List of computer standards - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Technical standards are instituted for compatibility

Computer compatibility

A family of computer models is said to be compatible if certain software that runs on one of the models can also be run on all other models of the family. The computer models may differ in performance, reliability or some other characteristic...

and interoperability

Interoperability

Interoperability is a property referring to the ability of diverse systems and organizations to work together . The term is often used in a technical systems engineering sense, or alternatively in a broad sense, taking into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system to...

between software, systems, platforms and devices.

Hardware

Standard	Version	Released
AC'97	2.3	April 2002
ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface In computing, the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface specification provides an open standard for device configuration and power management by the operating system....	4.0a	April 5, 2010
AGP Accelerated Graphics Port The Accelerated Graphics Port is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a video card to a computer's motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. Since 2004 AGP has been progressively phased out in favor of PCI Express...	3.0	1999
AHCI Advanced Host Controller Interface The Advanced Host Controller Interface is a technical standard defined by Intel that specifies the operation of Serial ATA host bus adapters in a non-implementation-specific manner....	1.3	June 26, 2008
Advanced Power Management Advanced Power Management Advanced power management is an API developed by Intel and Microsoft and released in 1992 which enables an operating system running an IBM-compatible personal computer to work with the BIOS to achieve power management.Revision 1.2 was the last version of the APM specification, released in 1996.... (APM)	1.2	February 1996
AT Attachment AT Attachment Parallel ATA , originally ATA, is an interface standard for the connection of storage devices such as hard disks, solid-state drives, floppy drives, and optical disc drives in computers. The standard is maintained by X3/INCITS committee...	ATA/ATAPI-7	2005
ATX ATX ATX is a motherboard form factor specification developed by Intel in 1995 to improve on previous de facto standards like the AT form factor. It was the first big change in computer case, motherboard, and power supply design in many years, improving standardization and interchangeability of parts...	2.3	March 2007
BIOS Boot Specification	1.01	January 1996
Bluetooth Bluetooth Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks with high levels of security...	3.0	April 21, 2009
BTX BTX (form factor) BTX is a form factor for motherboards, originally intended to be the replacement for the aging ATX motherboard form factor in late 2004 and early 2005... Chassis Design Guidelines	1.1	February 2007
BTX Interface Specification	1.0b	July 2005
BTX System Design Guide	1.1	February 20, 2007
Chassis Air Guide Thermally Advantaged Chassis a thermally advantaged chassis is a computer enclosure that is capable of maintaining an internal ambient temperature below 38 degrees Celsius when functioning with Intel's Pentium 4 and Celeron D processors based on 90 nm process technology, and an ambient temperature below 39 degrees Celsius when... (CAG)	1.1	September 2003
CompactFlash CompactFlash CompactFlash is a mass storage device format used in portable electronic devices. Most CompactFlash devices contain flash memory in a standardized enclosure. The format was first specified and produced by SanDisk in 1994... (CF)	5.0	2010
Common Building Block Common Building Block Common Building Block is a set of technical standards for laptop components introduced by Intel in 2005, and adopted by some manufacturers.-Creation:... (for notebook Notebook A notebook is a book or binder composed of pages of notes, often ruled, made out of paper, used for purposes including recording notes or memoranda, writing, drawing, and scrapbooking.... s)		2005
Desktop and mobile Architecture for System Hardware Desktop and mobile Architecture for System Hardware DASH is a DMTF standard on requirements for implementing the Desktop and Mobile Architecture for System Hardware.... (DASH)	1.1	December 2007
Desktop Management Interface Desktop Management Interface The Desktop Management Interface generates a standard framework for managing and tracking components in a desktop, notebook or server computer, by abstracting these components from the software that manages them. The development of DMI marked the first move by the Distributed Management Task... (DMI)	2.0.1s	January 10, 2003
DDC/CI Display Data Channel The Display Data Channel or DDC is a collection of digital communication protocols between a computer display and a graphics adapter that enables the display to communicate its supported display modes to the adapter and to enable the computer host to adjust monitor parameters, such as brightness...	1.1	October 2004
DisplayPort DisplayPort DisplayPort is a digital display interface standard produced by the Video Electronics Standards Association . The specification defines a royalty-free digital interconnect for audio and video. The interface is primarily used to connect a video source to a display device such as a computer monitor...	1.2	December 22, 2009
DVI Digital Visual Interface The Digital Visual Interface is a video interface standard covering the transmission of video between a source device and a display device. The DVI standard has achieved widespread acceptance in the PC industry, both in desktop PCs and monitors...	1.0	April 2, 1999
Enhanced Display Data Channel (E-DDC)	1.2	December 26, 2007
Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory DDR SDRAM Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory is a class of memory integrated circuits used in computers. DDR SDRAM has been superseded by DDR2 SDRAM and DDR3 SDRAM, neither of which are either forward or backward compatible with DDR SDRAM, meaning that DDR2 or DDR3 memory modules... (DDR SDRAM)	JESD79-3
Display Power Management Signaling VESA Display Power Management Signaling VESA Display Power Management Signaling is a standard from the VESA consortium for managing the power supply of video monitors for computers through the graphics card e.g.; shut off the monitor after the computer has been unused for some time , to save power.- History :DPMS 1.0 was issued by VESA... (DPMS)	1.0	1993
El Torito El Torito (CD-ROM standard) The El Torito Bootable CD Specification is an extension to the ISO 9660 CD-ROM specification. It is designed to allow a computer to boot from a CD-ROM...	1.0	January 25, 1995
Energy Star Energy Star Energy Star is an international standard for energy efficient consumer products originated in the United States of America. It was first created as a United States government program during the early 1990s, but Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Taiwan and the European Union have also adopted...	5.0	November 14, 2008
Extended Industry Standard Architecture Extended Industry Standard Architecture The Extended Industry Standard Architecture is a bus standard for IBM PC compatible computers... (EISA)
Enthusiast System Architecture Enthusiast System Architecture Enthusiast System Architecture is a royalty-free protocol for two-way communication of PC components. Announced in 2007, ESA is used for monitoring temperature of computer hardware components such as the computer case and power supply unit. The latest release of the ESA specification is version... (ESA)	1.0	2007
Extensible Firmware Interface Extensible Firmware Interface The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface is a specification that defines a software interface between an operating system and platform firmware... (EFI)	1.10	December 1, 2002
Embedded Technology eXtended ETX (form factor) ETX, standing for Embedded Technology eXtended, is a highly integrated and compact computer-on-module form factor that can be used in a design application much like an integrated circuit component... (ETX)	3.02	January 22, 2007
EDID Extended display identification data Extended display identification data is a data structure provided by a digital display to describe its capabilities to a video source . It is what enables a modern personal computer to know what kinds of monitors are connected to it. EDID is defined by a standard published by the Video...	2.0
FireWire (IEEE 1394)	1394-2008	December, 2007
HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface HDMI is a compact audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data. It is a digital alternative to consumer analog standards, such as radio frequency coaxial cable, composite video, S-Video, SCART, component video, D-Terminal, or VGA...	1.4	May 28, 2009
HyperTransport HyperTransport HyperTransport , formerly known as Lightning Data Transport , is a technology for interconnection of computer processors. It is a bidirectional serial/parallel high-bandwidth, low-latency point-to-point link that was introduced on April 2, 2001... (HT)	3.1	July 23, 2008
I²C I²C I²C is a multi-master serial single-ended computer bus invented by Philips that is used to attach low-speed peripherals to a motherboard, embedded system, cellphone, or other electronic device. Since the mid 1990s, several competitors I²C ("i-squared cee" or "i-two cee"; Inter-Integrated Circuit;...	03	June 19, 2007
I2O I2O Intelligent Input/Output is a defunct computer input/output specification. I2O emerged from Intel in the mid 1990s with the publication of the I2O specification in 1996 by the Intelligent I/O Special Interest Group....		1996
Industry Standard Architecture Industry Standard Architecture Industry Standard Architecture is a computer bus standard for IBM PC compatible computers introduced with the IBM Personal Computer to support its Intel 8088 microprocessor's 8-bit external data bus and extended to 16 bits for the IBM Personal Computer/AT's Intel 80286 processor... (ISA)
Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE, ATA/ATAPI, PATA)
Intelligent Platform Management Interface Intelligent Platform Management Interface The Intelligent Platform Management Interface is a standardizedcomputer system interface used by system administrators to manage a computer system and monitor its operation.... (IPMI)	2.0	February 14, 2004
Micro Channel Architecture Micro Channel architecture Micro Channel Architecture was a proprietary 16- or 32-bit parallel computer bus introduced by IBM in 1987 which was used on PS/2 and other computers through the mid 1990s.- Background :... (MCA)
MultiProcessor Specification MultiProcessor Specification The MultiProcessor Specification for the x86 architecture is an open standard describing enhancements to both operating systems and firmware, which will allow them to work with x86-compatible processors in a multi-processor configuration.... (MPS)	1.4	July 1, 1995
ONFI Open NAND Flash Interface Working Group The Open NAND Flash Interface Working Group , is a consortium of technology companies working to develop open standards for NAND flash memory chips and devices that communicate with them...	2.2	October 2009
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect Conventional PCI is a computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer...	3.0	August 12, 2002
PC Card PC Card In computing, PC Card is the form factor of a peripheral interface designed for laptop computers. The PC Card standard was defined and developed by the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association which itself was created by a number of computer industry companies in the United States...	8.0	April 2001
PCI-X PCI-X PCI-X, short for PCI-eXtended, is a computer bus and expansion card standard that enhances the 32-bit PCI Local Bus for higher bandwidth demanded by servers. It is a double-wide version of PCI, running at up to four times the clock speed, but is otherwise similar in electrical implementation and...	2.0	2003
PCI Express PCI Express PCI Express , officially abbreviated as PCIe, is a computer expansion card standard designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards... (PCIe)	3.0	November 18, 2010
PMBus PMBus The Power Management Bus is a variant of the System Management Bus which is targeted at digital management of power supplies. Like SMBus, it is a relatively slow speed two wire communications protocol based on I²C...	1.1
RAID RAID RAID is a storage technology that combines multiple disk drive components into a logical unit...		1980's
Small Computer System Interface SCSI SCSI Small Computer System Interface is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices. The SCSI standards define commands, protocols, and electrical and optical interfaces. SCSI is most commonly used for hard disks and tape drives, but it...
Serial ATA Serial ATA Serial ATA is a computer bus interface for connecting host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives... (SATA)	3.1	July 18, 2011
Shuttle PCB Assembly (SPA) for notebook motherboards		2010
Simple Firmware Interface Simple Firmware Interface Simple Firmware Interface is developed by Intel Corporation as a lightweight method for firmware to export static tables to the operating system. It is supported by Intel's hand-held Moorestown platform.... (SFI)	0.7	July 31, 2009
System Management BIOS (SMBIOS)	2.7.1	February 1, 2011
System Management Bus System Management Bus The System Management Bus is a single-ended simple two-wire bus for the purpose of lightweight communication... (SMBus)	2.0	August 3, 2000
Trusted Platform Module Trusted Platform Module In computing, Trusted Platform Module is both the name of a published specification detailing a secure cryptoprocessor that can store cryptographic keys that protect information, as well as the general name of implementations of that specification, often called the "TPM chip" or "TPM Security... (TPM)	1.2 Revision 103	July 9, 2007
TWAIN TWAIN TWAIN is a standard software protocol and applications programming interface that regulates communication between software applications and imaging devices such as scanners and digital cameras....	2.1	July 8, 2009
VESA BIOS Extensions VESA BIOS Extensions VESA BIOS Extensions is a VESA standard, currently at version 3, that defines the interface that can be used by software to access compliant video boards at high resolutions and bit depths... (VBE)	3.0	September 16, 1998
UEFI Platform Initialization Specification Platform Initialization Specification The Platform Initialization Specification is a specification published by the Unified EFI Forum that describes the internal interfaces between different parts of computer platform firmware. This allows for more interoperability between firmware components from different sources...	1.2	May, 2009
UEFI Specification	2.3.1	April 8, 2011
UEFI Shell Specification	2.0	October 8, 2008
Unified Display Interface (UDI)	1.0
Universal Serial Bus Universal Serial Bus USB is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and protocols used in a bus for connection, communication and power supply between computers and electronic devices.... (USB)	3.0	November 17, 2008

Software

Standard	Version	Released
American Standard Code For Information Interchange ASCII The American Standard Code for Information Interchange is a character-encoding scheme based on the ordering of the English alphabet. ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text...
Atom Atom (standard) The name Atom applies to a pair of related standards. The Atom Syndication Format is an XML language used for web feeds, while the Atom Publishing Protocol is a simple HTTP-based protocol for creating and updating web resources.Web feeds allow software programs to check for updates published on a...	1.0
Cascading Style Sheets Cascading Style Sheets Cascading Style Sheets is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation semantics of a document written in a markup language... (CSS)	2.1	July 19, 2007
COLLADA COLLADA COLLADA is a COLLAborative Design Activity for establishing an interchange file format for interactive 3D applications. COLLADA is managed by the nonprofit technology consortium, the Khronos Group....	1.5.0	August 2008
Common Information Model Common Information Model (computing) The Common Information Model is an open standard that defines how managed elements in an IT environment are represented as a common set of objects and relationships between them... (CIM)	2.22	June 25, 2009
Common Gateway Interface Common Gateway Interface The Common Gateway Interface is a standard method for web servers software to delegate the generation of web pages to executable files... (CGI)	1.1
DocBook DocBook DocBook is a semantic markup language for technical documentation. It was originally intended for writing technical documents related to computer hardware and software but it can be used for any other sort of documentation....	5.0
ECMAScript ECMAScript ECMAScript is the scripting language standardized by Ecma International in the ECMA-262 specification and ISO/IEC 16262. The language is widely used for client-side scripting on the web, in the form of several well-known dialects such as JavaScript, JScript, and ActionScript.- History :JavaScript...	Edition 3	December 1999
Executable and Linking Format (ELF)	1.2
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Filesystem Hierarchy Standard The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard defines the main directories and their contents in Linux operating systems. For the most part, it is a formalization and extension of the traditional BSD filesystem hierarchy.... (FHS)	2.3	January 29, 2004
HTML HTML HyperText Markup Language is the predominant markup language for web pages. HTML elements are the basic building-blocks of webpages....	4.01	December 24, 1999
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a networking protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web....	1.1	June 1999
ICC profile ICC profile In color management, an ICC profile is a set of data that characterizes a color input or output device, or a color space, according to standards promulgated by the International Color Consortium...	4.2	October 2004
Linux Standard Base Linux Standard Base The Linux Standard Base is a joint project by several Linux distributions under the organizational structure of the Linux Foundation to standardize the software system structure, including the filesystem hierarchy, used with Linux operating system... (LSB)	4.0	November 11, 2008
MathML MathML Mathematical Markup Language is an application of XML for describing mathematical notations and capturing both its structure and content. It aims at integrating mathematical formulae into World Wide Web pages and other documents...	2.0	October 2003
Message Passing Interface Message Passing Interface Message Passing Interface is a standardized and portable message-passing system designed by a group of researchers from academia and industry to function on a wide variety of parallel computers... (MPI)	2.2	September 4, 2009
Metalink Metalink Metalink is a cross-platform and cross-application Internet standard/framework/file format for programs that download, including download managers, BitTorrent clients, Web browsers, FTP clients, and P2P programs...	4.0	June 2010
Multiboot Specification Multiboot Specification The Multiboot Specification is an open standard originally created in 1995 and developed by the Free Software Foundation. The specification describes a method of loading various multiboot kernels using a single compliant boot loader. GNU Hurd, VMware ESXi, Xen, and L4 microkernels all need to be...	0.6.96	2009
OAuth OAuth OAuth is an open standard for authorization. It allows users to share their private resources stored on one site with another site without having to hand out their credentials, typically username and password.OAuth allows users to hand out tokens instead of credentials to their data hosted by a...	1.0	October 3, 2007
OEmbed OEmbed oEmbed is an open format designed to allow embedding content from a website into another page. This content is of the types photo, video, link or rich....	1.0	March 21, 2008
Office Open XML	1.0	December 2006
OpenAL OpenAL OpenAL is a cross-platform audio API. It is designed for efficient rendering of multichannel three dimensional positional audio. Its API style and conventions deliberately resemble those of OpenGL.- History :...	1.1	July 12, 2007
OpenCL OpenCL OpenCL is a framework for writing programs that execute across heterogeneous platforms consisting of CPUs, GPUs, and other processors. OpenCL includes a language for writing kernels , plus APIs that are used to define and then control the platforms...	1.1	June 11, 2010
OpenDocument OpenDocument The Open Document Format for Office Applications is an XML-based file format for representing electronic documents such as spreadsheets, charts, presentations and word processing documents.... (ODF)	1.2	September 30, 2011
OpenEXR OpenEXR OpenEXR is a high dynamic range imaging image file format, released as an open standard along with a set of software tools created by Industrial Light and Magic , released under a free software license similar to the BSD license....	1.6.1	October 22, 2007
OpenGL OpenGL OpenGL is a standard specification defining a cross-language, cross-platform API for writing applications that produce 2D and 3D computer graphics. The interface consists of over 250 different function calls which can be used to draw complex three-dimensional scenes from simple primitives. OpenGL...	4.0	March 11, 2010
OpenGL ES OpenGL ES OpenGL for Embedded Systems is a subset of the OpenGL 3D graphics application programming interface designed for embedded systems such as mobile phones, PDAs, and video game consoles. OpenGL ES is managed by the not-for-profit technology consortium, the Khronos Group, Inc.- Versions :Several...	2.0	March 2007
OpenML OpenML Open Media Library is a free, cross-platform programming environment designed by the Khronos Group for capturing, transporting, processing, displaying, and synchronizing digital media .-See also:* SDL* Allegro* ClanLib* OpenGL* OpenAL* PLIB-External links:* *...	1.0
OpenSL ES OpenSL ES OpenSL ES is a royalty-free,cross-platform, hardware-accelerated,C-language audio API for 2D and 3D audio.It provides access to features such as 3D positional audio and MIDI playback....	1.0.1	September 24, 2009
OpenVG OpenVG OpenVG is a standard API designed for hardware-accelerated 2D vector graphics. It is aimed primarily at mobile phones, media and gaming consoles such as the PlayStation 3, and other consumer electronic devices. It will help manufacturers create flashier user interfaces that are less dependent on...	1.1	December 9, 2008
OpenWF OpenWF OpenWF is a royalty-free, cross-platform API that provides a low-level hardware abstraction interface for composited windowing systems to make use of composition and display hardware. OpenWF is targeted primarily at handheld devices that require portable acceleration of composition whilst...	1.0	November 9, 2009
Open XML Paper Specification	First Edition	June 16, 2009
Portable Document Format Portable Document Format Portable Document Format is an open standard for document exchange. This file format, created by Adobe Systems in 1993, is used for representing documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.... (PDF)	1.7	November 2006
Portable Network Graphics (PNG)	1.2	August 11, 1999
POSIX POSIX POSIX , an acronym for "Portable Operating System Interface", is a family of standards specified by the IEEE for maintaining compatibility between operating systems...	POSIX:2008	2008
PostScript PostScript PostScript is a dynamically typed concatenative programming language created by John Warnock and Charles Geschke in 1982. It is best known for its use as a page description language in the electronic and desktop publishing areas. Adobe PostScript 3 is also the worldwide printing and imaging...	3	1997
RenderMan RenderMan Interface Specification The RenderMan Interface Specification, or RISpec in short, is an open API developed by Pixar Animation Studios to describe three-dimensional scenes and turn them into digital photorealistic images... (RISpec)	3.2.1	November 2005
Rich Text Format Rich Text Format The Rich Text Format is a proprietary document file format with published specification developed by Microsoft Corporation since 1987 for Microsoft products and for cross-platform document interchange.... (RTF)	1.9.1	March 2008
RSS RSS -Mathematics:* Root-sum-square, the square root of the sum of the squares of the elements of a data set* Residual sum of squares in statistics-Technology:* RSS , "Really Simple Syndication" or "Rich Site Summary", a family of web feed formats...	2.0	September 2002
Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)	2.0	March 2005
Scalable Vector Graphics Scalable Vector Graphics Scalable Vector Graphics is a family of specifications of an XML-based file format for describing two-dimensional vector graphics, both static and dynamic . The SVG specification is an open standard that has been under development by the World Wide Web Consortium since 1999.SVG images and their... (SVG)	1.2T	August 10, 2006
Simple Network Management Protocol Simple Network Management Protocol Simple Network Management Protocol is an "Internet-standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks. Devices that typically support SNMP include routers, switches, servers, workstations, printers, modem racks, and more." It is used mostly in network management systems to monitor... (SNMP)	3	2004
Single UNIX Specification Single UNIX Specification The Single UNIX Specification is the collective name of a family of standards for computer operating systems to qualify for the name "Unix"... (SUS)	3	January 30, 2002
SOAP SOAP SOAP, originally defined as Simple Object Access Protocol, is a protocol specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of Web Services in computer networks...	1.2	June 24, 2003
Standard Configuration File Format		1991
Storage Management Initiative - Specification (SMI-S)	1.1.0	2005
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language SMIL , the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, is a W3C recommended XML markup language for describing multimedia presentations. It defines markup for timing, layout, animations, visual transitions, and media embedding, among other things... (SMIL)	2.1	December 13, 2005
SyncML SyncML SyncML is the former name for a platform-independent information synchronization standard. The project is currently referred to as Open Mobile Alliance Data Synchronization and Device Management...	1.1	April 2, 2002
SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....	SQL:2008	2008
Transport Layer Security Transport Layer Security Transport Layer Security and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer , are cryptographic protocols that provide communication security over the Internet... (TLS)	1.1
Unified Modeling Language Unified Modeling Language Unified Modeling Language is a standardized general-purpose modeling language in the field of object-oriented software engineering. The standard is managed, and was created, by the Object Management Group... (UML)	2.3	May 2010
Unicode Unicode Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems...	5.2.0	October 2009
Universal 3D Universal 3D Universal 3D is a compressed file format standard for 3D computer graphics data.The format was defined by a special consortium called 3D Industry Forum that brought together a diverse group of companies and organizations, including Intel, Boeing, HP, Adobe Systems, Bentley Systems, Right... (U3D)	ECMA-363 4th edition	June 2007
Universal Disk Format Universal Disk Format Universal Disk Format is an implementation of the specification known as ISO/IEC 13346 and ECMA-167 and is an open vendor-neutral file system for computer data storage for a broad range of media. In practice, it has been most widely used for DVDs and newer optical disc formats, supplanting ISO 9660... (UDF)	2.60	March 1, 2005
WebGL WebGL WebGL is a software library that extends the capability of the JavaScript programming language to allow it to generate interactive 3D graphics within any compatible web browser...	1.0	March 3, 2011
Wireless Application Protocol Wireless Application Protocol Wireless Application Protocol is a technical standard for accessing information over a mobile wireless network.A WAP browser is a web browser for mobile devices such as mobile phones that uses the protocol.Before the introduction of WAP, mobile service providers had limited opportunities to offer... (WAP)	2.0	November 6, 2002
Wireless Markup Language Wireless Markup Language Wireless Markup Language , based on XML, is a markup language intended for devices that implement the Wireless Application Protocol specification, such as mobile phones. It provides navigational support, data input, hyperlinks, text and image presentation, and forms, much like HTML... (WML)	2.0	2001
XHTML XHTML XHTML is a family of XML markup languages that mirror or extend versions of the widely-used Hypertext Markup Language , the language in which web pages are written....	1.1	May 31, 2001
XML XML Extensible Markup Language is a set of rules for encoding documents in machine-readable form. It is defined in the XML 1.0 Specification produced by the W3C, and several other related specifications, all gratis open standards....	1.1	February 4, 2004

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