List of extraterrestrial dune fields
Encyclopedia
This is a list of dune fields not on Earth which have been given official names by the International Astronomical Union
. Dune fields are named according to the IAU's rules of planetary nomenclature
. The relevant descriptor term is undae. As of now, the only two solar system bodies besides Earth with named dune fields are Venus
and Mars
. Dune fields have been discovered on Saturn
's moon Titan
.
in accordance with the IAU's rules. All five of them lie between 75°N to 85°N, between Planum Boreum
and Vastitas Borealis
. These dune fields span over 200 degrees of longitude. They are listed below.
In addition, as part of the Mars Exploration Rover
mission, a small dune field unofficially named El Dorado on the south side of Husband Hill
in Gusev crater
was investigated by the Spirit rover
from sols
706 to 710. Analysis of El Dorado showed that it consists of black wind-blown sand which is "well-sorted, well-rounded and olivine
rich.
International Astronomical Union
The International Astronomical Union IAU is a collection of professional astronomers, at the Ph.D. level and beyond, active in professional research and education in astronomy...
. Dune fields are named according to the IAU's rules of planetary nomenclature
Planetary nomenclature
Planetary nomenclature, like terrestrial nomenclature, is a system of uniquely identifying features on the surface of a planet or natural satellite so that the features can be easily located, described, and discussed. The task of assigning official names to features is taken up by the International...
. The relevant descriptor term is undae. As of now, the only two solar system bodies besides Earth with named dune fields are Venus
Venus
Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. The planet is named after Venus, the Roman goddess of love and beauty. After the Moon, it is the brightest natural object in the night sky, reaching an apparent magnitude of −4.6, bright enough to cast shadows...
and Mars
Mars
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. The planet is named after the Roman god of war, Mars. It is often described as the "Red Planet", as the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance...
. Dune fields have been discovered on Saturn
Saturn
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the Solar System, after Jupiter. Saturn is named after the Roman god Saturn, equated to the Greek Cronus , the Babylonian Ninurta and the Hindu Shani. Saturn's astronomical symbol represents the Roman god's sickle.Saturn,...
's moon Titan
Titan (moon)
Titan , or Saturn VI, is the largest moon of Saturn, the only natural satellite known to have a dense atmosphere, and the only object other than Earth for which clear evidence of stable bodies of surface liquid has been found....
.
Venus
There are three officially named dune fields on Venus. They are named after desert goddesses, as per the IAU's rules. They are listed below.- Al-Uzza Undae 67.7N, 90.5E - named after UzzaUzzaAl-Uzzá was one of the three chief goddesses of Arabian religion in pre-Islamic times and was worshiped as one of the daughters of Allah by the pre-Islamic arabs along with Allāt and Manāt. Al-‘Uzzá was also worshipped by the Nabataeans, who equated her with the Greek goddess Aphrodite Ourania...
, an Arabian desert goddess - Menat Undae 24.8S, 339.4E
- Ningal Undae 9.0N, 60.7E - named after Ningal, the wife of the Sumerian desert god SinSin (mythology)Sin or Nanna was the god of the moon in Mesopotamian mythology. Nanna is a Sumerian deity, the son of Enlil and Ninlil, and became identified with Semitic Sin. The two chief seats of Nanna's/Sin's worship were Ur in the south of Mesopotamia and Harran in the north.- Name :The original meaning of...
Mars
There are five officially named dune fields on Mars, which are named after nearby classical albedo featuresClassical albedo features on Mars
The classical albedo features of Mars are the light and dark features that can be seen on the planet Mars through an Earth-based telescope. Before the age of space probes, several astronomers created maps of Mars on which they gave names to the features they could see. The most popular system of...
in accordance with the IAU's rules. All five of them lie between 75°N to 85°N, between Planum Boreum
Planum Boreum
Planum Boreum is the northern polar plain on Mars. It extends northward from roughly 80°N and is centered at . Surrounding the high polar plain is a flat and featureless lowland plain called Vastitas Borealis which extends for approximately 1500 kilometres southwards, dominating the northern...
and Vastitas Borealis
Vastitas Borealis
Vastitas Borealis is the largest lowland region of Mars. It is in the northerly latitudes of the planet and encircles the northern polar region. Vastitas Borealis is often simply referred to as the Northern plains or Northern lowlands of Mars. The plains lie 4–5 km below the mean radius of...
. These dune fields span over 200 degrees of longitude. They are listed below.
- Abalos Undae
- Hyperboreae Undae
- Olympia UndaeOlympia UndaeOlympia Undae is a vast dune field in the north polar region of the planet Mars. It consists of a broad “sand sea” or erg that partly rings the north polar plateau from about 120° to 240°E longitude and 78° to 83°N latitude. Stretching about across and covering an area of 470,000 km2,...
- Siton Undae
- Aspledon Undae
In addition, as part of the Mars Exploration Rover
Mars Exploration Rover
NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission is an ongoing robotic space mission involving two rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, exploring the planet Mars...
mission, a small dune field unofficially named El Dorado on the south side of Husband Hill
Husband Hill
Husband Hill is one of the Columbia Hills in Gusev crater, Mars, which are close to the landing site of NASA's Spirit rover. It was named in honor of Rick D...
in Gusev crater
Gusev crater
Gusev is a crater on the planet Mars and is located at . The crater is about 166 kilometers in diameter and formed approximately three to four billion years ago. It was named after Russian astronomer Matvei Gusev in 1976....
was investigated by the Spirit rover
Spirit rover
Spirit, MER-A , is a robotic rover on Mars, active from 2004 to 2010. It was one of two rovers of NASA's ongoing Mars Exploration Rover Mission. It landed successfully on Mars at 04:35 Ground UTC on January 4, 2004, three weeks before its twin, Opportunity , landed on the other side of the planet...
from sols
Timekeeping on Mars
Various schemes have been used or proposed to keep track of time and date on the planet Mars independently of Earth time and calendars.Mars has an axial tilt and a rotation period similar to those of Earth. Thus it experiences seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter much like Earth, and its...
706 to 710. Analysis of El Dorado showed that it consists of black wind-blown sand which is "well-sorted, well-rounded and olivine
Olivine
The mineral olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the formula 2SiO4. It is a common mineral in the Earth's subsurface but weathers quickly on the surface....
rich.