Köse Mihal
Encyclopedia
Köse Mihal accompanied Osman al-Ghazi in his ascent to power as an Emir
and founder of the Ottoman Empire
. He is considered to be the first significant Byzantine renegade
and convert to Islam to enter Ottoman service.
He was also known as 'Ghazi Mihal
and 'Abdullah Mihal Gazi
of Chirmenkia (Harmankaya,today Harmanköy) and of Greek origins; his original name was "Michael Cosses". .
The Byzantine Castle named Harmankaya is in the foothills of the Uludağ
Mountains in Bilecik
Turkey
The
It is also called Belekoma Castle.
He also gained control of Lefke, Meceke and Akhisar.
Even before his conversion to Islam, he had an amicable relationship with "The Friend of the Faithful" Osman Ghazi. He participated as an ally of Osman and his people in war, supported him as leader of and intermediary for the local Greek population, and acted as a consultant and diplomatic agent. The sources concerning the cause of his change of faith are contradictory. Firstly, that he was influenced for the sake of his friendship with Osman Ghazi, or secondly, because he had a significant dream which convinced him to become a Muslim. The time frame for his conversion are the years between 1304 and 1313.. As a Muslim he was known as Köse Mihal 'Abd Allah (Abdullah). Franz Babinger:Mikhalik-OGHLU. In E. J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam. Leiden 1913 - 1936, S.493-495
Up to the conquest of Bursa in 1326 Köse Mihal played an important role as a diplomatic advisor and envoy of Ghazi Orhan, the son and successor of Osman Ghazi. Köse Mihal was the first important Christian renegade, and played a significant role in the creation of the Ottoman state. Nicolae Jorga:The history of the Ottoman Empire,presented by source, unchanged reissue, Primus Verlag Darmstadt 1997, Vol 2, p. 204 Köse Mihal's descendants, known as the Mihaloğlu were famous; particularly in the 15th and 16 Centuries. They were politically and militarily successful Ottoman dignitaries and military leaders in Rumelia
. However, they did not reach the very highest public offices.
After the taking of Bursa Köse Mihal is no longer mentioned in the sources. Kreutel notes that Köse Mihal died around 1340.
According to some historians Köse Mihal was buried at Türbe
, Edirne
(Adrianople), in a mosque he himself built. 'Babinger E. J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam' to. According to this tradition Köse Mihal lived until after the conquest of Edirne by Murad I
in the year 1361, and thus lived to a very great age indeed. However, Babinger made a mistake. He confused Köse Mihal with Ghazi Mihal Bey, a grandson of Köse Mihal, whose Mosque complex
with Imaret
(destroyed) and Hamam
(in ruins) is in Edirne and was completed in 1422. In the adjoining cemetery is the tomb of the founder of Türbe, Ghazi Mihal Bey.
Emir
Emir , meaning "commander", "general", or "prince"; also transliterated as Amir, Aamir or Ameer) is a title of high office, used throughout the Muslim world...
and founder of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
. He is considered to be the first significant Byzantine renegade
Turncoat
A turncoat is a person who shifts allegiance from one loyalty or ideal to another, betraying or deserting an original cause by switching to the opposing side or party...
and convert to Islam to enter Ottoman service.
He was also known as 'Ghazi Mihal
and 'Abdullah Mihal Gazi
Life
According to the historians Köse Mihal was the Byzantine governorGovernor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
of Chirmenkia (Harmankaya,today Harmanköy) and of Greek origins; his original name was "Michael Cosses". .
The Byzantine Castle named Harmankaya is in the foothills of the Uludağ
Uludag
Uludağ , the ancient Mysian Olympus, is a mountain in Bursa Province, Turkey, with an altitude of . It is a popular center for winter sports such as skiing, and a national park of rich flora and fauna...
Mountains in Bilecik
Bilecik
-External links:* http://www.eksisozluk.com/show.asp?t=bilecik%20diye%20bir%20yerin%20asl%C4%B1nda%20olmamas%C4%B1%20 Bilecik Conspiracy* http://www.bilecikaktuel.com* * http://www.voyagerbook.com/eng/iller/11/11.asp*...
Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
The
It is also called Belekoma Castle.
He also gained control of Lefke, Meceke and Akhisar.
Even before his conversion to Islam, he had an amicable relationship with "The Friend of the Faithful" Osman Ghazi. He participated as an ally of Osman and his people in war, supported him as leader of and intermediary for the local Greek population, and acted as a consultant and diplomatic agent. The sources concerning the cause of his change of faith are contradictory. Firstly, that he was influenced for the sake of his friendship with Osman Ghazi, or secondly, because he had a significant dream which convinced him to become a Muslim. The time frame for his conversion are the years between 1304 and 1313.. As a Muslim he was known as Köse Mihal 'Abd Allah (Abdullah). Franz Babinger:Mikhalik-OGHLU. In E. J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam. Leiden 1913 - 1936, S.493-495
Up to the conquest of Bursa in 1326 Köse Mihal played an important role as a diplomatic advisor and envoy of Ghazi Orhan, the son and successor of Osman Ghazi. Köse Mihal was the first important Christian renegade, and played a significant role in the creation of the Ottoman state. Nicolae Jorga:The history of the Ottoman Empire,presented by source, unchanged reissue, Primus Verlag Darmstadt 1997, Vol 2, p. 204 Köse Mihal's descendants, known as the Mihaloğlu were famous; particularly in the 15th and 16 Centuries. They were politically and militarily successful Ottoman dignitaries and military leaders in Rumelia
Rumelia
Rumelia was an historical region comprising the territories of the Ottoman Empire in Europe...
. However, they did not reach the very highest public offices.
After the taking of Bursa Köse Mihal is no longer mentioned in the sources. Kreutel notes that Köse Mihal died around 1340.
According to some historians Köse Mihal was buried at Türbe
Turbe
Türbe is the Turkish word for "tomb", and for the characteristic mausoleums, often relatively small, of Ottoman royalty and notables. It is related to the Arabic turba, which can also mean a mausoleum, but more often a funerary complex, or a plot in a cemetery.-Characteristics:A typical türbe...
, Edirne
Edirne
Edirne is a city in Eastern Thrace, the northwestern part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. Edirne served as the capital city of the Ottoman Empire from 1365 to 1453, before Constantinople became the empire's new capital. At present, Edirne is the capital of the Edirne...
(Adrianople), in a mosque he himself built. 'Babinger E. J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam' to. According to this tradition Köse Mihal lived until after the conquest of Edirne by Murad I
Murad I
Murad I was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1361 to 1389...
in the year 1361, and thus lived to a very great age indeed. However, Babinger made a mistake. He confused Köse Mihal with Ghazi Mihal Bey, a grandson of Köse Mihal, whose Mosque complex
Külliye
Külliye, deriving from the Arabic word "kull" is a term which designates a complex of buildings, centered around a mosque and managed within a single institution, often based on a vakıf , and composed of a medrese, a darüşşifa, kitchens, bakery, hammam, other buildings for various benevolent...
with Imaret
Imaret
An imaret is one of a few names used to identify the Ottoman soup kitchens built throughout the Ottoman Empire from the 14th into the 19th century. These public kitchens were often part of a larger complex known as a Waqf, which could include hospices, mosques, caravanserais and colleges...
(destroyed) and Hamam
Hammam
A Turkish bath is the Turkish variant of a steam bath, sauna or Russian Bath, distinguished by a focus on water, as distinct from ambient steam....
(in ruins) is in Edirne and was completed in 1422. In the adjoining cemetery is the tomb of the founder of Türbe, Ghazi Mihal Bey.
Literature
- Dervish Ahmet-i 'Aşıki (called' Aşık Paşa, son): tevarihMenakıb u-i 'Al-i' Osman(Denkwürdigkeiten and times of the House of Osman). In Kreutel Richard Franz (Hrsg. / Editor):From Sheperd's Tent to Sublime Porte. Ottoman historian Vol 3, Graz 1959
- Joseph Hammer Purgstall:History of the Ottoman Empire. Bd.1, Pest 1827
- Nicolae Jorga:The history of the Ottoman Empire,according to sources presented verbatim reissue, Primus Verlag Darmstadt 1997
- John Leunclavius:Annales Svltanorvm Othmanidarvm, A Tvrcis Sva Lingva ScriptiFrankfurt a. M. 1588/1596, German:neuw Chronica Türckischer nation of self-described Türcke ... Frankfurt a. M. 1590
- Majoros Ferenc u. Bernd Rill:The Ottoman Empire 1300-1922, Wiesbaden 2004
- Mihaloğlu Mehmet Paşa Nüzhet: 'Ahval al-i-i Gazi Mihal ". 1897 (Ottoman)
- Mehmet Neşrî:Kitab-i Cihan-Nümâ. Partially edited and translated inJournal of the German Oriental Society. 13. Volume 1859
External links
- [The http://www.harmankaya.net Akinci family Mihaloğlu]