Lifecasting (video stream)
Encyclopedia
Lifecasting is a continual broadcast of events in a person's life through digital media
. Typically, lifecasting is transmitted through the medium of the Internet
and can involve wearable technology
. Lifecasting reverses the concept of surveillance
, giving rise to sousveillance
through portability, personal experience capture, daily routines and interactive communication with viewers.
featured "God's Little Toy," a lifecasting mini-blimp, that followed subjects around—for their lives—in the novel All Tomorrow's Parties
.
Jean-Luc Godard
said, "Cinema is not a dream or a fantasy. It is life." In the pre-history of the lifecasting movement, the introduction of lightweight, portable cameras during the early 1960s, as used in the Cinéma vérité
and Direct cinema
movements, changed the nature of documentary film
making. Technological improvements in audio and the invention of smaller, less intrusive cameras brought about more naturalistic situations in documentary films by Robert Drew
, Richard Leacock
, the Maysles Brothers
and others. While filmmakers such as Michel Auder
, Jonas Mekas
and Ed Pincus
created cinematic diaries, the sculptor Claes Oldenburg
, in the early 1960s, had theatrical showings of his home movies. Andy Warhol
, who once said, "I like boring things," introduced the notion that life could be captured simply by aiming a fixed camera at subjects usually regarded as "boring" and later projecting the unedited footage. The documentary filmmaker Emile de Antonio
observed that “with any cut at all, objectivity fades away.”
A milestone came in 1973 on PBS when ten million PBS viewers followed the lives of the Loud family
each week on An American Family
, a documentary series often cited as the beginning of reality television
. Six years later, the series was satirized by Albert Brooks
in his first feature film, Real Life
(1979).
whose experiments with wearable computing and streaming video in the early 1980s led to Wearable Wireless Webcam. Starting in 1994, Mann continuously transmitted his everyday life 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and his site grew in popularity to become Cool Site of the Day in 2005. Using a wearable camera and wearable display, he invited others to both see what he was looking at, over the Web, as well as send him live feeds or messages in real time. In 1998 Mann started a community of lifecasters which has grown to more than 20,000 members.
Jennifer Ringley
's JenniCam (1996-2004) attracted mass media attention, as noted by Cnet: "JenniCam, beginning in 1996, was the first really successful 'lifecasting' attempt." Ringley appeared on talk shows and magazines covers, and her pioneering effort was followed by collegeboyslive.tv and MagicsWebpage.tv (1998). That same year, the streaming of live video from the University of Toronto became a social networking phenomenon.
Lisa Batey
and HereAndNow.net started streaming 24/7 in 1999, continuing into 2001. "We Live In Public" was a 24/7 Internet conceptual art experiment created by Josh Harris in December 1999. With a format similar to TV's Big Brother
, Harris placed tapped telephones, microphones and 32 robotic cameras in the home he shared with his girlfriend, Tanya Corrin. Viewers talked to Harris and Corrin in the site's chatroom. Others on camera included New York artists Alex Arcadia and Alfredo Martinez, as well as =JUDGECAL= and Shannon from pseudo.com fame. Harris launched the online live video platform, Operator 11.
Zac Adams' CollegeBoysLive (1998-present) became the first live reality site featuring a group of unrelated gay guys living in a house together. Collegeboyslive chose random people to live in the house and have their lives broadcast 24/7.
DotComGuy
arrived in 2000, and the following year, the Seeing-Eye-People Project combined live streaming with social networking to assist the visually challenged. After Joi Ito
's Moblog (2002), web publishing from a mobile device, came Gordon Bell
's MyLifeBits
(2004), an experiment in digital storage of a person's lifetime, including full-text search, text/audio annotations and hyperlinks. Social networking took a quantum leap in 2006 with live webcam feeds on Stickam
.
Over decades, Rick Kirkham
shot more than 3000 hours of his video diaries, documenting his own descent from nationally syndicated broadcast journalist (Inside Edition) to the drug and alcohol abuse that destroyed his career and family life. His footage was edited into the documentary TV Junkie (2006). OurPrisoner
was a 2006 internet "reality show" which featured a man living on camera for 6 months who had to follow viewer directions to win prizes.
In 2004 Arin Crumley and Susan Buice met online and began a relationship. They decided to forgo verbal communication during the initial courtship and instead spoke to each other via written notes, sketches, video clips and myspace. They went on to create an autobiographical film about it called Four Eyed Monsters
. It was part documentary, part narrative with a few scripted elements added. They went on to produce 13 podcasts about the making of the film in order to promote it.
, a platform for live video streaming online. Wearing a webcam attached to a cap, Kan began streaming continuous live video and audio, beginning at midnight March 19, 2007, and he named this procedure "lifecasting," apparently unaware of the accepted use of that term for a sculpting process
. Kan announced that he would wear his camera "24 hours a day, seven days a week." The novelty of Kan's concept attracted media attention, and resulting interviews with him included one by Ann Curry
on the Today Show. Viewers accompanied Kan as he walked the streets of San Francisco, sometimes involved in both pre-planned events (trapeze lesson, dance lesson) and also spontaneous situations (being invited into the local Scientology Center
by a sidewalk recruiter). What viewers witnessed was all from Kan's subjective POV as seen from his 24/7 portable live video streaming system developed by Kyle Vogt, one of the four founders of Justin.tv. Vogt recalled:
Vogt's mobile broadcasting hardware consisted of a proprietary Linux-based computer in a box, four Evolution-Data Optimized
(EVDO) USB networking adapters, a commercially produced analog to MPEG-4
video encoder and a large Lithium-Ion battery with eight hours of running time. The setup currently used is one wireless EVDO networking card and a wearable computer
(laptop in a backpack) the video is streamed at ten frames per second from Kan's location using a commercial off-the-shelf product from On2. The computer takes an encoded video stream from the camera and sends it to the main website.
(aka iJustine) in Pittsburgh. Ezarik took a different approach, often aiming the camera at herself instead of just showing what she was seeing. Attending various tech and media events or working on her design and video projects, she also spent much more time than Kan in communicating directly to her audience.
Kan's cryptic references to "the big rollout" became clear in the summer of 2007 when Justin.tv became a springboard for more than 60 different channels as it made its technology available to a continual flow of applicants. This included a wide variety of participants, from a Christian family and radio stations to college students, graphic designers and a Subaru repair shop. By August 2007, channels were being added at an average rate of two a day.
In September 2007, Justin.tv added a visual Directory at the top of the screen that worked in a manner similar to iTunes' Cover Flow. In that Directory one can scroll horizontally past each lifecaster and tell from the audio/video whether he or she is broadcasting, has walked away from the camera or has shut down. On September 30, 2007, reviews of channels and lifecasters began appearing on various Justin TV-related gossip blogs.
By the fall of 2007, Justin.tv had expanded to nearly 700 channels, generating 1,650 hours of daily programming, but frequent regulars stay in the forefront because hundreds of other lifecasters are on infrequently or rarely. Past regulars have included Australian shark hunter AussieBloke, 24/7 LifeCaster E-TARD, 18-year-old Meagan of I'm a Plastic Princess, culinary expert Justopia, San Francisco promotional model Krystyl Baldwin, 22-year-old "Roxie" in San Luis Obispo, "everyday housewife" Silver Lining, Jane, a 21-year-old musically inclined Texan. and Florida radio personality Whitney Laney.
On October 2, 2007, Justin.tv became an open network, enabling anyone to register and broadcast his or her life. By October 13, Justin.tv had signed 3200 broadcasting accounts. Sites such as Justin.tv and Ustream.tv make it possible for anyone with a computer, a webcam, a microphone and an Internet connection to lifecast to a global audience. Some angle their camera to show themselves sitting at a computer, and they may or may not choose to communicate with viewers. either by speaking or typing in a chat area. Some leave their cameras on while they sleep. In some situations, a camera might show an empty room as the lifecaster walks around the house doing chores, totally ignoring the viewers.
As the beta testing of Justin.tv shifted to a full launch, Randall Stross examined the business aspects in The New York Times (October 14, 2007):
, however, broadcast her entire life, talking constantly to viewers and informing them of her every decision in her Brooklyn
apartment. Batey supplements her 24/7 streaming with entries she posts in her LiveJournal
, not unlike the diary entries written by JenniCam. In August 2007, Batey did extensive technical research so that she could continue to broadcast without interruptions or equipment problems while she vacationed in Tokyo
and Kyoto
during September 2007. The following year, she moved to Tokyo and continued to lifecast from there. A pioneer in the field, Batey has been lifecasting since 1999 when she was 20 years old.
Sarah Austin began her media career as a tech news producer and DJ for three years at UC Berkeley’s radio station, KALX 90.7 FM, moving into video with her d7tv.com series Party Crashers which displayed her exploits crashing Silicon Valley parties. She started lifecasting in San Francisco during the spring of 2007, and when she moved to New York in August 2007 she continued to lifecast. As a video journalist, she began attending a variety of events, including the Halo 3 launch, the Ground Zero Memorial service, New York Fashion Week and Comic Book Club meetings. She sometimes would chat with her viewers while having breakfast, and more often, left the camera on as she studied her college textbooks. She amplified her video journalism with reports in the Sarah Meyers blog. In November 2007 she began tests of her 2008 Pop17 show, an Internet series of tech news, cyber commentary, interviews and unusual video clips.
Dylan Reichstadt, a teenager from Minnesota, started broadcasting his life in 2007. Reichstadt was featured on KARE 11 television in December 2008. He uses justin.tv
founded by Justin Kan and broadcasts by using his laptop, an EVDO card, his camera, and his hat for the Hat Cam.. He has multiple sponsors that help pay for costs associated to broadcasting including: Boston musician Nick Consone and Wirecast
. As of today, Reichstadt has over 5,500 fans and the views on his broadcasting page are over 2 million.
Justin Shattuck took lifecasting to a new level in July 2007 by using a GPS unit
. He picked up real estate entrepreneur, Mark Timms in Charleston, South Carolina and attempted to travel to the 48 continental states in seven days. The GPS unit made it possible for viewers to follow their exact location as a moving dot on a map. The 48/7 trip ended with exhausted Shattuck with a late night confession from a Brooklyn
rooftop. Shattuck gave people rides to wherever they wanted to go, no matter how distant the destination.
, have used the new media for promotional purposes, gaining both viewers and press coverage as she began video streaming her life seven days a week on Ustream.tv. This lifecasting strategy boosted sales with preorders for her album Pivot:
Other labels for lifecasting and related have occasionally surfaced, including cyborglog, glog, lifeblog, lifeglob, LifeLog
, lifestreaming, livecasting and wearcam. However, during the summer of 2007, Kan's term, lifecasting, escalated into general usage and became the accepted label of the movement.
was launched. It gained popularity among lifecasters with famous people like Ashton Kucher and Kevin Rose
being frequent users of the software. Also in 2008 lifecasting found its way into Social Networking at Next2Friends with their introduction of live streamed video from mobile.
Digital media
Digital media is a form of electronic media where data is stored in digital form. It can refer to the technical aspect of storage and transmission Digital media is a form of electronic media where data is stored in digital (as opposed to analog) form. It can refer to the technical aspect of...
. Typically, lifecasting is transmitted through the medium of the Internet
Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
and can involve wearable technology
Wearable computer
Wearable computers are miniature electronic devices that are worn by the bearer under, with or on top of clothing. This class of wearable technology has been developed for general or special purpose information technologies and media development...
. Lifecasting reverses the concept of surveillance
Surveillance
Surveillance is the monitoring of the behavior, activities, or other changing information, usually of people. It is sometimes done in a surreptitious manner...
, giving rise to sousveillance
Sousveillance
Sousveillance refers to the recording of an activity by a participant in the activity typically by way of small wearable or portable personal technologies.Sousveillance has also been described as "inverse surveillance", i.e...
through portability, personal experience capture, daily routines and interactive communication with viewers.
Precursors
Author William GibsonWilliam Gibson
William Gibson is an American-Canadian science fiction author.William Gibson may also refer to:-Association football:*Will Gibson , Scottish footballer...
featured "God's Little Toy," a lifecasting mini-blimp, that followed subjects around—for their lives—in the novel All Tomorrow's Parties
All Tomorrow's Parties
"All Tomorrow's Parties" is a song by The Velvet UndergroundAll Tomorrow's Parties may also refer to:* All Tomorrow's Parties , an annual festival in England...
.
Jean-Luc Godard
Jean-Luc Godard
Jean-Luc Godard is a French-Swiss film director, screenwriter and film critic. He is often identified with the 1960s French film movement, French Nouvelle Vague, or "New Wave"....
said, "Cinema is not a dream or a fantasy. It is life." In the pre-history of the lifecasting movement, the introduction of lightweight, portable cameras during the early 1960s, as used in the Cinéma vérité
Cinéma vérité
Cinéma vérité is a style of documentary filmmaking, combining naturalistic techniques with stylized cinematic devices of editing and camerawork, staged set-ups, and the use of the camera to provoke subjects. It is also known for taking a provocative stance toward its topics.There are subtle yet...
and Direct cinema
Direct Cinema
Direct Cinema is a documentary genre that originated between 1958 and 1962 in North America, principally in the Canadian province of Quebec and the United States...
movements, changed the nature of documentary film
Documentary film
Documentary films constitute a broad category of nonfictional motion pictures intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction or maintaining a historical record...
making. Technological improvements in audio and the invention of smaller, less intrusive cameras brought about more naturalistic situations in documentary films by Robert Drew
Robert Drew
Robert Lincoln Drew is an American documentary filmmaker known as a pioneer of cinéma vérité, or direct cinema, in the United States....
, Richard Leacock
Richard Leacock
Richard Leacock was a British-born documentary film director and one of the pioneers of Direct Cinema and Cinéma vérité.-Early life and career:...
, the Maysles Brothers
Albert and David Maysles
Albert and David Maysles were a documentary filmmaking team whose cinéma vérité works include Salesman , Gimme Shelter and Grey Gardens . Their 1964 film on The Beatles forms the backbone of the DVD, The Beatles: The First U.S. Visit...
and others. While filmmakers such as Michel Auder
Michel Auder
Michel Auder was born in Soissons France in 1945. He began making films at the age of 18. He was influenced of the French New Wave and experimental cinema, most notably Jean-Luc Godard and Andy Warhol. In 1969, Auder met and eventually married Viva, one of Warhol’s principal talents. A year later,...
, Jonas Mekas
Jonas Mekas
Jonas Mekas is a Lithuanian-born American filmmaker, writer, and curator who has often been called "the godfather of American avant-garde cinema." His work has been exhibited in museums and festivals across Europe and America.-Biography:...
and Ed Pincus
Ed Pincus
Ed Pincus began filmmaking in 1964, developing a direct cinema approach to social and political problems. He has producer-director-DP credits on eight of his films and has been cinematographer on more than a dozen additional films.-Films:...
created cinematic diaries, the sculptor Claes Oldenburg
Claes Oldenburg
Claes Oldenburg is a Swedish sculptor, best known for his public art installations typically featuring very large replicas of everyday objects...
, in the early 1960s, had theatrical showings of his home movies. Andy Warhol
Andy Warhol
Andrew Warhola , known as Andy Warhol, was an American painter, printmaker, and filmmaker who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art...
, who once said, "I like boring things," introduced the notion that life could be captured simply by aiming a fixed camera at subjects usually regarded as "boring" and later projecting the unedited footage. The documentary filmmaker Emile de Antonio
Emile de Antonio
Emile de Antonio was a director and producer of documentary films, usually detailing political or social events circa 1960s–1980s...
observed that “with any cut at all, objectivity fades away.”
A milestone came in 1973 on PBS when ten million PBS viewers followed the lives of the Loud family
Lance Loud
Alanson Russell "Lance" Loud was an American magazine columnist and new wave rock-n-roll performer. Loud is best known for his 1973 appearance in An American Family, a pioneer reality television series that featured his coming out, leading to his status as an icon in the gay community.-Early...
each week on An American Family
An American Family
An American Family is an American television documentary filmed from May 30 through December 31, 1971 and first aired in the United States on the Public Broadcasting Service in early 1973. After being edited down from about 300 hours of raw footage, the series ran 12 episodes and one season...
, a documentary series often cited as the beginning of reality television
Reality television
Reality television is a genre of television programming that presents purportedly unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and usually features ordinary people instead of professional actors, sometimes in a contest or other situation where a prize is awarded...
. Six years later, the series was satirized by Albert Brooks
Albert Brooks
Albert Lawrence Brooks is an American actor, voice actor, writer, comedian and director. He received an Academy Award nomination in 1987 for his role in Broadcast News...
in his first feature film, Real Life
Real Life (film)
Real Life is an American comedy film released in 1979. The first feature directed by Albert Brooks, who also co-authored the screenplay, it is a spoof of the 1973 reality television program An American Family and portrays a documentary filmmaker named Albert Brooks who attempts to live with and...
(1979).
Lifecasters
The first person to do lifecasting, i.e. stream continuous live first-person video from a wearable camera, was Steve MannSteve Mann
Steven Mann , is a tenured professor at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Toronto.-Education:...
whose experiments with wearable computing and streaming video in the early 1980s led to Wearable Wireless Webcam. Starting in 1994, Mann continuously transmitted his everyday life 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and his site grew in popularity to become Cool Site of the Day in 2005. Using a wearable camera and wearable display, he invited others to both see what he was looking at, over the Web, as well as send him live feeds or messages in real time. In 1998 Mann started a community of lifecasters which has grown to more than 20,000 members.
Jennifer Ringley
Jennifer Ringley
Jennifer Kaye Ringley is an Internet personality and former lifecaster. She is known for creating the popular website JenniCam.Previously, live webcams transmitted static shots from cameras aimed through windows or at coffee pots...
's JenniCam (1996-2004) attracted mass media attention, as noted by Cnet: "JenniCam, beginning in 1996, was the first really successful 'lifecasting' attempt." Ringley appeared on talk shows and magazines covers, and her pioneering effort was followed by collegeboyslive.tv and MagicsWebpage.tv (1998). That same year, the streaming of live video from the University of Toronto became a social networking phenomenon.
Lisa Batey
Lisa Batey
Lisa Emily Batey is a lifecaster who has streamed live from Brooklyn, Tokyo and other locations as Nekomimi Lisa on Justin.tv and Ustream.tv. She is noted both for her pioneering innovations in this field and for her extended interactions with viewers at both interior and exterior locations...
and HereAndNow.net started streaming 24/7 in 1999, continuing into 2001. "We Live In Public" was a 24/7 Internet conceptual art experiment created by Josh Harris in December 1999. With a format similar to TV's Big Brother
Big Brother (TV series)
Big Brother is a television show in which a group of people live together in a large house, isolated from the outside world but continuously watched by television cameras. Each series lasts for around three months, and there are usually fewer than 15 participants. The housemates try to win a cash...
, Harris placed tapped telephones, microphones and 32 robotic cameras in the home he shared with his girlfriend, Tanya Corrin. Viewers talked to Harris and Corrin in the site's chatroom. Others on camera included New York artists Alex Arcadia and Alfredo Martinez, as well as =JUDGECAL= and Shannon from pseudo.com fame. Harris launched the online live video platform, Operator 11.
Zac Adams' CollegeBoysLive (1998-present) became the first live reality site featuring a group of unrelated gay guys living in a house together. Collegeboyslive chose random people to live in the house and have their lives broadcast 24/7.
DotComGuy
Dotcomguy
DotComGuy was the name of a former computing systems manager who legally changed his name to DotComGuy from Mitch Maddox in 2000. His project was to live for one year without leaving his house in Dallas, Texas, ordering all food and necessities off the Internet and having them delivered...
arrived in 2000, and the following year, the Seeing-Eye-People Project combined live streaming with social networking to assist the visually challenged. After Joi Ito
Joi Ito
is a Japanese activist, entrepreneur, venture capitalist and Director of the MIT Media Lab.Ito has received recognition for his role as an entrepreneur focused on Internet and technology companies and has founded, among other companies, PSINet Japan, Digital Garage and Infoseek Japan. He maintains...
's Moblog (2002), web publishing from a mobile device, came Gordon Bell
Gordon Bell
C. Gordon Bell is an American computer engineer and manager. An early employee of Digital Equipment Corporation 1960–1966, Bell designed several of their PDP machines and later became Vice President of Engineering 1972-1983, overseeing the development of the VAX...
's MyLifeBits
MyLifeBits
MyLifeBits is a Microsoft Research project. It was inspired by Vannevar Bush's hypothetical Memex computer system. The project includes full-text search, text and audio annotations, and hyperlinks. The "experimental subject" of the project is computer scientist Gordon Bell, and the project will...
(2004), an experiment in digital storage of a person's lifetime, including full-text search, text/audio annotations and hyperlinks. Social networking took a quantum leap in 2006 with live webcam feeds on Stickam
Stickam
Stickam is a website devoted to live-streaming video, featuring both professional and user-generated content. The site launched in 2005. Stickam features user-submitted pictures, audio, video, and most prominently, live streaming video chat...
.
Over decades, Rick Kirkham
Rick Kirkham
Rick Kirkham was a reporter for Inside Edition who appeared on a segment called "Inside Adventure". From the age of 14, he filmed more than 3,000 hours of a video diary; this included footage during his tenure on Inside Edition during which he was addicted to crack cocaine.He appeared on The Oprah...
shot more than 3000 hours of his video diaries, documenting his own descent from nationally syndicated broadcast journalist (Inside Edition) to the drug and alcohol abuse that destroyed his career and family life. His footage was edited into the documentary TV Junkie (2006). OurPrisoner
OurPrisoner
OurPrisoner was a 2006 Internet reality television show that featured 35-year-old man Kieran Vogel, who lived on camera for 24 hours a day, seven days a week, for an entirety of six months in a single family New Jersey home....
was a 2006 internet "reality show" which featured a man living on camera for 6 months who had to follow viewer directions to win prizes.
In 2004 Arin Crumley and Susan Buice met online and began a relationship. They decided to forgo verbal communication during the initial courtship and instead spoke to each other via written notes, sketches, video clips and myspace. They went on to create an autobiographical film about it called Four Eyed Monsters
Four Eyed Monsters
Four Eyed Monsters is a 2005 film by Susan Buice and Arin Crumley. It roughly follows Buice and Crumley's real life relationship; the couple initially communicated only through artistic means because Arin was too shy to introduce himself to Susan...
. It was part documentary, part narrative with a few scripted elements added. They went on to produce 13 podcasts about the making of the film in order to promote it.
Justin Kan
In San Francisco, in early 2007, Justin Kan founded Justin.tvJustin.tv
Justin.tv is a website created by Justin Kan, Emmett Shear, Michael Seibel and Kyle Vogt in 2007 that allows anyone to broadcast video online. Justin.tv user accounts are called "channels", and users are encouraged to broadcast a wide variety of user-generated live video content, called...
, a platform for live video streaming online. Wearing a webcam attached to a cap, Kan began streaming continuous live video and audio, beginning at midnight March 19, 2007, and he named this procedure "lifecasting," apparently unaware of the accepted use of that term for a sculpting process
Lifecasting
Lifecasting is the process of creating a three-dimensional copy of a living human body, through the use of molding and casting techniques. In rare cases lifecasting is also practiced on living animals....
. Kan announced that he would wear his camera "24 hours a day, seven days a week." The novelty of Kan's concept attracted media attention, and resulting interviews with him included one by Ann Curry
Ann Curry
Ann Curry is an American television news journalist and co-anchor on NBC's morning television program Today. She is the former news anchor on Today, a role she began in March 1997, and was the host of Dateline NBC from 2005-2011.Curry is a Board Member at the IWMF .-Biography:Curry was born in...
on the Today Show. Viewers accompanied Kan as he walked the streets of San Francisco, sometimes involved in both pre-planned events (trapeze lesson, dance lesson) and also spontaneous situations (being invited into the local Scientology Center
Scientology
Scientology is a body of beliefs and related practices created by science fiction and fantasy author L. Ron Hubbard , starting in 1952, as a successor to his earlier self-help system, Dianetics...
by a sidewalk recruiter). What viewers witnessed was all from Kan's subjective POV as seen from his 24/7 portable live video streaming system developed by Kyle Vogt, one of the four founders of Justin.tv. Vogt recalled:
I moved to San Francisco so I could be closer to the rest of the team. I mean really close. The four of us lived and worked out of a small two-bedroom apartment. I spent my time becoming an expert in Linux socket programming, cellphone data networks and realtime data protocols. Four data modems in close proximity just don't work well together, so packet loss was as high as 50%. I fought with these modems for weeks but finally managed to wrestle them into a single 1.2 Mbit/s video uplink. The new camera emerged from the pile of Radio Shack parts, computer guts and hacked-up cellphones that had accumulated on my messy desk. It uses thousands of lines of Python code, a custom real-time protocol, connection load balancing and several other funky hacks.
Vogt's mobile broadcasting hardware consisted of a proprietary Linux-based computer in a box, four Evolution-Data Optimized
Evolution-Data Optimized
Evolution-Data Optimized or Evolution-Data only is a telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals, typically for broadband Internet access...
(EVDO) USB networking adapters, a commercially produced analog to MPEG-4
MPEG-4
MPEG-4 is a method of defining compression of audio and visual digital data. It was introduced in late 1998 and designated a standard for a group of audio and video coding formats and related technology agreed upon by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group under the formal standard ISO/IEC...
video encoder and a large Lithium-Ion battery with eight hours of running time. The setup currently used is one wireless EVDO networking card and a wearable computer
Wearable computer
Wearable computers are miniature electronic devices that are worn by the bearer under, with or on top of clothing. This class of wearable technology has been developed for general or special purpose information technologies and media development...
(laptop in a backpack) the video is streamed at ten frames per second from Kan's location using a commercial off-the-shelf product from On2. The computer takes an encoded video stream from the camera and sends it to the main website.
Justin.tv expansion
On May 29, 2007, Justin.tv introduced a second 24/7 feed, hosted by designer Justine EzarikJustine Ezarik
Justine Ezarik , is an American viral video comedian, and Internet personality. She is best known as iJustine, a lifecaster who communicates directly with her thousands of viewers on her Justin.tv channel, ijustine.tv. She has made more than 400 videos, including videos on such subjects as Lost and...
(aka iJustine) in Pittsburgh. Ezarik took a different approach, often aiming the camera at herself instead of just showing what she was seeing. Attending various tech and media events or working on her design and video projects, she also spent much more time than Kan in communicating directly to her audience.
Kan's cryptic references to "the big rollout" became clear in the summer of 2007 when Justin.tv became a springboard for more than 60 different channels as it made its technology available to a continual flow of applicants. This included a wide variety of participants, from a Christian family and radio stations to college students, graphic designers and a Subaru repair shop. By August 2007, channels were being added at an average rate of two a day.
In September 2007, Justin.tv added a visual Directory at the top of the screen that worked in a manner similar to iTunes' Cover Flow. In that Directory one can scroll horizontally past each lifecaster and tell from the audio/video whether he or she is broadcasting, has walked away from the camera or has shut down. On September 30, 2007, reviews of channels and lifecasters began appearing on various Justin TV-related gossip blogs.
By the fall of 2007, Justin.tv had expanded to nearly 700 channels, generating 1,650 hours of daily programming, but frequent regulars stay in the forefront because hundreds of other lifecasters are on infrequently or rarely. Past regulars have included Australian shark hunter AussieBloke, 24/7 LifeCaster E-TARD, 18-year-old Meagan of I'm a Plastic Princess, culinary expert Justopia, San Francisco promotional model Krystyl Baldwin, 22-year-old "Roxie" in San Luis Obispo, "everyday housewife" Silver Lining, Jane, a 21-year-old musically inclined Texan. and Florida radio personality Whitney Laney.
On October 2, 2007, Justin.tv became an open network, enabling anyone to register and broadcast his or her life. By October 13, Justin.tv had signed 3200 broadcasting accounts. Sites such as Justin.tv and Ustream.tv make it possible for anyone with a computer, a webcam, a microphone and an Internet connection to lifecast to a global audience. Some angle their camera to show themselves sitting at a computer, and they may or may not choose to communicate with viewers. either by speaking or typing in a chat area. Some leave their cameras on while they sleep. In some situations, a camera might show an empty room as the lifecaster walks around the house doing chores, totally ignoring the viewers.
As the beta testing of Justin.tv shifted to a full launch, Randall Stross examined the business aspects in The New York Times (October 14, 2007):
This month, after seven months of beta-phase broadcasting, Justin.tv formally declared that it was open for business to one and all. In its first five days, the company said, it created 18,500 hours of video and pulled in 500,000 unique visitors. What those statistics do not show is how long anyone stuck around. In a sampling I did last week during a weekday, only 44 viewers, on average, could be found at each of the eight most heavily visited channels.
Far horizons: Lisa Batey, Sarah Austin, Dylan Reichstadt and Justin Shattuck
Some lifecasters, such as newscaster-vocalist Janelle Stewart, use the technology to stage performances at a regular scheduled time, interview the live audience and plan a US and world tour around justin.tv viewers location. Lisa BateyLisa Batey
Lisa Emily Batey is a lifecaster who has streamed live from Brooklyn, Tokyo and other locations as Nekomimi Lisa on Justin.tv and Ustream.tv. She is noted both for her pioneering innovations in this field and for her extended interactions with viewers at both interior and exterior locations...
, however, broadcast her entire life, talking constantly to viewers and informing them of her every decision in her Brooklyn
Brooklyn
Brooklyn is the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, with nearly 2.6 million residents, and the second-largest in area. Since 1896, Brooklyn has had the same boundaries as Kings County, which is now the most populous county in New York State and the second-most densely populated...
apartment. Batey supplements her 24/7 streaming with entries she posts in her LiveJournal
LiveJournal
LiveJournal is a virtual community where Internet users can keep a blog, journal or diary. LiveJournal is also the name of the free and open source server software that was designed to run the LiveJournal virtual community....
, not unlike the diary entries written by JenniCam. In August 2007, Batey did extensive technical research so that she could continue to broadcast without interruptions or equipment problems while she vacationed in Tokyo
Tokyo
, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...
and Kyoto
Kyoto
is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area.-History:...
during September 2007. The following year, she moved to Tokyo and continued to lifecast from there. A pioneer in the field, Batey has been lifecasting since 1999 when she was 20 years old.
Sarah Austin began her media career as a tech news producer and DJ for three years at UC Berkeley’s radio station, KALX 90.7 FM, moving into video with her d7tv.com series Party Crashers which displayed her exploits crashing Silicon Valley parties. She started lifecasting in San Francisco during the spring of 2007, and when she moved to New York in August 2007 she continued to lifecast. As a video journalist, she began attending a variety of events, including the Halo 3 launch, the Ground Zero Memorial service, New York Fashion Week and Comic Book Club meetings. She sometimes would chat with her viewers while having breakfast, and more often, left the camera on as she studied her college textbooks. She amplified her video journalism with reports in the Sarah Meyers blog. In November 2007 she began tests of her 2008 Pop17 show, an Internet series of tech news, cyber commentary, interviews and unusual video clips.
Dylan Reichstadt, a teenager from Minnesota, started broadcasting his life in 2007. Reichstadt was featured on KARE 11 television in December 2008. He uses justin.tv
Justin.tv
Justin.tv is a website created by Justin Kan, Emmett Shear, Michael Seibel and Kyle Vogt in 2007 that allows anyone to broadcast video online. Justin.tv user accounts are called "channels", and users are encouraged to broadcast a wide variety of user-generated live video content, called...
founded by Justin Kan and broadcasts by using his laptop, an EVDO card, his camera, and his hat for the Hat Cam.. He has multiple sponsors that help pay for costs associated to broadcasting including: Boston musician Nick Consone and Wirecast
Wirecast
Wirecast from Telestream is a live video streaming production tool that allows Mac and Windows users to create live or on-demand broadcasts for the web....
. As of today, Reichstadt has over 5,500 fans and the views on his broadcasting page are over 2 million.
Justin Shattuck took lifecasting to a new level in July 2007 by using a GPS unit
Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System is a space-based global navigation satellite system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites...
. He picked up real estate entrepreneur, Mark Timms in Charleston, South Carolina and attempted to travel to the 48 continental states in seven days. The GPS unit made it possible for viewers to follow their exact location as a moving dot on a map. The 48/7 trip ended with exhausted Shattuck with a late night confession from a Brooklyn
Brooklyn
Brooklyn is the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, with nearly 2.6 million residents, and the second-largest in area. Since 1896, Brooklyn has had the same boundaries as Kings County, which is now the most populous county in New York State and the second-most densely populated...
rooftop. Shattuck gave people rides to wherever they wanted to go, no matter how distant the destination.
Pivoting pictures: The mobile music of Jody Gnant
Others lifecasters, such as singer-songwriter Jody Marie GnantJody Marie Gnant
Jody Marie Gnant is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. Born April 16, 1978 in Hartland, Wisconsin, she grew up in Scottsdale, Arizona...
, have used the new media for promotional purposes, gaining both viewers and press coverage as she began video streaming her life seven days a week on Ustream.tv. This lifecasting strategy boosted sales with preorders for her album Pivot:
Less than a week after starting her broadcast, she had the #3 video on MySpace with 186,000 views. Her music is also being showcased as part of ScreenVison's pre-show entertainment in 4,000 movie theaters nationwide... "It's an exciting combination of interactive and non-interactive media," says Gnant. "People can choose to tune in and just watch the events of my life unfold, or they can log on and have an immediate effect on my career."
Camstreams
Patrick Cornwell is the owner and manager of Camstreams, a streaming service located in Sheffield, England. It features such channels as the Online Piano Bar and Trucking with Ken. Cornwell recalled how his fascination with webcams led him to develop and launch Camstreams:- Webcams fascinated me from the moment I read about them in a Sunday newspaper in the summer of 1997. It was an article about JenniCam - a website by a woman called Jennifer Ringley who chose to show her life to the world, warts 'n' all. She had inadvertently created the first "Reality" show - it was definitely the start of an era.
- I spent my student years with the camera turned on me, maintaining a Big Brother-style website (way before Big Brother, the TV show, began!) with six live webcams in our student house. My housemates and I were sucked into the media frenzy and were even the subject of a documentary on the BBC for precisely 15 minutes. With Camstreams, I want to give people a chance to get their 15 minutes... Camstreams allows you to put yourself in the frame with our completely free video and audio webcam streaming service. We love playing with webcam technology and wanted to start something new and easy for people to use.
Other labels for lifecasting and related have occasionally surfaced, including cyborglog, glog, lifeblog, lifeglob, LifeLog
LifeLog
LifeLog was a project of the Information Processing Technology Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyAccording to its bid solicitation pamphlet, it was to be "an ontology-based system that captures, stores, and makes accessible the flow of one person's experience in and...
, lifestreaming, livecasting and wearcam. However, during the summer of 2007, Kan's term, lifecasting, escalated into general usage and became the accepted label of the movement.
Qik
In 2008, a mobile live video streaming software called QikQik
Qik is a mobile live video streaming and two-way video conferencing application that allows users to stream live video from their cell phones to the internet. Qik enables users to record and upload video directly from supported cell phones...
was launched. It gained popularity among lifecasters with famous people like Ashton Kucher and Kevin Rose
Kevin Rose
Kevin Rose is an American Internet entrepreneur who co-founded Revision3, Digg, Pownce, and Milk...
being frequent users of the software. Also in 2008 lifecasting found its way into Social Networking at Next2Friends with their introduction of live streamed video from mobile.
See also
- blogtvBlogTVblogTV is an online video service. blogTV began in June 2004, in Israel, and was a pioneer in the webcasting industry. Its goals were to supply anyone and everyone, with internet access, a way to express their talents & ideas to the world and to socially network with people face to face. In 2006...
- Big Brother (TV)
- EveryScapeEveryScapeEveryScape is an online mapping service that allows its users to view panoramic images from various locations. The site currently has images of 47 cities and towns:...
- Fly on the WallFly on the wallFly on the wall is a style of documentary-making used in filmmaking and television production. The name derived from the idea that events are seen candidly, as a fly on a wall might see them...
- Hasan M. ElahiHasan M. ElahiHasan M. Elahi is an interdisciplinary media artist with an emphasis on technology and media and their social implications. His research interests include issues of surveillance, sousveillance, simulated time, transport systems, and borders and frontiers.Mr...
- The Invention of MorelThe Invention of MorelLa invención de Morel — translated as The Invention of Morel or Morel's Invention — is a science fiction novel by Adolfo Bioy Casares. It was Bioy Casares' breakthrough effort, for which he won the 1941 First Municipal Prize for Literature of the City of Buenos Aires...
- Justin.tvJustin.tvJustin.tv is a website created by Justin Kan, Emmett Shear, Michael Seibel and Kyle Vogt in 2007 that allows anyone to broadcast video online. Justin.tv user accounts are called "channels", and users are encouraged to broadcast a wide variety of user-generated live video content, called...
- Social network serviceSocial network serviceA social networking service is an online service, platform, or site that focuses on building and reflecting of social networks or social relations among people, who, for example, share interests and/or activities. A social network service consists of a representation of each user , his/her social...
- Sophie CalleSophie CalleSophie Calle is a French writer, photographer, installation artist, and conceptual artist. Calle's work is distinguished by its use of arbitrary sets of constraints, and evokes the French literary movement of the 1960s known as Oulipo. Her work frequently depicts human vulnerability, and examines...
- SousveillanceSousveillanceSousveillance refers to the recording of an activity by a participant in the activity typically by way of small wearable or portable personal technologies.Sousveillance has also been described as "inverse surveillance", i.e...
- StickamStickamStickam is a website devoted to live-streaming video, featuring both professional and user-generated content. The site launched in 2005. Stickam features user-submitted pictures, audio, video, and most prominently, live streaming video chat...
- TinychatTinychatTinychat is an internet chat service that allows users to communicate via instant messaging, voice and video chat. It offers thousands of chat rooms and the ability for users to create their own virtual chat room on any topic or category. Tinychat is a web based system that works on Linux, Windows...
- Tom Green LiveTom Green LiveTom Green's House Tonight is an Internet-based talk show hosted by Tom Green. In addition to its primary broadcast on TomGreen.com, the show was syndicated on television stations throughout North America...
- Ustream.tv
- If I Can DreamIf I Can Dream (series)-Format:The show followed performers who moved into a house in Hollywood, California. The house was wired with 56 AXIS cameras and the footage was broadcast live on the show's website...