Kyustendil dialect
Encyclopedia
The Kyustendil dialect is a Bulgarian
dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects
, which is spoken in the region of Kyustendil
in central western Bulgaria. It borders on the Transitional dialects
to the north, the Dupnitsa dialect
to the east and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect to the south. It is closely related to the Dupnitsa dialect.
For other phonological and morphological characteristics typical for all Southwestern dialects, cf. Southwestern Bulgarian dialects
.
Bulgarian language
Bulgarian is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group.Bulgarian, along with the closely related Macedonian language, demonstrates several linguistic characteristics that set it apart from all other Slavic languages such as the elimination of case declension, the...
dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects
Southwestern Bulgarian dialects
The Southwestern Bulgarian dialects are a group of Bulgarian dialects which are located west of the yat boundary and are part of the Western Bulgarian dialects. The range of the Southwestern dialects on the territory of Bulgaria includes most of west central and southwestern Bulgaria...
, which is spoken in the region of Kyustendil
Kyustendil
Kyustendil is a town in the far west of Bulgaria, the capital of Kyustendil Province, with a population of 44 416 . Kyustendil is situated in the southern part of the Kyustendil Valley, 90 km southwest of Sofia...
in central western Bulgaria. It borders on the Transitional dialects
Transitional Bulgarian dialects
The Transitional Bulgarian dialects are a group of Bulgarian dialects, which are located west of the yat boundary and are part of the Western Bulgarian dialects. On Bulgarian territory, the Transitional dialects occupy a narrow strip of land along the Bulgarian border with Serbia, including the...
to the north, the Dupnitsa dialect
Dupnitsa dialect
The Dupnitsa dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects, which is spoken in the region of Dupnitsa in central western Bulgaria...
to the east and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect to the south. It is closely related to the Dupnitsa dialect.
Phonological and morphological characteristics
- щ/жд (ʃt~ʒd) for Proto-Slavic *tʲ~*dʲ (as in Standard Bulgarian) - леща, между (lentils, between). The future tense particle, however, is че: че че'темe vs. Standard Bulgarian ще четем (we will read)
- Vowel a for Old Bulgarian (yus): маж vs. formal Bulgarian мъж (man). Limited number of u reflexes of yus (as in the SamokovSamokov dialectThe Samokov dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects, which is spoken in the region of Samokov in central western Bulgaria...
and the Dupnitsa dialectDupnitsa dialectThe Dupnitsa dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects, which is spoken in the region of Dupnitsa in central western Bulgaria...
): пупка vs. Standard Bulgarian пъпка (pimple) - Vowel o for Old Bulgarian ъ in suffixes and prefixes and most roots and a limited number of a reflexes in certain roots: сос него vs. Standard Bulgarian със него (with him), бочва vs. Standard Bulgarian бъчва (cask) but вашка vs. Standard Bulgarian въшка (louse)
- Vocalic r for Old Bulgarian ръ/рь instead of the combination ръ/ър (rə~ər) in Standard Bulgarian - дрво instead of дърво (tree).
- The reflex of Old Bulgarian лъ/ль is:
- Before non-labial consonant - schwa (ə): съза vs. formal Bulgarian сълза
- Before labial consonant - u: вуна vs. formal Bulgarian вълна (wool)
- Verb ending -м in verbs of the first and second conjugation: чет'ем vs. formal Bulgarian чет'ъ (I read)
- Adverbial participal on -ечки (vs. -ейки/айки in Standard Bulgarian): играечки vs. formal Bulgarian играейки (while playing)
- Еnding йe instead of formal Bulgarian и for multi-syllable masculine nouns (галабйе instead of гълъби)
- Dynamic stress
For other phonological and morphological characteristics typical for all Southwestern dialects, cf. Southwestern Bulgarian dialects
Southwestern Bulgarian dialects
The Southwestern Bulgarian dialects are a group of Bulgarian dialects which are located west of the yat boundary and are part of the Western Bulgarian dialects. The range of the Southwestern dialects on the territory of Bulgaria includes most of west central and southwestern Bulgaria...
.