, α | |
| 665 | 55Co | 9.053647 | β+ | |
| 666 | 152Tb | 8.536591 | β+, α | |
| 667 | 188Re | 8.278860 | β− | |
| 668 | 125Xe | 8.768864 | β+ | |
| 669 | 97Zr | 8.926451 | β− | |
| 670 | 186Ir | 8.281935 | β+ | |
| 671 | 86Zr | 8.975979 | β+ | |
| 672 | 76Br | 8.996183 | β+ | |
| 673 | 170Hf | 8.402210 | β+ | |
| 674 | 157Eu | 8.513792 | β− | |
| 675 | 24Na | 8.422082 | β− | |
| 676 | 76Kr | 8.979406 | β+ | |
| 677 | 86Y | 8.993234 | β+ | |
| 678 | 211Rn | 8.112825 | β+, α | |
| 679 | 90Nb | 8.989727 | β+ | |
| 680 | 185Ir | 8.289382 | β+ | |
| 681 | 240U | 7.851682 | β− | |
| 682 | 72Ga | 9.023958 | β− | |
| 683 | 69mZn | 9.056536 | I, β− | |
| 684 | 109Pd | 8.875061 | β− | |
| 685 | 123I | 8.786311 | β+ | |
| 686 | 265Rf | 7.661139 | ≈ | α |
| 687 | 183Os | 8.309907 | β+ | |
| 688 | 64Cu | 9.093581 | β+, β− | |
| 689 | 200Pt | 8.204342 | β− | |
| 690 | 130I | 8.740035 | β− | |
| 691 | 42K | 8.905175 | β− | |
| 692 | 171Hf | 8.395480 | β+ | |
| 693 | 239Am | 7.864666 | β+, α | |
| 694 | 193mHg | 8.231483 | β+, I | |
| 695 | 203Bi | 8.177436 | β+ | |
| 696 | 77Ge | 8.996185 | β− | |
| 697 | 204Bi | 8.172651 | β+ | |
| 698 | 189Pt | 8.264359 | β+ | |
| 699 | 212Pb | 8.106928 | β− | |
| 700 | 175Ta | 8.370813 | β+ | |
| 701 | 245Pu | 7.813752 | β− | |
| 702 | 187Ir | 8.283713 | β+ | |
| 703 | 165Er | 8.462406 | β+ | |
| 704 | 93Y | 8.976951 | β− | |
| 705 | 244Am | 7.825914 | β− | |
| 706 | 266Rf | 7.658170 | ≈ | α, SF |
| 707 | 265Lr | 7.664158 | α, SF | |
| 708 | 264Lr | 7.669055 | α, SF | |
| 709 | 155Dy | 8.517521 | β+ | |
| 710 | 91Sr | 8.990503 | β− | |
| 711 | 66Ga | 9.036843 | β+ | |
| 712 | 156Sm | 8.516007 | β− | |
| 713 | 201Pb | 8.196989 | β+ | |
| 714 | 62Zn | 9.057957 | β+ | |
| 715 | 135Xe | 8.711453 | β− | |
| 716 | 128Sb | 8.732343 | β− | |
| 717 | 234Pu | 7.898892 | β+, α | |
| 718 | 184Ta | 8.304154 | β− | |
| 719 | 250Es | 7.778407 | β+, α | |
| 720 | 101Pd | 8.917149 | β+ | |
| 721 | 52Fe | 9.000789 | β+ | |
| 722 | 173Tm | 8.396524 | β− | |
| 723 | 157Dy | 8.513544 | β+ | |
| 724 | 210At | 8.128337 | β+, α | |
| 725 | 176Ta | 8.363202 | β+ | |
| 726 | 166Tm | 8.444183 | β+ | |
| 727 | 256mEs | 7.730742 | β− | |
| 728 | 171Er | 8.408901 | β− | |
| 729 | 199Tl | 8.212333 | β+ | |
| 730 | 211At | 8.126527 | β+, α | |
| 731 | 73Se | 9.005821 | β+ | |
| 732 | 234Pa | 7.898930 | β− | |
| 733 | 135I | 8.691994 | β− | |
| 734 | 107Cd | 8.884271 | β+ | |
| 735 | 82mRb | 8.999608 | β+, I | |
| 736 | 153Dy | 8.523288 | β+, α | |
| 737 | 127Cs | 8.750383 | β+ | |
| 738 | 228Ac | 7.944591 | β− | |
| 739 | 268Rf | 7.641477 | α, SF | |
| 740 | 145Pr | 8.620514 | β− | |
| 741 | 207Po | 8.154158 | β+, α | |
| 742 | 90Mo | 8.962072 | β+ | |
| 743 | 257Md | 7.725040 | β+, α, SF | |
| 744 | 111mPd | 8.844589 | I, β− | |
| 745 | 139mNd | 8.659529 | β+, I | |
| 746 | 209At | 8.132954 | β+, α | |
| 747 | 113Ag | 8.841531 | β− | |
| 748 | 198Tl | 8.210166 | β+ | |
| 749 | 251Fm | 7.768590 | β+, α | |
| 750 | 138Nd | 8.665661 | β+ | |
| 751 | 160mHo | 8.485877 | I, β+ | |
| 752 | 118mSb | 8.814963 | β+ | |
| 753 | 263Lr | 7.677031 | α | |
| 754 | 243Pu | 7.833648 | β− | |
| 755 | 192Au | 8.242036 | β+ | |
| 756 | 110In | 8.857464 | β+ | |
| 757 | 133mCe | 8.690771 | β+ | |
| 758 | 94Tc | 8.966583 | β+ | |
| 759 | 85mY | 8.986880 | β+, I | |
| 760 | 73Ga | 9.026112 | β− | |
| 761 | 192Hg | 8.238051 | β+ | |
| 762 | 132La | 8.705721 | β+ | |
| 763 | 179Lu | 8.345428 | β− | |
| 764 | 81Rb | 9.002871 | β+ | |
| 765 | 243Bk | 7.829801 | β+, α | |
| 766 | 105Ru | 8.889689 | β− | |
| 767 | 80mBr | 9.018872 | I | |
| 768 | 139Pr | 8.681565 | β+ | |
| 769 | 129Sb | 8.727358 | β− | |
| 770 | 244Bk | 7.822491 | β+, α | |
| 771 | 109In | 8.864805 | β+ | |
| 772 | 184Hf | 8.296871 | β− | |
| 773 | 149Tb | 8.551166 | β+, α | |
| 774 | 110Sn | 8.851727 | β+ | |
| 775 | 262Lr | 7.681556 | SF, β+, α | |
| 776 | 71mZn | 9.017370 | β−, I | |
| 777 | 141La | 8.659540 | β− | |
| 778 | 133La | 8.714109 | β+ | |
| 779 | 43Sc | 8.912907 | β+ | |
| 780 | 195mIr | 8.233326 | β−, I | |
| 781 | 92Y | 8.993208 | β− | |
| 782 | 204Po | 8.161200 | β+, α | |
| 783 | 132Ce | 8.696131 | β+ | |
| 784 | 150Tb | 8.545394 | β+, α | |
| 785 | 117mCd | 8.808840 | β− | |
| 786 | 61Cu | 9.087452 | β+ | |
| 787 | 209Pb | 8.155607 | β− | |
| 788 | 254Fm | 7.752808 | α, SF | |
| 789 | 250Bk | 7.779523 | β− | |
| 790 | 161Er | 8.476352 | β+ | |
| 791 | 190mRe | 8.257433 | β−, I | |
| 792 | 191Au | 8.248343 | β+ | |
| 793 | 173Ta | 8.374218 | β+ | |
| 794 | 112Ag | 8.844756 | β− | |
| 795 | 247Cf | 7.803566 | β+, α | |
| 796 | 184Ir | 8.286599 | β+ | |
| 797 | 45Ti | 8.938121 | β+ | |
| 798 | 167Ho | 8.444304 | β− | |
| 799 | 269Db | 7.630064 | α, SF | |
| 800 | 239Cm | 7.857143 | β+, α | |
| 801 | 197Tl | 8.215190 | β+ | |
| 802 | 88Kr | 8.976918 | β− | |
| 803 | 38S | 8.778196 | β− | |
| 804 | 117Sb | 8.828977 | β+ | |
| 805 | 224Ac | 7.980993 | β+, α, β− | |
| 806 | 93Tc | 8.970274 | β+ | |
| 807 | 150Pm | 8.562014 | β− | |
| 808 | 92Sr | 8.972067 | β− | |
| 809 | 256Fm | 7.737398 | SF, α | |
| 810 | 31Si | 8.811618 | β− | |
| 811 | 56Mn | 9.087572 | β− | |
| 812 | 65Ni | 9.073267 | β− | |
| 813 | 176W | 8.359055 | β+ | |
| 814 | 116Te | 8.806414 | β+ | |
| 815 | 141Nd | 8.668476 | β+ | |
| 816 | 161Ho | 8.488737 | β+ | |
| 817 | 210Rn | 8.117032 | α, β+ | |
| 818 | 198Pb | 8.202893 | β+ | |
| 819 | 238Cm | 7.863764 | β+, α | |
| 820 | 83Br | 9.023243 | β− | |
| 821 | 152Dy | 8.532670 | β+, α | |
| 822 | 178mTa | 8.355075 | β+ | |
| 823 | 187Pt | 8.267638 | β+ | |
| 824 | 165Dy | 8.456891 | β− | |
| 825 | 267Rf | 7.647357 | SF | |
| 826 | 132I | 8.720570 | β− | |
| 827 | 158Er | 8.484619 | β+ | |
| 828 | 66Ge | 9.004964 | β+ | |
| 829 | 129Ba | 8.730746 | β+ | |
| 830 | 177W | 8.352118 | β+ | |
| 831 | 106mRh | 8.884761 | β− | |
| 832 | 138mPr | 8.671088 | β+ | |
| 833 | 121I | 8.784443 | β+ | |
| 834 | 127Sn | 8.728800 | β− | |
| 835 | 123Xe | 8.764409 | β+ | |
| 836 | 186Pt | 8.274897 | β+, α | |
| 837 | 245Am | 7.818674 | β− | |
| 838 | 89Nb | 8.977507 | β+ | |
| 839 | 117mIn | 8.828849 | β−, I | |
| 840 | 177Yb | 8.359401 | β− | |
| 841 | 196Tl | 8.211618 | β+ | |
| 842 | 18F | 8.022789 | β+ | |
| 843 | 41Ar | 8.877852 | β− | |
| 844 | 163Tm | 8.456205 | β+ | |
| 845 | 239Pa | 7.848148 | β− | |
| 846 | 201Bi | 8.177875 | β+, α | |
| 847 | 207At | 8.135303 | β+, α | |
| 848 | 224Rn | 7.971327 | β− | |
| 849 | 80Sr | 8.950177 | β+ | |
| 850 | 181Os | 8.311935 | β+ | |
| 851 | 205Po | 8.156737 | β+, α | |
| 852 | 149Nd | 8.570529 | β− | |
| 853 | 202Bi | 8.173966 | β+, α | |
| 854 | 249Es | 7.785464 | β+, α | |
| 855 | 147Tb | 8.552634 | β+ | |
| 856 | 87Zr | 8.983373 | β+ | |
| 857 | 126Ba | 8.727439 | β+ | |
| 858 | 61Co | 9.102449 | β− | |
| 859 | 95Ru | 8.949749 | β+ | |
| 860 | 238Am | 7.867882 | β+, α | |
| 861 | 208At | 8.131376 | β+, α | |
| 862 | 75Br | 8.993181 | β+ | |
| 863 | 259Md | 7.709860 | SF, α | |
| 864 | 230Ra | 7.921249 | β− | |
| 865 | 142La | 8.634954 | β− | |
| 866 | 78As | 9.004879 | β− | |
| 867 | 199Pb | 8.198111 | β+ | |
| 868 | 274Bh | 7.587021 | α, SF | |
| 869 | 273Bh | 7.594771 | α, SF | |
| 870 | 78Ge | 8.992635 | β− | |
| 871 | 255Cf | 7.738739 | β− | |
| 872 | 196mIr | 8.219440 | β−, I | |
| 873 | 139Ba | 8.682217 | β− | |
| 874 | 75Ge | 9.029413 | β− | |
| 875 | 120I | 8.769577 | β+ | |
| 876 | 256Md | 7.729062 | β+, α, SF | |
| 877 | 137Pr | 8.678459 | β+ | |
| 878 | 87Kr | 8.999022 | β− | |
| 879 | 164Yb | 8.443419 | β+ | |
| 880 | 163Er | 8.471168 | β+ | |
| 881 | 77Kr | 8.982618 | β+ | |
| 882 | 178Yb | 8.350530 | β− | |
| 883 | 267Db | 7.644361 | SF | |
| 884 | 237Am | 7.874830 | β+, α | |
| 885 | 142Sm | 8.627616 | β+ | |
| 886 | 97Nb | 8.953864 | β− | |
| 887 | 185Pt | 8.269598 | β+ | |
| 888 | 195Tl | 8.215712 | β+ | |
| 889 | 104Ag | 8.889702 | β+ | |
| 890 | 174Ta | 8.368684 | β+ | |
| 891 | 68Ga | 9.057888 | β+ | |
| 892 | 162mHo | 8.478371 | I, β+ | |
| 893 | 103Ag | 8.894541 | β+ | |
| 894 | 249Cm | 7.787191 | β− | |
| 895 | 183Hf | 8.307885 | β− | |
| 896 | 229Ac | 7.937048 | β− | |
| 897 | 117Te | 8.798652 | β+ | |
| 898 | 240Np | 7.853348 | β− | |
| 899 | 212Bi | 8.109617 | β−, α | |
| 900 | 116mSb | 8.816483 | β+ | |
| 901 | 148Tb | 8.547949 | β+ | |
| 902 | 272Sg | 7.608460 | α, SF | |
| 903 | 264Rf | 7.669055 | α | |
| 904 | 266Lr | 7.653658 | α, SF | |
| 905 | 276Hs | 7.574588 | α, SF |
See also
- Primordial nuclidePrimordial nuclideIn geochemistry and geonuclear physics, primordial nuclides or primordial isotopes are nuclides found on the earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Only 288 such nuclides are known...
- Table of nuclidesTable of nuclidesThe tables listed below provide information on the basic properties of all nuclides.* Neutron + Element 1 - Element 24 * Element 25 - Element 48 * Element 49 - Element 72...
- Isotope geochemistryIsotope geochemistryIsotope geochemistry is an aspect of geology based upon study of the relative and absolute concentrations of the elements and their isotopes in the Earth. Variations in the abundance of these isotopes, typically measured with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer or an accelerator mass spectrometer,...
- RadionuclideRadionuclideA radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy available to be imparted either to a newly created radiation particle within the nucleus or to an atomic electron. The radionuclide, in this process, undergoes radioactive decay, and emits gamma...
- Mononuclidic element
- Monoisotopic elementMonoisotopic elementA monoisotopic element is one of 26 chemical elements which have only a single stable isotope . A list is given in a following section....
- Stable isotopeStable isotopeStable isotopes are chemical isotopes that may or may not be radioactive, but if radioactive, have half-lives too long to be measured.Only 90 nuclides from the first 40 elements are energetically stable to any kind of decay save proton decay, in theory...
- List of elements by stability of isotopes
Sources
Almost all data are taken from. For more recent updates see. The sources do not indicate whether certain heavy isotopes starting from Lr, Rf, Db... were produced, observed or only predicted with the estimated data.External links
- Experimental atomic mass data compiled Nov. 2003
- J. Magill, G. Pfennig, J. Galy "Karlsruher Nuclide Chart", 7th edition 2006, revised printing Nov. 2007
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The LIVEChart of Nuclides - IAEA with dynamic half-life filtering, in Java or HTML - Nice Overview picture for energy of nuclides
- National Isotope Development Center Reference information on isotopes, and coordination and management of isotope production, availability, and distribution
- Isotope Development & Production for Research and Applications (IDPRA) U.S. Department of Energy program for isotope production and production research and development