List of Presidents of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives
Encyclopedia
This is a list of Presidents of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives.
The President of the Chamber of Representatives is the presiding officer of the lower house
of the Federal Parliament
of Belgium. The current President of the Chamber of Representatives is André Flahaut
of the Parti Socialiste.
The President of the Chamber of Representatives is the presiding officer of the lower house
Lower house
A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house.Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide the lower house has come to wield more power...
of the Federal Parliament
Belgian Federal Parliament
The Belgian Federal Parliament is a bicameral parliament. It consists of the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate . It sits in the Palace of the Nation .- Chamber of Representatives :...
of Belgium. The current President of the Chamber of Representatives is André Flahaut
André Flahaut
André M.J.Gh. Flahaut is a Belgian politician. He was born on 18 August 1955 in Walhain, then in the province of Brabant and now in the province of Walloon Brabant. Flahaut studied political sciences and public administration at the Université Libre de Bruxelles.He joined the Socialist Party in...
of the Parti Socialiste.
No. | Name | Party | Entered office | Left office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Etienne Constantin de Gerlache | Catholic Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
September 10, 1831 | July 18, 1832 | |
2. | Jean Raikem | Catholic Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
November 15, 1832 | May 24, 1839 | |
3. | Isidore Fallon | Catholic Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
November 15, 1839 | September 10, 1842 | |
4. | Jean Raikem | Catholic Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
November 9, 1842 | April 6, 1843 | |
5. | Charles Liedts Charles Liedts Charles A. Liedts was a Belgian liberal politician. He was President of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives from 17 November 1843 until 20 May 1848.-Source:*... |
Liberal Party Liberal Party (Belgium) The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.-History:The Liberal Party was founded... |
November 17, 1843 | May 20, 1848 | |
6. | Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen was a Belgian lawyer, founder of the Université libre de Bruxelles, and liberal politician... |
Liberal Party Liberal Party (Belgium) The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.-History:The Liberal Party was founded... |
June 28, 1848 | April 3, 1852 | |
7. | Noël Joseph Auguste Delfosse | Liberal Party Liberal Party (Belgium) The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.-History:The Liberal Party was founded... |
October 26, 1852 | April 24, 1855 | |
8. | Josse Joseph de Lehaye Josse Joseph de Lehaye Josse Judocus Joseph de Lehaye-Dael was a Belgian magistrate and liberal politician.As a politician, he was a member of the National Congress, burgomaster of Merendree, member of the municipal council and mayor of Ghent , member of the provincial council of the province of East Flanders and a... |
Liberal Party Liberal Party (Belgium) The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.-History:The Liberal Party was founded... |
April 25, 1855 | June 13, 1857 | |
9. | Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen was a Belgian lawyer, founder of the Université libre de Bruxelles, and liberal politician... |
Liberal Party Liberal Party (Belgium) The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.-History:The Liberal Party was founded... |
December 17, 1857 | May 30, 1859 | |
10. | Auguste Englebert Pierre Orts | Liberal Party Liberal Party (Belgium) The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.-History:The Liberal Party was founded... |
July 19, 1859 | July 18, 1860 | |
11. | Désiré Jean Léon Vervoort | Liberal Party Liberal Party (Belgium) The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.-History:The Liberal Party was founded... |
November 23, 1860 | May 27, 1863 | |
12. | Ernest Louis de Gonzague Vandenpeereboom Ernest Louis de Gonzague Vandenpeereboom Ernest Louis de Gonzague Vandenpeereboom was a Belgian doctor in law, industrialist and liberal politician.... |
Liberal Party Liberal Party (Belgium) The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.-History:The Liberal Party was founded... |
December 15, 1863 | October 23, 1867 | |
13. | Hubert Joseph Dolez Hubert Joseph Dolez Hubert Joseph Dolez was a Belgian lawyer and liberal politician.As a politician, he was a member of the Belgian parliament, President of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives from 23 October 1867 until 20 May 1870 and Minister of State.-Source:* * Wellens, R., in : Biographie Nationale, Brussels,... |
Liberal Party Liberal Party (Belgium) The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.-History:The Liberal Party was founded... |
October 23, 1867 | May 20, 1870 | |
14. | Charles Vilain XIIII | Catholic Party Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
August 11, 1870 | July 26, 1871 | |
15. | Xavier Victor Thibaut | Catholic Party Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
November 15, 1871 | May 29, 1878 | |
16. | Charles Rogier Charles Rogier Charles Latour Rogier was a Belgian liberal statesman and a leader in the Belgian Revolution of 1830. He became Prime Minister of Belgium on two separate occasions: from 1847 to 1852, and again from 1857 to 1868.... |
Liberal Party Liberal Party (Belgium) The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.-History:The Liberal Party was founded... |
August 1, 1878 | August 26, 1878 | |
17. | Jules Louis Guillery | Liberal Party Liberal Party (Belgium) The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.-History:The Liberal Party was founded... |
November 13, 1878 | March 10, 1881 | |
18. | Joseph Jules Descamps Joseph Jules Descamps Jules Joseph Descamps was a Belgian liberal politician. He was a member of the Belgian parliament and President of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives from 22 March 1881 until 17 May 1884.-Source:*... |
Liberal Party Liberal Party (Belgium) The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.-History:The Liberal Party was founded... |
March 22, 1881 | May 17, 1884 | |
19. | Xavier Victor Thibaut | Catholic Party Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
July 23, 1884 | September 2, 1884 | |
20. | Théophile de Lantsheere Théophile de Lantsheere Théophile Charles André de Lantsheere was a Belgian Catholic Party politician.Born in Asse, De Lantsheere was a student of law, obtaining a doctorate, and practiced as an advocate in Brussels... |
Catholic Party Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
November 12, 1884 | November 25, 1895 | |
21. | Auguste Marie François Beernaert Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert Auguste Marie François Beernaert was the 14th Prime Minister of Belgium from October 1884 to March 1894.... |
Catholic Party Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
January 30, 1895 | May 7, 1900 | |
22. | Louis Marie Joseph de Sadeleer | Catholic Party Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
July 18, 1900 | November 8, 1901 | |
23. | Frans Schollaert Frans Schollaert François Victor Marie Ghislain Schollaert was a Belgian Catholic Party politician.Born in Wilsele, Schollaert trained as a lawyer and practiced in Leuven. He served as head of the Flemish farmer's union, the Boerenbond... |
Catholic Party Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
November 12, 1901 | January 9, 1908 | |
24. | Gérard Cooreman Gérard Cooreman Gérard François Marie Cooreman was a Belgian Catholic Party politician.Born in Ghent, Cooreman was trained in law, and practised as a lawyer, but was more active as a businessman and financier, and became involved with Catholic social groups.In 1892 Cooreman was elected to the Belgian Senate, and... |
Catholic Party Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
January 16, 1908 | August 8, 1912 | |
25. | Frans Schollaert Frans Schollaert François Victor Marie Ghislain Schollaert was a Belgian Catholic Party politician.Born in Wilsele, Schollaert trained as a lawyer and practiced in Leuven. He served as head of the Flemish farmer's union, the Boerenbond... |
Catholic Party Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
November 12, 1912 | June 29, 1917 | |
26. | Prosper Poullet Prosper Poullet Prosper Antoine Marie Joseph, Viscount Poullet was a Belgian politician.Born in Leuven, Poullet studied law at the Catholic University of Leuven and was later a professor at the university. He was of member of K.A.V... |
Catholic Party Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
November 28, 1918 | October 13, 1919 | |
27. | Emile Brunet | BWP-POB Belgian Labour Party The Belgian Labour Party, called Belgische Werkliedenpartij in Dutch and Parti Ouvrier Belge in French, was the first socialist party in Belgium, founded in 1885.-History:... |
December 10, 1919 | August 6, 1928 | |
28. | Emile Tibbaut | Catholic Union Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
August 16, 1928 | September 5, 1930 | |
29. | Jules Poncelet | Catholic Union Catholic Party (Belgium) The first Catholic Party in Belgium was established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party .-History:In 1852 a Union Constitutionelle et Conservatrice was founded in Ghent, in Leuven , and in Antwerp and Brussels in 1858, which were active only during elections... |
November 11, 1930 | April 13, 1936 | |
30. | Camille Huysmans Camille Huysmans Jean Joseph Camille Huysmans was a Belgian politician.Huymans studied German philology at the University of Liège. He was a teacher from 1893 until 1897... |
BWP-POB Belgian Labour Party The Belgian Labour Party, called Belgische Werkliedenpartij in Dutch and Parti Ouvrier Belge in French, was the first socialist party in Belgium, founded in 1885.-History:... |
June 23, 1936 | March 6, 1939 | |
31. | Frans Van Cauwelaert Frans Van Cauwelaert Frans van Cauwelaert , was a Belgian Roman Catholic politician and lawyer.Van Cauwelaert was born at Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-Lombeek... |
CVP Christian Democratic and Flemish The Christian Democratic and Flemish is a political party of Belgium, formerly called Christian People's Party... –PSC Humanist Democratic Centre The Humanist Democratic Centre is a Francophone Christian democratic political party in Belgium. The cdH currently participates in the Government of the Brussels-Capital Region, the Government of the French Community and the Walloon Government.- History :... |
April 21, 1939 | March 12, 1954 | |
32. | Camille Huysmans Camille Huysmans Jean Joseph Camille Huysmans was a Belgian politician.Huymans studied German philology at the University of Liège. He was a teacher from 1893 until 1897... |
BSP-PSB Belgian Socialist Party The Belgian Socialist Party was a democratic socialist party which existed in Belgium from 1945 to 1978.The BSP was founded by activists from the Belgian Labour Party , which was the first Belgian socialist party. It ceased to function during the Second World War, while Belgium was under Nazi... |
April 27, 1954 | November 11, 1958 | |
33. | Paul Kronacker Paul Kronacker Baron Paul Georges Marie Kronacker was a Belgian chemist and liberal politician for the Liberal Party.-Education:He graduated as a chemist at the Université Libre de Bruxelles .... |
Liberal Party Liberal Party (Belgium) The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.-History:The Liberal Party was founded... |
November 11, 1958 | April 17, 1961 | |
34. | Achille Van Acker Achille Van Acker Achille Honoré Van Acker was the 33rd Prime Minister of Belgium in four different cabinets from 1945 to 1958, for a total period of seven years. He was a member of the BSP-PSB - the then still national Belgian Socialist Party. He was nicknamed Achille Charbon.-Life:Van Acker was born in Bruges on... |
BSP-PSB Belgian Socialist Party The Belgian Socialist Party was a democratic socialist party which existed in Belgium from 1945 to 1978.The BSP was founded by activists from the Belgian Labour Party , which was the first Belgian socialist party. It ceased to function during the Second World War, while Belgium was under Nazi... |
April 27, 1961 | March 10, 1974 | |
35. | André Dequae | CVP Christian Democratic and Flemish The Christian Democratic and Flemish is a political party of Belgium, formerly called Christian People's Party... |
April 30, 1974 | June 7, 1977 | |
36. | Edmond Leburton Edmond Leburton Edmond Jules Isidore Leburton was a Belgian politician and former Prime Minister.Leburton served as the 42nd Prime Minister of Belgium from January 1973 to April 1974. He is the last native French speaker to hold that office, disregarding the bilingual Paul Vanden Boeynants from Brussels. He was a... |
PS Socialist Party (francophone Belgium) The Socialist Party is a Francophone social-democratic political party in Belgium. As of the 2010 elections, it is the second largest party in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives and the largest Francophone party... |
June 7, 1977 | April 3, 1979 | |
37. | Charles-Ferdinand Nothomb Charles-Ferdinand Nothomb Baron Charles-Ferdinand N.M.P. Nothomb is a French speaking Belgian politician.He is a member of the Humanist Democratic Centre . He served as Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1980 until 1981... |
PSC Humanist Democratic Centre The Humanist Democratic Centre is a Francophone Christian democratic political party in Belgium. The cdH currently participates in the Government of the Brussels-Capital Region, the Government of the French Community and the Walloon Government.- History :... |
April 3, 1979 | May 20, 1980 | |
38. | Jean Defraigne Jean Defraigne Jean Pierre Marie Olivier Germain Defraigne is a Belgian liberal politician and minister for the Liberal Reformist Party .... |
PRL Liberal Reformist Party The Parti Réformateur Libéral was a Belgian liberal party active in Wallonia and Brussels. It grew out of the unitiarian PVV-PLP and has since become part of the Mouvement Réformateur.-PVV-PLP:* Omer Vanaudenhove 1961 - 1968... |
May 20, 1980 | October 24, 1980 | |
39. | Joseph Michel | PSC Humanist Democratic Centre The Humanist Democratic Centre is a Francophone Christian democratic political party in Belgium. The cdH currently participates in the Government of the Brussels-Capital Region, the Government of the French Community and the Walloon Government.- History :... |
October 24, 1980 | December 18, 1981 | |
40. | Jean Defraigne Jean Defraigne Jean Pierre Marie Olivier Germain Defraigne is a Belgian liberal politician and minister for the Liberal Reformist Party .... |
PRL Liberal Reformist Party The Parti Réformateur Libéral was a Belgian liberal party active in Wallonia and Brussels. It grew out of the unitiarian PVV-PLP and has since become part of the Mouvement Réformateur.-PVV-PLP:* Omer Vanaudenhove 1961 - 1968... |
December 18, 1981 | January 19, 1988 | |
41. | Erik Vankeirsbilck | CVP Christian Democratic and Flemish The Christian Democratic and Flemish is a political party of Belgium, formerly called Christian People's Party... |
January 19, 1988 | May 10, 1988 | |
42. | Charles-Ferdinand Nothomb Charles-Ferdinand Nothomb Baron Charles-Ferdinand N.M.P. Nothomb is a French speaking Belgian politician.He is a member of the Humanist Democratic Centre . He served as Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1980 until 1981... |
PSC Humanist Democratic Centre The Humanist Democratic Centre is a Francophone Christian democratic political party in Belgium. The cdH currently participates in the Government of the Brussels-Capital Region, the Government of the French Community and the Walloon Government.- History :... |
May 10, 1988 | April 12, 1995 | |
43. | Jos Dupré | CVP Christian Democratic and Flemish The Christian Democratic and Flemish is a political party of Belgium, formerly called Christian People's Party... |
June 8, 1995 | June 28, 1995 | |
44. | Raymond Langendries Raymond Langendries Raymond A. Langendries is a Belgian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the French Community of Belgium with the Centre Démocrate Humaniste, part of the European People's Party and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.He is a substitute for... |
PSC Humanist Democratic Centre The Humanist Democratic Centre is a Francophone Christian democratic political party in Belgium. The cdH currently participates in the Government of the Brussels-Capital Region, the Government of the French Community and the Walloon Government.- History :... |
June 28, 1995 | July 1, 1999 | |
45. | Herman De Croo Herman De Croo Herman Francies Joseph De Croo is a Belgian liberal politician. He is a member of the Open VLD. He is the father of current Open VLD chairman Alexander De Croo.... |
VLD Flemish Liberals and Democrats ' , commonly known as Open VLD and also simply as the VLD, is a Flemish liberal political party in Belgium, created in 1992 from the former Party for Freedom and Progress and a few other politicians from other parties. The party led the government for three cabinets under Guy Verhofstadt from 1999... |
July, 1999 | 12 July 2007 | |
46. | Herman Van Rompuy Herman Van Rompuy Herman Achille Van Rompuy is the first long-term and full-time President of the European Council... |
CD&V Christian Democratic and Flemish The Christian Democratic and Flemish is a political party of Belgium, formerly called Christian People's Party... |
12 July 2007 | 30 December 2008 | |
47. | Patrick Dewael Patrick Dewael Patrick Yvonne Hugo Dewael, in Lier, Belgium is a liberal Belgian politician. He is a member of the Flemish Liberals and Democrats, or Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten . He is the nephew of the late liberal minister Herman Vanderpoorten and the cousin of Marleen Vanderpoorten, who also served as... |
Open VLD Flemish Liberals and Democrats ' , commonly known as Open VLD and also simply as the VLD, is a Flemish liberal political party in Belgium, created in 1992 from the former Party for Freedom and Progress and a few other politicians from other parties. The party led the government for three cabinets under Guy Verhofstadt from 1999... |
30 December 2008 | 20 July 2010 | |
48. | André Flahaut André Flahaut André M.J.Gh. Flahaut is a Belgian politician. He was born on 18 August 1955 in Walhain, then in the province of Brabant and now in the province of Walloon Brabant. Flahaut studied political sciences and public administration at the Université Libre de Bruxelles.He joined the Socialist Party in... |
PS | 20 July 2010 | Incumbent |
See also
- Belgian Chamber of Representatives
- List of Presidents of the Belgian Senate
- Politics of BelgiumPolitics of BelgiumPolitics of Belgium takes place in a framework of a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic, constitutional monarchy, whereby the King of the Belgians is the Head of State and the Prime Minister of Belgium is the head of government in a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by...