Kings of Axum - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Kings during the zenith of the Kingdom of Axum

The following based on S.C. Munro-Hay, Aksum (Edinburgh: University Press, 1991), pp. 67f

Dates of Tenure	Name	Notes
c. 100	Zoskales Zoskales Zoskales was a king in the Horn of Africa, whose realm is thought to include Axum.The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea mentions him as ruler of the port of Adulis, whose territory extended "from the Moschophagoi ['calf-eaters'] to the rest of Barbaria .....	possibly the "Za Haqala" from the King List
c. 200	GDRT GDRT GDRT was a king of the Kingdom of Aksum , known for being the first king to involve Axum in the affairs of what is now Yemen. He is known primarily from inscriptions in South Arabia that mention him and his son BYGT... (vocalized by historians as "Gadarat")	inscriptions mention his son BYGT (vocalized as "Beyga" or "Beygat")
c. 230 - c.240	`DBH `DBH `DBH [vocalized as `Azaba or `Adhebah] was a king of Axum, on the territory of modern-day Ethiopia, who ruled c. 230–240. He and his son GRMT are known through South Arabian inscriptions which mention Shamir, king of Dhu-Raydan and Himyar asking for his help against the Sabaean... (vocalized as "`Azaba" or "`Adhebah")	inscriptions mention his son GRMT GRMT GRMT was the son of the Ethiopian Aksumite King `DBH , described in South Arabian texts as the "son of the nagashi"... (vocalized as "Girma")
c. 250	Sembrouthes Sembrouthes Sembrouthes was a king of Axum. He is known only from a single inscription in Greek that was found at Deqemhare or Deqqi Mehari in modern Eritrea, which is dated to his 24th regnal year. He is the first known ruler in the lands later ruled by the Emperor of Ethiopia to adopt the title "King of...
c. 260	DTWNS DTWNS DTWNS was a king of Axum . He is mentioned with his son ZQRNS in an inscription from al-Mis`al in Yemen which Yasir Yuhan'im erected after defeating father and son.- Notes :... (vocalized as "Datawnas")	inscriptions mention his son ZQRNS (vocalized as "Zaqarnas")
c. 270 - c.300	Endubis Endubis Endubis was a king of Axum, a city in Ethiopia. He was among the earliest rulers of Aksum, and Africa for that matter, to mint coins. These coins were issued in gold and silver....
fl. early 4th century	Aphilas Aphilas Aphilas was a king of Axum. He is known from the coins he minted, which are characterized by a number of experiments in imagery on the obverse, and being issued in fractions of weight that none of his successors copied.G.W.B...
fl. early 4th century	Wazeba Wazeba of Axum Wazeba was a king of Axum in northeastern Africa. He is primarily known from the coins he minted during his reign. He was the first king to write the legends of his coins in Ge'ez, and the only king of Axum to use that language on his gold currency.S. C...
c. 320	Ousanas Ousanas Ousanas was a king of Axum. S. C. Munro-Hay believes that it is "very likely" that Ousanas is the king to whom Aedesius and Frumentius were brought; this king is called in Ethiopian tradition "Ella Allada" or Ella Amida. "Ella Amida" would then be his throne name, although "Ousanas" is the name...
c. 333 - c. 356	Ezana Ezana of Axum Ezana of Axum , was ruler of the Axumite Kingdom located in present-day Ethiopia, Eritrea, Yemen, he himself employed the style "king of Saba and Salhen, Himyar and Dhu-Raydan"...
c. 350	MHDYS MHDYS MHDYS was a king of Axum . He is primarily known through the coins minted during his reign.Mehadeyis restored Ge'ez as the language used on all his coins... (vocalized as "Mehadeyis")
fl. late 4th century	Ouazebas Ouazebas Ouazebas was a king of Axum. He is primarily known through the coins minted during his reign.His coins were found beneath the remains of the largest stela at the city of Axum, indicating that it had fallen as early as his reign. S. C...
c. 400	Eon Eon of Axum Eon was a king of Axum. He is primarily known through the coins minted during his reign, where his name is written in Greek as "Eon Bisi Anaaph"...	possibly the "Huina" from the Book of the Himyarites
fl. 5th century	Ebana Ebana Ezana was a king of Axum. He is primarily known from the coins minted during his reign....
fl. 5th century	Nezool Nezool Nezool was a king of Axum. He is primarily known from the coins minted during his reign, where his name also appears as Nezana....	also called "Nezana"
c. 500	Ousas Ousas Ousas or Ousana was a king of Axum. He is primarily known from the coins minted during his reign.Because the gold coins issued with this king's name closely resemble those of King Kaleb, Munro-Hay suggests that Ousas may be another name of Tazena, who is described both in Ethiopian tradition and... , also spelled "Ousana(s)"	possibly Tazena, father of Kaleb
c. 520	Kaleb Kaleb of Axum Kaleb is perhaps the best-documented, if not best-known, king of Axum. Procopius of Caesarea calls him "Hellestheaeus", a variant of his throne name Ella Atsbeha or Ella Asbeha...	tradition names his son Gabra Masqal
fl. mid 6th century	Alla Amidas Alla Amidas Alla Amidas was a king of Axum. He is primarily known from the coins minted during his reign.Due to die-links between the coins of Alla Amidas and Kaleb, Munro-Hay suggests that the two kings were co-rulers, Alla Amidas possibly ruling the African territories while Kaleb was across the Red Sea...
fl. mid 6th century	Wazena Wazena Wazena was a king of Axum. He is primarily known through the coins minted during his reign. Without any clear discussion, Munro-Hay identifies him with a king Alla Amidas, who is also known only through the coins he issued....
fl. mid 6th century	W`ZB W`ZB W`ZB or Ella Gabaz was a king of Axum . He uses the name "Ella Gabaz" on his coinage, but calls himself W`ZB in an inscription where he states he is the "son of Ella Atsbeha", or king Kaleb.... vocalized as "Wa`zeb"	possibly "Ella Gabaz", son of Kaleb
fl. mid 6th century	Ioel Ioel Ioel was a king of Axum. He is primarily known through the coins minted during his reign....
c. 575	Hataz Hataz Hataz was a king of Axum. He is primarily known through the coins minted during his reign, some of which call him Iathlia....	identified with "Iathlia"
c. 577	Saifu Saifu Saifu was a king of Axum.He is known from a chance mention in a Chinese biography of Mohammed, the T'ien-fang Chih-sheng shih-lu, written between 1721 and 1724 by Liu Chih. This work uses older materials that have been traced to a biography of the prophet written by Sa'id al-Din Mohammed bin...
c. 590	Israel Israel of Axum Israel was a king of Axum. He is primarily known through the coins minted during his reign....	tradition also records an Israel, son of Kaleb
c. 600	Gersem Gersem Gersem was a king of Axum in northeastern Africa. He is primarily known through the coins minted during his reign.Munro-Hay states that either he or Armah were the last Axumite kings to issue coins. In either case, no gold coins of Armah have been found, and Gersem is assumed to be the last coin...
c. 614	Armah Armah Armah was a king of Axum. He is primarily known through the coins minted during his reign, although it has been suggested as long ago as 1895 that he was identical to Ashama ibn Abjar, who gave shelter to the Muslim emigrants around 615-6 at Axum....	possibly identical with Ashama ibn Abjar Ashama ibn Abjar According to Arabic sources, Aṣḥama ibn Abjar was Emperor or al-Najashi of Aksum at the time of Muhammad, and gave refuge to several Muslims in the Kingdom of Aksum. The term "al-Najashi" has the variant al-Negashi; it corresponds to the ancient Aksumite title Negus, with the variant Negash...
died c. 630	Ashama ibn Abjar Ashama ibn Abjar According to Arabic sources, Aṣḥama ibn Abjar was Emperor or al-Najashi of Aksum at the time of Muhammad, and gave refuge to several Muslims in the Kingdom of Aksum. The term "al-Najashi" has the variant al-Negashi; it corresponds to the ancient Aksumite title Negus, with the variant Negash...	tradition also records an Ella Tsaham (Illa Ṣaḥām)

Later kings

The following list of rulers between 600-900 (dates not available) is based on E. A. Wallis Budge

E. A. Wallis Budge

Sir Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis Budge was an English Egyptologist, Orientalist, and philologist who worked for the British Museum and published numerous works on the ancient Near East.-Earlier life:...

, A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia, 1928 (Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1970), pp. 269f:

Name	Notes
Kwastantinos	or "Constantine"
Wasan Sagad	Bazagar?
Fere Shanay	or Fere Shernay
'Adre'az	or 'Adre'azar
'Akla Wedem
Germa Safar
Zergaz	or Gergaz
Degna Mikael
Bahr Ikela
Gum
'Asgwomgum
Letem
Talatem
'Oda Gosh	or 'Oda Sasa
'Ayzur	who reigned half a day and was strangled to death
Dedem
Wededem
Wedem 'Asfare	reigned 150 years
'Armah
Degna Djan Degna Djan Degna Djan was an Emperor of Aksum . Paul B. Henze states that his throne name was "'Anbasa Wedem", which tradition states was his oldest son's name. His younger son was Dil Na'od....	or Ged'a Djan
'Anbasa Wedem	son of Degna Djan
Dil Na'od Dil Na'od Dil Na'od was the last negus of Axum before the Zagwe dynasty of Ethiopia. He lived in either the 9th or 10th century. Dil Na'od was the younger son of Ged'a Jan , and succeeded his older brother 'Anbasa Wedem as negus...	son of Degna Djan

Kings during the zenith of the Kingdom of Axum

Later kings

See also