Vietnam

Vietnam

Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...

 is a multi-ethnic country with over fifty distinct groups (54 are recognized by the Vietnamese government), each with its own language, lifestyle, and cultural heritage. Many of the local ethnic groups are known collectively in the West as Montagnard or Degar

Degar

The Degar are the indigenous peoples of the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The term Montagnard means "mountain people" in French and is a carryover from the French colonial period in Vietnam. In Vietnamese, they are known by the term thượng - this term can also be applied to other minority ethnic...

. The largest ethnic groups are: Kinh

Vietnamese people

The Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...

 (Viet) 86.2%, Tay

Tay people

The Tày people speak a language of the Central Tai language group, and live in northern Vietnam. They are sometimes also called Thô, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di....

 1.9%, Tai

Tai

Tai may refer to:*Tai peoples*Tai languages*Tai , a Chinese surname*Mount Tai, in Shandong, China*Lake Tai, on the border of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, China...

 Ethnic 1.7%, Mường

Muong people

The Mường is the third largest of Vietnam’s 53 minority groups, with an estimated population of 1.2 million. The Muong people inhabit the mountainous region of northern Vietnam, concentrated in Hoa Binh Province and the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa Province. They are most closely related to...

 1.5%, Khmer Krom

Khmer Krom

The Khmer Krom are Khmer people living in the Mekong Delta and the Lower Mekong River area. Under the Khmer Rouge regime- according to the conservative estimates are that 150,000. Under the rule of Vietnam from 1979-93, Cambodia may have lost 20,000 Khmer Krom...

 (Khơ Me Crộm) 1.4%, Hoa 1.1%, Nùng

Nung people

The Nùng are an ethnic minority in Vietnam. In China, the Nùng, together with the Tày, are classified as Zhuang people.-Description:The population of the Nùng is estimated to be more than 700,000...

 1.1%, Hmong

Hmong people

The Hmong , are an Asian ethnic group from the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Hmong are also one of the sub-groups of the Miao ethnicity in southern China...

 1%, others 4.1% (1999 census). The Vietnamese term for ethnic group is người thiểu số or dân tộc thiểu số (literally "minority people").

Alphabetical list

1. Ba Na
   Bahnar people
   The Bahnar are an ethnic group of Vietnam living primarily in the Central Highland provinces of Gia Lai and Kon Tum, as well as the coastal provinces of Bình Định and Phú Yên...
   
    (Bahnar)
2. Bố Y
   Buyei
   The Buyei are an ethnic group living in southern mainland China. Numbering 2.5 million, they are the 11th largest of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China...
   
    (Buyei)
3. Brâu
   Brau people
   The Brau people are an ethnic group living in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. In Vietnam, most Brau live in Kon Tum, and the population was 313 in 1999. They speak a Mon–Khmer language.The Brau have only two surnames: Thao and Nang...
   
   
4. Bru-Vân Kiều
5. Chăm - Descendants of the Champa kingdom in southern Vietnam
6. Chơ Ro
   Cho Ro people
   The Cho Ro are a Mon–Khmer people in Vietnam. Most Cho Ro live in the Đồng Nai, Bình Dương, Bình Phước, Bình Thuận, Lâm Đồng, and Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu provinces. The population was 22 567 in 1999....
   
   
7. Chu Ru
   Churu people
   The Churu people live in Lâm Đồng province, in Vietnam's Central Highlands. The group's population is approximately 15,000. They speak a Malayo-Polynesian language.During the French colonial period the most influential highland leaders in the Da Lat area were Churu...
   
    (Chru)
8. Chứt
   Chut people
   The Chut are a small ethnic group located in the Minh Hóa and Tuyên Hóa districts of Quảng Bình Province, in Vietnam's North Central Coast. There are multiple sub-ethnic groups within the Chut designation including the Rục, Mày, Arem, Mã Liêng, and Sách...
   
    - related to Vietnamese, only 2000-4000 people
9. Co
   Cor people
   The Cor are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most Cor live in the provinces Quảng Ngãi and Quảng Nam of South Central Vietnam, and number approximately 27,766 ....
   
   
10. Cờ Ho
    K'Ho people
    The K'Ho are an ethnic group living in the Lâm Đồng province of Vietnam's Central Highlands. They speak a Mon–Khmer language.The Lạch people, a subgroup of K'Ho, is the indigenous group of Lâm Đồng...
    
    
11. Cờ Lao (Gelao)
12. Cơ Tu
    Co Tu people
    The Co Tu are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Co Tu live in the provinces of Thừa Thiên -Huế and Quảng Nam. The population in Vietnam was 50,458 in 1999 census and 61,588 in 2009 census...
    
    
13. Cống (Cong)
14. Dao
    Yao people
    The Yao nationality is a government classification for various minorities in China. They form one of the 55 ethnic minority groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where they reside in the mountainous terrain of the southwest and south...
    
     - Yao people, also known as Mien, many speak Iu Mien language
    Iu Mien language
    The Iu Mien language is one of the main languages spoken by the Yao people in China, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and more recently the United States, in diaspora. There are about 2,172,000 speakers in total, according to census data in 2000 from China, Vietnam, Thai, Laos, United States of America,...
    
    
15. Ê Đê
    E De people
    The E De are an ethnic group of southern Vietnam .-Language:The E De language is a member of the Chamic group of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family...
    
     (Rhade)
16. Gia Rai
    Jarai
    The Jarai is an ethnic group based primarily in Vietnam's Central Highlands. The Jarai language is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family...
    
     (Jarai, J'rai)
17. Giáy
    Giay people
    The Giáy are an ethnic group in Vietnam who speak the Buyei language. Most live in the Lào Cai, Hà Giang, Lai Châu, and Cao Bằng provinces of northern Vietnam. In 1999 the population was 49,098....
    
    
18. Giẻ Triêng
    Gie Trieng people
    The Gie Trieng people are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Gie Trieng live in the province of Kon Tum, in Vietnam's Central Highlands region, and in 1999 the population was 30,243...
    
    
19. Hà Nhì
    Hani people
    thumb|Typical daily attire of ethnic Hani in China. Near [[Yuanyang County, Yunnan|Yuanyang]], [[Yunnan]] Province, [[China]] The Hani people are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They also form one of the 54 officially...
    
     (Hani)
20. H'Mông
    Hmong people
    The Hmong , are an Asian ethnic group from the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Hmong are also one of the sub-groups of the Miao ethnicity in southern China...
    
     (Hmong, Hơ-mông, Mong; formerly known as Mèo) - Also known as Miao in China
21. Hoa (Chinese)
22. Hrê
    H're people
    The H're people are an ethnic group of Vietnam, speaking a language in the Mon–Khmer family. Most H're live in the Quảng Ngãi and Bình Định provinces of Vietnam's South Central Coast, and number approximately 113,111 ....
    
     (H're)
23. Kháng
    Khang people
    The Khang people are one of indigenous group in northwestern Vietnam. As of 1999, their population was 10,272.Most Khang live in the Sơn La and Lai Châu provinces of northwestern Vietnam....
    
    
24. Khmer Krom
    Khmer Krom
    The Khmer Krom are Khmer people living in the Mekong Delta and the Lower Mekong River area. Under the Khmer Rouge regime- according to the conservative estimates are that 150,000. Under the rule of Vietnam from 1979-93, Cambodia may have lost 20,000 Khmer Krom...
    
     (Khmer, Khơ Me Crộm)
25. Khơ Mú
    Khmu people
    The Khmu is one of the largest ethnic groups based in northern Laos. They can also be found in Burma, southwest China , Thailand, and Vietnam, where they are an officially recognized ethnic group...
    
     (Khmu)
26. Kinh
    Vietnamese people
    The Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...
    
     (also called Viet, the largest ethnic group in Vietnam)
27. La Chí
    Lachi people
    The La Chi people live in the Hà Giang and Lào Cai provinces of northeastern Vietnam. Their population is approximately 10,765 people . They speak the Lachi language, which is part of the Kradai language group....
    
    
28. La Ha
    Laha people
    The La Ha are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most La Ha live in the Yên Bái and Sơn La provinces, and number approximately 5,686 people . They speak the Laha language, which is part of the Tai–Kadai language family....
    
    
29. La Hủ
    Lahu people
    The Lahu are an ethnic group of Southeast Asia and China.They are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where about 450,000 live in Yunnan province. An estimated 150,000 live in Burma. In Thailand, Lahu are one of the six main hill tribes; their...
    
    
30. Lao
    Lao people
    The Lao are an ethnic subgroup of Tai/Dai in Southeast Asia.-Names:The etymology of the word Lao is uncertain, although it may be related to tribes known as the Ai Lao who appear in Han Dynasty records in China and Vietnam as a people of what is now Yunan Province...
    
     - People from Laos
    Laos
    Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
    
    
31. Lô Lô
    Yi people
    The Yi or Lolo people are an ethnic group in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. Numbering 8 million, they are the seventh largest of the 55 ethnic minority groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China...
    
     (Lo Lo, Yi)
32. Lự
    Lu people
    The Tai Lü people are an ethnic group of Vietnam, China, and Thailand. In Vietnam, most Lu live in the Lai Chau Province, and their population was 4,964 in 1999. In China, they are officially recognized as part of the Dai ethnic group. They speak a Tai language.Lu is the indigenous people in Mường...
    
    
33. Mạ
    Ma people
    The Ma are a Mon–Khmer-speaking people in Vietnam ....
    
    
34. Mảng
    Mang people
    The Mang are an ethnic group living primarily in Vietnam, where they are one of that nation's 54 officially recognized ethnic groups. There are also about 500 Mang living in the Yunnan province of southern China, where they are officially termed an undistinguished nationality.The Mang language is...
    
    
35. M'Nông
    Mnong
    The Mnong or M'nong are an ethnic group from Vietnam . They can be subdivided into three groups:...
    
    
36. Mường
    Muong people
    The Mường is the third largest of Vietnam’s 53 minority groups, with an estimated population of 1.2 million. The Muong people inhabit the mountainous region of northern Vietnam, concentrated in Hoa Binh Province and the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa Province. They are most closely related to...
    
     - Closest to Kinh Vietnamese, the other main part of the Viet–Muong branch of the Vietic
    Vietic languages
    The Vietic languages are a branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family. The branch was once referred to by the terms Việt–Mường, Annam–Muong, and Vietnamuong, but today these are understood as referring to a sub-branch of Vietic containing only the Vietnamese and Mường languages.-Origins:Based on...
    
     sub-family
37. Ngái
    Ngái
    The Ngái are an Hakka ethnic group in Vietnam and other nearby countries of mainland Southeast Asia and China. The Ngái are Chinese-speaking but are classified separately from the urban ethnic Chinese or Hoa. According a official data, Ngai population is 4,841 in 1999 and down to 1.035 in 2009...
    
     (Chinese, separately classified from Hoa)
38. Nùng
    Nung people
    The Nùng are an ethnic minority in Vietnam. In China, the Nùng, together with the Tày, are classified as Zhuang people.-Description:The population of the Nùng is estimated to be more than 700,000...
    
    
39. Ơ Đu
    O Du people
    The Ơ Đu are an aboriginal ethnic group in Vietnam and Laos. Their total population is more than 570.-Name variation:The Ơ Đu are also commonly referred to as O'Du, O Du, Iduh, Tay Hat, Hat, and Haat.-Culture:...
    
    
40. Pà Thẻn
    Pa Then people
    The Pa Then are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most Pa Then live in the Hà Giang and Tuyên Quang provinces in the northern part of Vietnam's northeastern region...
    
    
41. Phù Lá
    Phù Lá
    The Phù Lá are an ethnic group of Vietnam and China. Most Phù Lá live in the Lào Cai province of northeastern Vietnam, and their population in Vietnam is approximately 9,046...
    
    
42. Pu Péo
    Qabiao people
    The Qabiao people are an ethnic group living in Hà Giang, Vietnam, and Yunnan Province, China. and the total population was 705 in 1999, while Liang cites a total population of 777. In China, they are classified with the Yi people...
    
    
43. Ra Glai
    Raglai people
    The Raglai are an ethnic group of Vietnam. They are related to the Cham, with a population of approximately 97,000...
    
     (Raglai)
44. Rơ Măm
    Ro Mam people
    The Rơ Măm people are a small ethnic group in Vietnam . They speak a language in the Central Bahnaric branch of the Mon–Khmer family.-External links:*...
    
    
45. Sán Chay
    San Chay people
    The San Chay people live in the Tuyên Quang province of northeastern Vietnam, as well as some nearby provinces. They speak a Tai language. Their population was 147,315 in 1999....
    
     (San Chay, Cao Lan)
46. Sán Dìu
    San Diu people
    The Sán Dìu is an ethnic group in northern Vietnam. They are believed to have migrated from Guangdong around 1600 CE....
    
     (San Diu, Chinese, separately classified from Hoa)
47. Si La
    Si La
    The Si La are an ethnic group of about 1,800 people living in northern Laos and another 600 living in the Lai Chau province of northwestern Vietnam....
    
    
48. Tà Ôi
    Ta Oi people
    The Tà Ôi is an ethnic group of Vietnam . They speak a Mon–Khmer language and are concentrated in A Lưới district of Thừa Thiên-Huế province and Hương Hóa district of Quảng Trị province....
    
     (Ta Oi)
49. Tày
    Tay people
    The Tày people speak a language of the Central Tai language group, and live in northern Vietnam. They are sometimes also called Thô, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di....
    
     (Tay) - The largest minority in Vietnam
50. Thái
    Thai people
    The Thai people, or Siamese, are the main ethnic group of Thailand and are part of the larger Tai ethnolinguistic peoples found in Thailand and adjacent countries in Southeast Asia as well as southern China. Their language is the Thai language, which is classified as part of the Kradai family of...
    
     (Thai)
51. Thổ
    Tho people
    The Thổ ethnic group inhabits the mountainous regions of northern Vietnam, mainly Nghệ An province southwest of Hanoi. They speak the Tho language, which is closely related to Vietnamese...
    
     (Tho) - Related to Kinh Vietnamese
52. Xinh Mun
    Xinh Mun people
    The Xinh Mun is an ethnic group living primarily in the provinces of Sơn La and Lai Chau, in northwestern Vietnam...
    
     (Xinh-mun)
53. Xơ Đăng
    Xo Dang people
    The Xo Dang are an ethnic group of Vietnam.Their main source of income is farming. They are also known to be involved with raising cattle and poultry.Religiously, they are largely animistic...
    
     (Sedang, Xo Dang)
54. Xtiêng
    Stieng people
    The Stieng people are an ethnic group of Vietnam and Cambodia. They speak a language in the Bahnaric group of the Mon–Khmer languages.Most Stieng live in the Binh Duong Province and Dong Nai Province of southeastern Vietnam...
    
     (Stieng)

Listed by language group

1. Mon–Khmer - Kinh
   Vietnamese people
   The Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...
   
    (Viet), Ba Na
   Bahnar people
   The Bahnar are an ethnic group of Vietnam living primarily in the Central Highland provinces of Gia Lai and Kon Tum, as well as the coastal provinces of Bình Định and Phú Yên...
   
    (Bahnar), Brâu
   Brau people
   The Brau people are an ethnic group living in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. In Vietnam, most Brau live in Kon Tum, and the population was 313 in 1999. They speak a Mon–Khmer language.The Brau have only two surnames: Thao and Nang...
   
   , Bru-Vân Kiều, Chơ Ro
   Cho Ro people
   The Cho Ro are a Mon–Khmer people in Vietnam. Most Cho Ro live in the Đồng Nai, Bình Dương, Bình Phước, Bình Thuận, Lâm Đồng, and Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu provinces. The population was 22 567 in 1999....
   
   , Chứt
   Chut people
   The Chut are a small ethnic group located in the Minh Hóa and Tuyên Hóa districts of Quảng Bình Province, in Vietnam's North Central Coast. There are multiple sub-ethnic groups within the Chut designation including the Rục, Mày, Arem, Mã Liêng, and Sách...
   
   , Co
   Cor people
   The Cor are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most Cor live in the provinces Quảng Ngãi and Quảng Nam of South Central Vietnam, and number approximately 27,766 ....
   
   , Cờ Ho
   K'Ho people
   The K'Ho are an ethnic group living in the Lâm Đồng province of Vietnam's Central Highlands. They speak a Mon–Khmer language.The Lạch people, a subgroup of K'Ho, is the indigenous group of Lâm Đồng...
   
   , Cơ Tu
   Co Tu people
   The Co Tu are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Co Tu live in the provinces of Thừa Thiên -Huế and Quảng Nam. The population in Vietnam was 50,458 in 1999 census and 61,588 in 2009 census...
   
   , Giẻ Triêng
   Gie Trieng people
   The Gie Trieng people are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Gie Trieng live in the province of Kon Tum, in Vietnam's Central Highlands region, and in 1999 the population was 30,243...
   
   , Hrê
   H're people
   The H're people are an ethnic group of Vietnam, speaking a language in the Mon–Khmer family. Most H're live in the Quảng Ngãi and Bình Định provinces of Vietnam's South Central Coast, and number approximately 113,111 ....
   
    (H're), Kháng
   Khang people
   The Khang people are one of indigenous group in northwestern Vietnam. As of 1999, their population was 10,272.Most Khang live in the Sơn La and Lai Châu provinces of northwestern Vietnam....
   
   , Khmer Krom
   Khmer Krom
   The Khmer Krom are Khmer people living in the Mekong Delta and the Lower Mekong River area. Under the Khmer Rouge regime- according to the conservative estimates are that 150,000. Under the rule of Vietnam from 1979-93, Cambodia may have lost 20,000 Khmer Krom...
   
    (Khmer, Khơ Me Crộm), Khơ Mú
   Khmu people
   The Khmu is one of the largest ethnic groups based in northern Laos. They can also be found in Burma, southwest China , Thailand, and Vietnam, where they are an officially recognized ethnic group...
   
    (Khmu), Mạ
   Ma people
   The Ma are a Mon–Khmer-speaking people in Vietnam ....
   
   , Mảng
   Mang people
   The Mang are an ethnic group living primarily in Vietnam, where they are one of that nation's 54 officially recognized ethnic groups. There are also about 500 Mang living in the Yunnan province of southern China, where they are officially termed an undistinguished nationality.The Mang language is...
   
   , M'Nông
   Mnong
   The Mnong or M'nong are an ethnic group from Vietnam . They can be subdivided into three groups:...
   
   , Mường
   Muong people
   The Mường is the third largest of Vietnam’s 53 minority groups, with an estimated population of 1.2 million. The Muong people inhabit the mountainous region of northern Vietnam, concentrated in Hoa Binh Province and the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa Province. They are most closely related to...
   
   , Ơ Đu
   O Du people
   The Ơ Đu are an aboriginal ethnic group in Vietnam and Laos. Their total population is more than 570.-Name variation:The Ơ Đu are also commonly referred to as O'Du, O Du, Iduh, Tay Hat, Hat, and Haat.-Culture:...
   
   , Rơ Măm
   Ro Mam people
   The Rơ Măm people are a small ethnic group in Vietnam . They speak a language in the Central Bahnaric branch of the Mon–Khmer family.-External links:*...
   
   , Tà Ôi
   Ta Oi people
   The Tà Ôi is an ethnic group of Vietnam . They speak a Mon–Khmer language and are concentrated in A Lưới district of Thừa Thiên-Huế province and Hương Hóa district of Quảng Trị province....
   
    (Ta Oi), Thổ
   Tho people
   The Thổ ethnic group inhabits the mountainous regions of northern Vietnam, mainly Nghệ An province southwest of Hanoi. They speak the Tho language, which is closely related to Vietnamese...
   
    (Tho), Xinh Mun
   Xinh Mun people
   The Xinh Mun is an ethnic group living primarily in the provinces of Sơn La and Lai Chau, in northwestern Vietnam...
   
    (Xinh-mun), Xơ Đăng
   Xo Dang people
   The Xo Dang are an ethnic group of Vietnam.Their main source of income is farming. They are also known to be involved with raising cattle and poultry.Religiously, they are largely animistic...
   
    (Sedang, Xo Dang), and Xtiêng
   Stieng people
   The Stieng people are an ethnic group of Vietnam and Cambodia. They speak a language in the Bahnaric group of the Mon–Khmer languages.Most Stieng live in the Binh Duong Province and Dong Nai Province of southeastern Vietnam...
   
    (Stieng).
2. Tay-Thai - Bố Y
   Buyei
   The Buyei are an ethnic group living in southern mainland China. Numbering 2.5 million, they are the 11th largest of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China...
   
    (Buyei), Giáy, Lao
   Lao people
   The Lao are an ethnic subgroup of Tai/Dai in Southeast Asia.-Names:The etymology of the word Lao is uncertain, although it may be related to tribes known as the Ai Lao who appear in Han Dynasty records in China and Vietnam as a people of what is now Yunan Province...
   
   , Lự
   Lu people
   The Tai Lü people are an ethnic group of Vietnam, China, and Thailand. In Vietnam, most Lu live in the Lai Chau Province, and their population was 4,964 in 1999. In China, they are officially recognized as part of the Dai ethnic group. They speak a Tai language.Lu is the indigenous people in Mường...
   
   , Nùng
   Nung people
   The Nùng are an ethnic minority in Vietnam. In China, the Nùng, together with the Tày, are classified as Zhuang people.-Description:The population of the Nùng is estimated to be more than 700,000...
   
   , Sán Chay
   San Chay people
   The San Chay people live in the Tuyên Quang province of northeastern Vietnam, as well as some nearby provinces. They speak a Tai language. Their population was 147,315 in 1999....
   
    (San Chay, Cao Lan), Tày
   Tay people
   The Tày people speak a language of the Central Tai language group, and live in northern Vietnam. They are sometimes also called Thô, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di....
   
    (Tay), and Thái
   Thai people
   The Thai people, or Siamese, are the main ethnic group of Thailand and are part of the larger Tai ethnolinguistic peoples found in Thailand and adjacent countries in Southeast Asia as well as southern China. Their language is the Thai language, which is classified as part of the Kradai family of...
   
    (Thai)
3. Tibeto-Burman
   Tibeto-Burman languages
   The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Chinese members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken thoughout the highlands of southeast Asia, as well as lowland areas in Burma ....
   
   - Cống (Cong), Hà Nhì
   Hani people
   thumb|Typical daily attire of ethnic Hani in China. Near [[Yuanyang County, Yunnan|Yuanyang]], [[Yunnan]] Province, [[China]] The Hani people are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They also form one of the 54 officially...
   
    (Hani), La Hủ
   Lahu people
   The Lahu are an ethnic group of Southeast Asia and China.They are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where about 450,000 live in Yunnan province. An estimated 150,000 live in Burma. In Thailand, Lahu are one of the six main hill tribes; their...
   
   , Lô Lô
   Yi people
   The Yi or Lolo people are an ethnic group in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. Numbering 8 million, they are the seventh largest of the 55 ethnic minority groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China...
   
    (Lo Lo, Yi), Phù Lá
   Phù Lá
   The Phù Lá are an ethnic group of Vietnam and China. Most Phù Lá live in the Lào Cai province of northeastern Vietnam, and their population in Vietnam is approximately 9,046...
   
   , and Si La
   Si La
   The Si La are an ethnic group of about 1,800 people living in northern Laos and another 600 living in the Lai Chau province of northwestern Vietnam....
   
   
4. Malayo-Polynesian
   Malayo-Polynesian languages
   The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. These are widely dispersed throughout the island nations of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia...
   
   - Chăm, Chu Ru
   Churu people
   The Churu people live in Lâm Đồng province, in Vietnam's Central Highlands. The group's population is approximately 15,000. They speak a Malayo-Polynesian language.During the French colonial period the most influential highland leaders in the Da Lat area were Churu...
   
    (Chru), Ê Đê
   E De people
   The E De are an ethnic group of southern Vietnam .-Language:The E De language is a member of the Chamic group of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family...
   
    (Rhade), Gia Rai
   Jarai
   The Jarai is an ethnic group based primarily in Vietnam's Central Highlands. The Jarai language is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family...
   
    (Jarai, J'rai), and Ra Glai
   Raglai people
   The Raglai are an ethnic group of Vietnam. They are related to the Cham, with a population of approximately 97,000...
   
    (Raglai)
5. Kadai - Cờ Lao (Gelao), La Chí
   Lachi people
   The La Chi people live in the Hà Giang and Lào Cai provinces of northeastern Vietnam. Their population is approximately 10,765 people . They speak the Lachi language, which is part of the Kradai language group....
   
   , La Ha
   Laha people
   The La Ha are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most La Ha live in the Yên Bái and Sơn La provinces, and number approximately 5,686 people . They speak the Laha language, which is part of the Tai–Kadai language family....
   
   , and Pu Péo
   Qabiao people
   The Qabiao people are an ethnic group living in Hà Giang, Vietnam, and Yunnan Province, China. and the total population was 705 in 1999, while Liang cites a total population of 777. In China, they are classified with the Yi people...
   
   
6. Mong-Dao - Dao
   Yao people
   The Yao nationality is a government classification for various minorities in China. They form one of the 55 ethnic minority groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where they reside in the mountainous terrain of the southwest and south...
   
    (Yao), H'Mông
   Hmong people
   The Hmong , are an Asian ethnic group from the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Hmong are also one of the sub-groups of the Miao ethnicity in southern China...
   
    (Hmong, Hơ-mông, Mong; formerly known as Mèo), and Pà Thẻn
   Pa Then people
   The Pa Then are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most Pa Then live in the Hà Giang and Tuyên Quang provinces in the northern part of Vietnam's northeastern region...
   
   
7. Han - Hoa (Chinese), Ngái
   Ngái
   The Ngái are an Hakka ethnic group in Vietnam and other nearby countries of mainland Southeast Asia and China. The Ngái are Chinese-speaking but are classified separately from the urban ethnic Chinese or Hoa. According a official data, Ngai population is 4,841 in 1999 and down to 1.035 in 2009...
   
   , and Sán Dìu
   San Diu people
   The Sán Dìu is an ethnic group in northern Vietnam. They are believed to have migrated from Guangdong around 1600 CE....
   
    (San Diu)

Listed by population (as of the 1999 census)

1. Kinh
   Vietnamese people
   The Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...
   
    (also called Viet, the largest ethnic group in Vietnam) 86.2%
2. Tày
   Tay people
   The Tày people speak a language of the Central Tai language group, and live in northern Vietnam. They are sometimes also called Thô, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di....
   
    (Tay) - The largest minority in Vietnam 1.9%
3. Thái
   Thai people
   The Thai people, or Siamese, are the main ethnic group of Thailand and are part of the larger Tai ethnolinguistic peoples found in Thailand and adjacent countries in Southeast Asia as well as southern China. Their language is the Thai language, which is classified as part of the Kradai family of...
   
    (Thai) 1.7%
4. Mường
   Muong people
   The Mường is the third largest of Vietnam’s 53 minority groups, with an estimated population of 1.2 million. The Muong people inhabit the mountainous region of northern Vietnam, concentrated in Hoa Binh Province and the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa Province. They are most closely related to...
   
    - Closest to Kinh Vietnamese, other half of Viet–Muong language family 1.5%
5. Khmer Krom
   Khmer Krom
   The Khmer Krom are Khmer people living in the Mekong Delta and the Lower Mekong River area. Under the Khmer Rouge regime- according to the conservative estimates are that 150,000. Under the rule of Vietnam from 1979-93, Cambodia may have lost 20,000 Khmer Krom...
   
    (Khmer, Khơ Me Crộm) 1.4%
6. Hoa (Chinese) 1.1%
7. Nùng
   Nung people
   The Nùng are an ethnic minority in Vietnam. In China, the Nùng, together with the Tày, are classified as Zhuang people.-Description:The population of the Nùng is estimated to be more than 700,000...
   
    1.1%
8. H'Mông
   Hmong people
   The Hmong , are an Asian ethnic group from the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Hmong are also one of the sub-groups of the Miao ethnicity in southern China...
   
    (Hmong, Hơ-mông, Mong; formerly known as Mèo) - Also known as Miao in China 1%
9. Dao
   Yao people
   The Yao nationality is a government classification for various minorities in China. They form one of the 55 ethnic minority groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where they reside in the mountainous terrain of the southwest and south...
   
    - Yao people, also known as Mien, many speak Iu Mien language
   Iu Mien language
   The Iu Mien language is one of the main languages spoken by the Yao people in China, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and more recently the United States, in diaspora. There are about 2,172,000 speakers in total, according to census data in 2000 from China, Vietnam, Thai, Laos, United States of America,...
   
   , distant relatives of Hmong
   Hmong people
   The Hmong , are an Asian ethnic group from the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Hmong are also one of the sub-groups of the Miao ethnicity in southern China...
   
   
10. Gia Rai
    Jarai
    The Jarai is an ethnic group based primarily in Vietnam's Central Highlands. The Jarai language is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family...
    
     (Jarai, J'rai)
11. Ê Đê
    E De people
    The E De are an ethnic group of southern Vietnam .-Language:The E De language is a member of the Chamic group of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family...
    
     (Rhade)
12. Ba Na
    Bahnar people
    The Bahnar are an ethnic group of Vietnam living primarily in the Central Highland provinces of Gia Lai and Kon Tum, as well as the coastal provinces of Bình Định and Phú Yên...
    
     (Bahnar)
13. Sán Chay
    San Chay people
    The San Chay people live in the Tuyên Quang province of northeastern Vietnam, as well as some nearby provinces. They speak a Tai language. Their population was 147,315 in 1999....
    
     (San Chay, Cao Lan)
14. Chăm - Descendants of the Champa kingdom in southern Vietnam
15. Xơ Đăng
    Xo Dang people
    The Xo Dang are an ethnic group of Vietnam.Their main source of income is farming. They are also known to be involved with raising cattle and poultry.Religiously, they are largely animistic...
    
     (Sedang, Xo Dang)
16. Sán Dìu
    San Diu people
    The Sán Dìu is an ethnic group in northern Vietnam. They are believed to have migrated from Guangdong around 1600 CE....
    
     (San Diu)
17. Hrê
    H're people
    The H're people are an ethnic group of Vietnam, speaking a language in the Mon–Khmer family. Most H're live in the Quảng Ngãi and Bình Định provinces of Vietnam's South Central Coast, and number approximately 113,111 ....
    
     (H're)
18. Cờ Ho
    K'Ho people
    The K'Ho are an ethnic group living in the Lâm Đồng province of Vietnam's Central Highlands. They speak a Mon–Khmer language.The Lạch people, a subgroup of K'Ho, is the indigenous group of Lâm Đồng...
    
    
19. Ra Glai
    Raglai people
    The Raglai are an ethnic group of Vietnam. They are related to the Cham, with a population of approximately 97,000...
    
     (Raglai)
20. M'Nông
    Mnong
    The Mnong or M'nong are an ethnic group from Vietnam . They can be subdivided into three groups:...
    
    
21. Thổ
    Tho people
    The Thổ ethnic group inhabits the mountainous regions of northern Vietnam, mainly Nghệ An province southwest of Hanoi. They speak the Tho language, which is closely related to Vietnamese...
    
     (Tho) - Related to Kinh Vietnamese
22. Xtiêng
    Stieng people
    The Stieng people are an ethnic group of Vietnam and Cambodia. They speak a language in the Bahnaric group of the Mon–Khmer languages.Most Stieng live in the Binh Duong Province and Dong Nai Province of southeastern Vietnam...
    
     (Stieng)
23. Khơ Mú
    Khmu people
    The Khmu is one of the largest ethnic groups based in northern Laos. They can also be found in Burma, southwest China , Thailand, and Vietnam, where they are an officially recognized ethnic group...
    
     (Khmu)
24. Bru-Vân Kiều
25. Giáy
    Giay people
    The Giáy are an ethnic group in Vietnam who speak the Buyei language. Most live in the Lào Cai, Hà Giang, Lai Châu, and Cao Bằng provinces of northern Vietnam. In 1999 the population was 49,098....
    
    
26. Cơ Tu
    Co Tu people
    The Co Tu are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Co Tu live in the provinces of Thừa Thiên -Huế and Quảng Nam. The population in Vietnam was 50,458 in 1999 census and 61,588 in 2009 census...
    
    
27. Giẻ Triêng
    Gie Trieng people
    The Gie Trieng people are an ethnic group in Vietnam. Most Gie Trieng live in the province of Kon Tum, in Vietnam's Central Highlands region, and in 1999 the population was 30,243...
    
    
28. Tà Ôi
    Ta Oi people
    The Tà Ôi is an ethnic group of Vietnam . They speak a Mon–Khmer language and are concentrated in A Lưới district of Thừa Thiên-Huế province and Hương Hóa district of Quảng Trị province....
    
     (Ta Oi)
29. Mạ
    Ma people
    The Ma are a Mon–Khmer-speaking people in Vietnam ....
    
    
30. Co
    Cor people
    The Cor are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most Cor live in the provinces Quảng Ngãi and Quảng Nam of South Central Vietnam, and number approximately 27,766 ....
    
    
31. Chơ Ro
    Cho Ro people
    The Cho Ro are a Mon–Khmer people in Vietnam. Most Cho Ro live in the Đồng Nai, Bình Dương, Bình Phước, Bình Thuận, Lâm Đồng, and Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu provinces. The population was 22 567 in 1999....
    
    
32. Hà Nhì
    Hani people
    thumb|Typical daily attire of ethnic Hani in China. Near [[Yuanyang County, Yunnan|Yuanyang]], [[Yunnan]] Province, [[China]] The Hani people are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They also form one of the 54 officially...
    
     (Hani)
33. Xinh Mun
    Xinh Mun people
    The Xinh Mun is an ethnic group living primarily in the provinces of Sơn La and Lai Chau, in northwestern Vietnam...
    
     (Xinh-mun)
34. Chu Ru
    Churu people
    The Churu people live in Lâm Đồng province, in Vietnam's Central Highlands. The group's population is approximately 15,000. They speak a Malayo-Polynesian language.During the French colonial period the most influential highland leaders in the Da Lat area were Churu...
    
     (Chru)
35. Lao
    Lao people
    The Lao are an ethnic subgroup of Tai/Dai in Southeast Asia.-Names:The etymology of the word Lao is uncertain, although it may be related to tribes known as the Ai Lao who appear in Han Dynasty records in China and Vietnam as a people of what is now Yunan Province...
    
     - People from Laos
36. La Chí
    Lachi people
    The La Chi people live in the Hà Giang and Lào Cai provinces of northeastern Vietnam. Their population is approximately 10,765 people . They speak the Lachi language, which is part of the Kradai language group....
    
    
37. Phù Lá
    Phù Lá
    The Phù Lá are an ethnic group of Vietnam and China. Most Phù Lá live in the Lào Cai province of northeastern Vietnam, and their population in Vietnam is approximately 9,046...
    
    
38. La Hủ
    Lahu people
    The Lahu are an ethnic group of Southeast Asia and China.They are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where about 450,000 live in Yunnan province. An estimated 150,000 live in Burma. In Thailand, Lahu are one of the six main hill tribes; their...
    
    
39. Kháng
    Khang people
    The Khang people are one of indigenous group in northwestern Vietnam. As of 1999, their population was 10,272.Most Khang live in the Sơn La and Lai Châu provinces of northwestern Vietnam....
    
    
40. Lự
    Lu people
    The Tai Lü people are an ethnic group of Vietnam, China, and Thailand. In Vietnam, most Lu live in the Lai Chau Province, and their population was 4,964 in 1999. In China, they are officially recognized as part of the Dai ethnic group. They speak a Tai language.Lu is the indigenous people in Mường...
    
    
41. Pà Thẻn
    Pa Then people
    The Pa Then are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most Pa Then live in the Hà Giang and Tuyên Quang provinces in the northern part of Vietnam's northeastern region...
    
    
42. Lô Lô
    Yi people
    The Yi or Lolo people are an ethnic group in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. Numbering 8 million, they are the seventh largest of the 55 ethnic minority groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China...
    
     (Lo Lo, Yi)
43. Chứt
    Chut people
    The Chut are a small ethnic group located in the Minh Hóa and Tuyên Hóa districts of Quảng Bình Province, in Vietnam's North Central Coast. There are multiple sub-ethnic groups within the Chut designation including the Rục, Mày, Arem, Mã Liêng, and Sách...
    
     - related to Vietnamese, only 2000-4000 people
44. Mảng
    Mang people
    The Mang are an ethnic group living primarily in Vietnam, where they are one of that nation's 54 officially recognized ethnic groups. There are also about 500 Mang living in the Yunnan province of southern China, where they are officially termed an undistinguished nationality.The Mang language is...
    
    
45. Cờ Lao (Gelao)
46. Bố Y
    Buyei
    The Buyei are an ethnic group living in southern mainland China. Numbering 2.5 million, they are the 11th largest of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China...
    
     (Buyei)
47. La Ha
    Laha people
    The La Ha are an ethnic group of Vietnam. Most La Ha live in the Yên Bái and Sơn La provinces, and number approximately 5,686 people . They speak the Laha language, which is part of the Tai–Kadai language family....
    
    
48. Cống (Cong)
49. Ngái
    Ngái
    The Ngái are an Hakka ethnic group in Vietnam and other nearby countries of mainland Southeast Asia and China. The Ngái are Chinese-speaking but are classified separately from the urban ethnic Chinese or Hoa. According a official data, Ngai population is 4,841 in 1999 and down to 1.035 in 2009...
    
    
50. Si La
    Si La
    The Si La are an ethnic group of about 1,800 people living in northern Laos and another 600 living in the Lai Chau province of northwestern Vietnam....
    
    
51. Pu Péo
    Qabiao people
    The Qabiao people are an ethnic group living in Hà Giang, Vietnam, and Yunnan Province, China. and the total population was 705 in 1999, while Liang cites a total population of 777. In China, they are classified with the Yi people...
    
    
52. Brâu
    Brau people
    The Brau people are an ethnic group living in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. In Vietnam, most Brau live in Kon Tum, and the population was 313 in 1999. They speak a Mon–Khmer language.The Brau have only two surnames: Thao and Nang...
    
    
53. Rơ Măm
    Ro Mam people
    The Rơ Măm people are a small ethnic group in Vietnam . They speak a language in the Central Bahnaric branch of the Mon–Khmer family.-External links:*...
    
    
54. Ơ Đu
    O Du people
    The Ơ Đu are an aboriginal ethnic group in Vietnam and Laos. Their total population is more than 570.-Name variation:The Ơ Đu are also commonly referred to as O'Du, O Du, Iduh, Tay Hat, Hat, and Haat.-Culture:...
    
    

Ethnic groups not included in official list

1. Nguồn - possibly Mường group, officially classified as a Việt (Kinh) group by the government, Nguồn themselves identify with Việt ethnicity; their language is a member of the Viet–Muong branch of the Vietic
   Vietic languages
   The Vietic languages are a branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family. The branch was once referred to by the terms Việt–Mường, Annam–Muong, and Vietnamuong, but today these are understood as referring to a sub-branch of Vietic containing only the Vietnamese and Mường languages.-Origins:Based on...
   
    sub-family
2. People of Europe
   Europe
   Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
   
   an, North American
   North American
   North American generally refers to an entity, people, group, or attribute of North America, especially of the United States and Canada together.-Culture:*North American English, a collective term used to describe American English and Canadian English...
   
   , Australia
   Australia
   Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
   
   n, and Asian (non-Vietnamese) origin. Many people of these origins are temporary residents in Vietnam as expatriate
   Expatriate
   An expatriate is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country and culture other than that of the person's upbringing...
   
    workers and some are permanently settled there, some through marriage. Included in permanent settlers are Europeans of French descent
   French people
   The French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups...
   
   , who are descendants of the colonial settlers. Most of them left after its independence.

The 55th ethnic group in Vietnam?

According to news from Dantri,the online newspaper in Vietnam,the Thừa Thiên-Huế people committee in September 2008 announced a plan to do more research in a new ethnic group in Vietnam.It is Pa Kô.This ethnic group settles mainly in A Lưới suburban district(Thừa Thiên-Huế)and mountainous area of Hướng Hóa(Quảng Trị).Some people may confuse them with Tà Ôi ethnic group.Other names are Pa Cô, Pa Kô, Pa-Kô, Pa Kôh.
http://dantri.com.vn/c21/s20-250244/viet-nam-se-co-dan-toc-thu-55.htm

http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30474&cn_id=247658

Sources

• 1999 Census results
• Socioeconomic Atlas of Vietnam

External links

• Vietnamese Ethnic Groups
• vietnam tours
• Ethnic - Linguistic Map of Vietnam
• Vietnamese ethnic groups by population
• Ethnologue report for Vietnam
• Story and Images of Missionaries interacting with Mountain Tribe groups in Vietnam from 1929-1975
• Authentic Old photographs of all Ethnic groups in Vietnam

See also

• Demographics of Vietnam
  Demographics of Vietnam
  This article is about the demographic features of the population of Vietnam, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population....
  
  
• Vietnam#Demographics