Korail Class 5000
Encyclopedia
Korail Class 311000 is commuter electric multiple unit
in South Korea
for using in Seoul Subway Line 1
. Class 311000 trains entered service between 1996 and 2006, and were introduced in 1996 for use in 6-track sections of the Gyeongbu Line
, the newly created 4-track Gyeongin Line
, and for replacing old Class 1000
trains. There are based on Class 2030 trains (which have since been renumbered into Class 341000 and Class 351000 trains).
GTO
-based VVVF controls and trainsets 31160 to 31192 use IGBT instead of GTO. GTO thyristor based cars use active cooling, and trains equipped with IGBT use passive cooling with heat pipe
.
Power output was increased from its predecessor, the Class 1000 trains, and there is a reduction in the motor/trailer ratio. They are equipped with regenerative brake
s, reducing energy consumption and simplifying train inspection.
devices. For rapid trains, stop notifiers are installed. Trains equipped with TGIS use color displays, and from 2005 refurbishment, service machines can be automatically controlled in TGIS. Dead section notifiers are also installed. From 2006, the door control system was changed from mechanical to electrical type.
3111XX - M(inverter)
3112XX - M'(pantograph, transformer, inverter)
3113XX - T(trailer)
3114XX - M'(pantograph, transformer, inverter)
3115XX - T1(SIV, air compressor, battery)
3116XX - T(trailer)
3117XX - M(inverter)
3118XX - M'(pantograph, transformer, inverter)
3119XX - Tc(SIV, air compressor, battery)
-like headlights, this generation is nicknamed "뱀눈이" (roughly translated as "snake eyes"). The interior was upgraded and the door controller was changed. The third generation trains are numbered from 31166~31182.
, double-track electrification of the Jungang Line
, and the retirement of the last 1st batch Class 1000 trains, as well as several 2nd batch Class 1000 trains. These trains were originally meant to be built in the Uiwang factory, but the factory was later closed due to loss.
.
, trains introduced after 2003 used non-flammable interiors. Previously introduced bathes received interior refurbishments until 2005. During refurbishment, the front and side destination signs were changed from roll-film to LED.
Electric multiple unit
An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages, using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages...
in South Korea
South Korea
The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...
for using in Seoul Subway Line 1
Seoul Subway Line 1
Seoul Subway Line 1 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, formerly known as the Korea National Railroad of Seoul, is an operation channel which links central Seoul, South Korea to Soyosan Station in the northeast, Incheon in the southwest, and Asan via Suwon in the south. This line covers a large part...
. Class 311000 trains entered service between 1996 and 2006, and were introduced in 1996 for use in 6-track sections of the Gyeongbu Line
Gyeongbu Line
The Gyeongbu Line is the most important railway line in South Korea and one of the oldest. It was constructed by Japan in 1905, connecting Seoul to Suwon, Daejeon, Daegu, and Busan. The Gyeongbu Line is by far the most heavily travelled rail line in South Korea...
, the newly created 4-track Gyeongin Line
Gyeongin Line
The Gyeongin Line is a railway mainline in South Korea, currently connecting Guro Station in Seoul and Incheon. Passenger transport along the line is integrated into Seoul Subway Line 1.-History:...
, and for replacing old Class 1000
Korail Class 1000
Korail Class 1000 is commuter electric multiple unit in South Korea for using in Seoul Subway Line 1. Class 1000 trains entered service between 1974 and 1996.- Technical details :...
trains. There are based on Class 2030 trains (which have since been renumbered into Class 341000 and Class 351000 trains).
Electrical parts
Trainsets 31101 to 31159 use ToshibaToshiba
is a multinational electronics and electrical equipment corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is a diversified manufacturer and marketer of electrical products, spanning information & communications equipment and systems, Internet-based solutions and services, electronic components and...
GTO
Gate turn-off thyristor
A gate turn-off thyristor is a special type of thyristor, a high-power semiconductor device. GTOs, as opposed to normal thyristors, are fully controllable switches which can be turned on and off by their third lead, the GATE lead.-Device description:...
-based VVVF controls and trainsets 31160 to 31192 use IGBT instead of GTO. GTO thyristor based cars use active cooling, and trains equipped with IGBT use passive cooling with heat pipe
Heat pipe
A heat pipe or heat pin is a heat-transfer device that combines the principles of both thermal conductivity and phase transition to efficiently manage the transfer of heat between two solid interfaces....
.
Power output was increased from its predecessor, the Class 1000 trains, and there is a reduction in the motor/trailer ratio. They are equipped with regenerative brake
Regenerative brake
A regenerative brake is an energy recovery mechanism which slows a vehicle or object down by converting its kinetic energy into another form, which can be either used immediately or stored until needed...
s, reducing energy consumption and simplifying train inspection.
Interior design
Class 311000 trains used an ivory-colored interior with a long sheet prior to their refurbishment. LED monitors are installed on the top of the car, and air conditioning became more powerful than older trains. End cars have a space for wheelchairs.Cabin
Class 311000 trains share the same cabin design with Class 341000 and Class 351000 trains, excluding ATCAutomatic Train Control
Automatic Train Control is a train protection system for railways, ensuring the safe and smooth operation of trains on ATC-enabled lines. Its main advantages include making possible the use of cab signalling instead of track-side signals and the use of smooth deceleration patterns in lieu of the...
devices. For rapid trains, stop notifiers are installed. Trains equipped with TGIS use color displays, and from 2005 refurbishment, service machines can be automatically controlled in TGIS. Dead section notifiers are also installed. From 2006, the door control system was changed from mechanical to electrical type.
Fleet
- M' car: Pantograph, main transformer, controller, motor
- M car: Motor, cotroller
- Tc car: Secondary power device, air compressor, battery, cabin
- T' car: Tc car without cabin
- T car: trailer
Seoul Subway Line 1
3110XX - Tc(SIV, air compressor, battery)3111XX - M(inverter)
3112XX - M'(pantograph, transformer, inverter)
3113XX - T(trailer)
3114XX - M'(pantograph, transformer, inverter)
3115XX - T1(SIV, air compressor, battery)
3116XX - T(trailer)
3117XX - M(inverter)
3118XX - M'(pantograph, transformer, inverter)
3119XX - Tc(SIV, air compressor, battery)
Depot
Class 311000 trains are stored at the Guro, Byeongjeom and Imun train depots. Minor inspections are done at their home depots, while major inspections are done at the Siheung depot.- Guro, 10 car fleet: 31111~31147, 31166~31169
- Byeongjeom, 10 car fleet: 31148~31165, 31170~31180, 31181, 31182
- Imun, 10 car fleet: 31101~31110
1st generation
The first generation of Class 311000 trains are very identical to the first generation of Class 341000 and Class 351000 trains. They were built from 1996 to 1999. Initially this generation used old KNR livery, but after 2005 interior refurbishment the livery was changed into new Korail livery. The first generation trains are numbered 31101~31141.1st batch
Trainsets 31101~31127 are 1st batch trains and were built by Hyundai Precision & Industries and were introduced from 1996 to 1997. They used Toshiba VVVF inverter traction systems.2nd batch
Trainsets 31128~31141 are 2nd batch trains. They were built by Daewoo Heavy Industries and were introduced from 1998 to 1999. Starting from this batch, Class 311000 trains started to replace the 1st batch Class 1000 trains. This batch has space for wheelchairs. Trainset 31137 has Comonet's train broadcasting system, and some cars of trainsets 31139, 31140 and 31141 are former trailer cars from the 2nd and 3rd batch of Class 1000 trains.2nd generation
The second generation of Class 311000 trains are very identical to the second generation of Class 341000 and Class 351000 trains. The front view has changed in this generation, as well as the side window, which is coated. The new circular front view gave this generation the nickname: "동글이" (roughly translated as "this will be round"). Some trains in this generation used old KNR livery, but after 2005 interior refurbishment the livery was changed into new Korail livery. The second generation trains are numbered 31142~31165.3rd batch
Trainsets 31142~31147 are 3rd batch trains. This batch was introduced from 2002 due to extension of subway lines and the retirement of more 1st batch Class 1000 trains.4th batch
Trainsets 31148~31163. Trainsets 31160~31163 VVVF device was changed from active cooling GTO thyristor systems to passive cooling IGBT systems. Starting from this batch, some trains were delivered with the new Korail livery.5th batch
Trainsets 31164 & 31165 are 5th batch trains. This batch used inflammable interiors from the since they were delivered, and are the first batch to be delivered with LED-type destination and train number indicators. Bogies are a little bit smaller than previous batches.3rd generation
The third generation of the Class 311000 trains were delivered from 2005 to 2006. The front view has changed once again. Due to snakeSnake
Snakes are elongate, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes that can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and external ears. Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales...
-like headlights, this generation is nicknamed "뱀눈이" (roughly translated as "snake eyes"). The interior was upgraded and the door controller was changed. The third generation trains are numbered from 31166~31182.
6th batch
Trainsets 31166~31177 are 6th batch trains. These trains were introduced from 2005 due to extension of 4-track section of the Gyeongin LineGyeongin Line
The Gyeongin Line is a railway mainline in South Korea, currently connecting Guro Station in Seoul and Incheon. Passenger transport along the line is integrated into Seoul Subway Line 1.-History:...
, double-track electrification of the Jungang Line
Jungang Line
The Jungang Line is a railway line connecting Cheongnyangni in Seoul to Gyeongju in South Korea, traversing central South Korea from the northwest to the southeast.-History:...
, and the retirement of the last 1st batch Class 1000 trains, as well as several 2nd batch Class 1000 trains. These trains were originally meant to be built in the Uiwang factory, but the factory was later closed due to loss.
7th batch
Trainsets 31178~31182 are 7th batch trains. These train were introduced from 2006 following further electrification of Gyeongwon Line. The interior is changed slightly, including ventilation. It is capable of one-person operationOne person train operation
One-man operation , driver-only operation or one person operation is a method of train or bus operation in which the vehicle is operated by the motorman or driver alone without a conductor.-Japan:...
.
Refurbishment
Class 311000 trains started refurbishment in 2008 (though minor refurbishments were started in 2002). Major and minor refurbishments are listed below.New livery
Trains from the 1st to the 3rd batch, along with some 4th batch trains used old KNR green livery, and those from the 5th to the 7th batch used the current new blue and red livery. Trains using the old KNR green livery had their livery changed into the current blue and red livery in 2006. The new livery has a metaphor of Taegeuk, and was criticized as being too primitive-looking, and livery is applied only on front/door.Electric parts
- 2002: Stop indicator was installed. After 2005 interior refurbishment, TGIS was improved to integrate stop indicator.
- 2003: Comonet broadcasting system was introduced in trainset 311037.
- 2004: SIV traction systems were replaced with IGBT traction systems built by Woojin Industrial Systems.
- 2007: The inverter of car 311783 was changed temporarily.
- Part of trainset 31163 (311163, 311263 & 311563) used IGBT inverters, and other cars in these trainsets used GTO inverters. Later on, the GTO inverter cars had their inverters switched into IGBT inverters.
Non-flammable interiors
After the 2003 Daegu subway fireDaegu subway fire
The Daegu subway fire was a mass murder suicide attack on February 18, 2003 which killed at least 198 Koreans and injured at least 147. An arsonist set fire to a train stopped at the Jungangno Station of the Daegu Metropolitan Subway in Daegu, South Korea...
, trains introduced after 2003 used non-flammable interiors. Previously introduced bathes received interior refurbishments until 2005. During refurbishment, the front and side destination signs were changed from roll-film to LED.
Gangway refurbishment
From August 2008 some trainsets (31101~31138, 31148~31163, 31166~31182) received gangway refurbishments (similar refurbishments were also done in Class 341000 trains). Automatic doors were installed; older doors were manually operated, and passengers had to open both doors on each side. After refurbishment gangway doors could be automatically opened. As of 2011, many 1st generation trains have received gangway refurbishments, and gradually all trains will be refurbished and installed with automatic gangway doors.Renumbering
Starting from May 2011, Class 311000 trains were renumbered from the 5000-series to the 311000-series. Renumbering was finished in September 2011.Derived types
- The Class 319000 train is a 4-car train consisting of refurbished Class 311000 trains. 8 cars from trainset 31119, and all cars from 31179 and 31180 (20 cars) were cut and rearranged to form 7 4-car sets. Notable changes include automatic couplers and LCD indicators on-board.
- The Class 6000 train is also identical to 3rd generation Class 311000 trains, but it lacks DC 1500V functionality. Initially, Class 6000 trains consisted of 10 cars, but trains were shorted into 8 car sets in 2010 and then into 6 car sets in 2011. This resulted in an extra motor and trailer car, so they were refurbished as new trainsets. After refurbishment, all trainsets for Jungang Line (including trainsets 31185~31192) were renumbered into the 321000-series as Class 321000 trains, though some Class 351000 trains have started to appear on the Jungang Line from spare cars (due to the shortening of trains into 6 car sets).
See also
- KorailKorailKorea Railroad Corporation , promoted as Korail , is the national railroad operator in South Korea.Korail operates passenger and freight trains throughout South Korea...
- Seoul Subway Line 1Seoul Subway Line 1Seoul Subway Line 1 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, formerly known as the Korea National Railroad of Seoul, is an operation channel which links central Seoul, South Korea to Soyosan Station in the northeast, Incheon in the southwest, and Asan via Suwon in the south. This line covers a large part...