List of Spanish irregular participles
Encyclopedia
In the Spanish language
there are some verbs with irregular participle
s. There are also verbs with both regular and irregular participles, in which the irregular form is most used as an adjective
, while the regular form tends to appear after haber to form the compound "perfect" tenses.
in gender
and number
with the noun modified:
1The roots -facer and -solver appear only in prefixed forms, e.g. satisfacer, absolver. The adjective suelto means 'loose, free'.
Verbs derived from the stems in the table above have participles similar to those of their "parent" verbs — e.g. devolver → devuelto, describir → descrito. Note, however, that this pattern is not followed by corromper, whose participle is regular (corrompido), nor by bendecir and maldecir (see table below).
Spanish language
Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
there are some verbs with irregular participle
Participle
In linguistics, a participle is a word that shares some characteristics of both verbs and adjectives. It can be used in compound verb tenses or voices , or as a modifier...
s. There are also verbs with both regular and irregular participles, in which the irregular form is most used as an adjective
Adjective
In grammar, an adjective is a 'describing' word; the main syntactic role of which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified....
, while the regular form tends to appear after haber to form the compound "perfect" tenses.
Agreement
When a participle is used as adjective, it must agreeAgreement (linguistics)
In languages, agreement or concord is a form of cross-reference between different parts of a sentence or phrase. Agreement happens when a word changes form depending on the other words to which it relates....
in gender
Grammatical gender
Grammatical gender is defined linguistically as a system of classes of nouns which trigger specific types of inflections in associated words, such as adjectives, verbs and others. For a system of noun classes to be a gender system, every noun must belong to one of the classes and there should be...
and number
Grammatical number
In linguistics, grammatical number is a grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, and adjective and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions ....
with the noun modified:
| Masculine | Feminine | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | -o | -a |
| Plural | -os | -as |
Verbs with irregular participle
| Verb | Participle | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| abrir | abierto | 'open(ed)' |
| cubrir | cubierto | 'covered' |
| decir | dicho | 'said' |
| escribir | escrito | 'written' |
| -facer1 | -fecho | — |
| hacer | hecho | 'done, made' |
| morir | muerto | 'died, dead' |
| poner | puesto | 'put, placed' |
| pudrir | podrido | 'rotten' |
| romper | roto | 'broken' |
| -solver1 | -suelto | — |
| ver | visto | 'seen' |
| volver | vuelto | '(re)turned' |
1The roots -facer and -solver appear only in prefixed forms, e.g. satisfacer, absolver. The adjective suelto means 'loose, free'.
Verbs derived from the stems in the table above have participles similar to those of their "parent" verbs — e.g. devolver → devuelto, describir → descrito. Note, however, that this pattern is not followed by corromper, whose participle is regular (corrompido), nor by bendecir and maldecir (see table below).
Verbs with regular and irregular participles
| Verb | Regular Participle | Irregular Participle | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| bendecir | bendecido | bendito | 'blessed' |
| elegir | elegido | electo | 'elected, selected' |
| freír | freído | frito | 'fried' |
| imprimir | imprimido | impreso | 'printed' |
| maldecir | maldecido | maldito | 'damned' |
| poseer | poseído | poseso | 'possessed' |
| proveer | proveído | provisto | 'supplied' |