Kingdom of Mangalai
Encyclopedia
Central Asia
Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
n kingdom, mentioned by Marco Polo
Marco Polo
Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant traveler from the Venetian Republic whose travels are recorded in Il Milione, a book which did much to introduce Europeans to Central Asia and China. He learned about trading whilst his father and uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, travelled through Asia and apparently...
. From 1200 onwards, Mangalai's capital was Aksu. It was subservant to Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan , born Temujin and occasionally known by his temple name Taizu , was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death....
from 1224 to his death in 1227. On the edge of the Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
of China, Mangalai was controlled by the Chagatai Khanate
Chagatai Khanate
The Chagatai Khanate was a Turko-Mongol khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan , second son of the Great Khan Genghis Khan, and his descendents and successors...
. It's latter history sees periods of independence or inclusion of one of many larger kingdoms including: Mogulistan, Kashgar
Kashgar
Kashgar or Kashi is an oasis city with approximately 350,000 residents in the western part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Kashgar is the administrative centre of Kashgar Prefecture which has an area of 162,000 km² and a population of approximately...
, and Kingdom of Kashgaria. In 1877 the area came under the control of the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
of China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
and remains part of the Chinese province of Xinjiang
Xinjiang
Xinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
.
Early time and Mongol conquests
| Date | Ruler's name |
|---|---|
| 1220-c. 1240 | Babdagan |
Babdagan allied with Genghis Khan and his Mongols (1224–1227) playing taxes to them and providing military assistance thus keeping his kingdom. With the death of Genghis, the area came within the Chagatai Khanate
Chagatai Khanate
The Chagatai Khanate was a Turko-Mongol khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan , second son of the Great Khan Genghis Khan, and his descendents and successors...
from 1227 to 1348.
| Date | Ruler's name |
|---|---|
| 1240c.-1260 | Urtu Baraq |
| 1260–1340 | unknown |
| 1340–1362 | Puladchi |
1348-1514 A part of Mogulistan
| Date | Ruler's name | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1362-c. 1390 | Hudaidad | |
| c. 1390-c. 1420 | Seyyed Ahmad Mirza | |
| c. 1420-1457 | Seyyed 'Ali | |
| 1457–1464 | Sansiz Mirza | |
| 1464–1480 | Muhammad Haidar Mirza | (in Yarkand 1457-1480) |
| 1480–1514 | Mirza Abu Bakr | (the Chodja in Kashgar 1480-1514) |
| 1504–1514 | Mansur Khan ibn Ahmad | (Mogulistan 1508-14, Turfan 1503-45) his rule was opposed by Imal Khodja ibn Mansur Khan |
| 1514–1516 | Imal Khodja ibn Mansur Khan 1514-1516 | Independent from Mogulistan |
| 1516–1521 | part of Mogulistan again | |
| 1521–1533 | Abd ar-Rashid Khan I Abdurashid Khan Abdurashid Khan , was the ruler of Yarkand Khanate in Uyghurstan between 1533 and 1560 years.Khan was a descendant of the first moghul khan-Tughluk Timur Khan and was born in 1508... |
(Mogulistan 1533-60) |
| 1534–1588 | Muhammad Khan ibn Abd ar-Rashid | Opposed by: Abd al-Karim Khan ibn Abd ar-Rashid |
| 1534–1560 | Abd al-Karim Khan ibn Abd ar-Rashid | |
| 1588–1591 | Muhammad Baki Sultan | |
| 1591–1596 | Shah Khodja ad-Din Ahmad Khan | (at Kashgar 1596-1609) |
| 1596–1609 | Timur Sultan | (in Kashgar 1609-1614) |
| 1609–1614 | Hashim Mirza Bairin | |
| 1614–1615 | Iskandar Sultan | |
| 1615–1632 | Sultan Ahmad Sultan Ahmad Sultan Ahmad ibn Abu Sa’id was the Timurid ruler of Samarkand from 1469 till 1494. During his rule he successfully repelled at least one invasion attempt by the Kara Koyunlu, and failed in an attempt to conquer Herat from the land of Khurasan from its ruler Husayn Bayqarah. He was succeeded by his... |
|
| 1632–1638 | Abdallah Khan | |
| 1638–1641 | Gazi Shah Khodja | |
| 1641–1642 | Shah Beg | |
| 1642–1651 | Shahid Mirza Churas | |
| 1651–1666 | Nur ad-Din Khan | (Mogulistan 1669) |
| 1666–1670 | Ismail Khan Ismail Khan Ismail Khan is a politician and former mujahideen commander from Afghanistan. Born in the western Afghan city of Herat, he rose to become a powerful rebel commander during in the Soviet War in Afghanistan, and then a key member of the Northern Alliance until finally becoming the Governor of Herat... |
(Mogulistan 1669, 1670–78, 1679–82) |
| 1670–1743 | Part of Kashgar | |
| 1743–1755 | Ayyub Khodja | |
| 1756–1759 | Avdai Beg | |
| 1759–1864 | Qing Dynasty China | |
| 1864–1866 | Sadiq Beg | |
| 1866–1877 | Part of the Kingdom of Kashgaria (or Xinjiang) | |
| 1877 | Hakim Khan Tura | |
| 1877 onward | Part of China. |