Kazarig
Encyclopedia
Kotzarig or Cozarig, a name intricately associated with the land of Kedar
, was, according to Sandilch
, the second son of Ernakh
, after whom the Kozarigur Huns were named, Ernakh's second son being Utig after whom the Utigur Bulgars were named. Kozar could mean "Goat-Herder" in Slavonic languages. According to Bar Hebraeus and the Chronicle of Michael the Syrian, the name was given to one of three brothers who came from the Imaon mountains to rule Hunnish tribes in the East European grasslands in 583. Kotzarig's subjects became known as Khazars
. His brother Bulgarios with 10,000 men acquired Dacia
from Emperor Maurice (emperor)
(582-602). This report could refer to one of four possible events.
The name is later given to one of the sons of Khagan Kubrat who, following a dispute with his brother Batbayan, established his rule in Bolghar
.
In the 630s, 9,000 Cozarigs fled Pannonia to Italy as a result of Khagan Kubrat's war with the Avars.
Finally Menumorut
is said to have been friendly towards the Cozarigs in the Hungary, but after his time the name disappears.
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
, was, according to Sandilch
Sandilch
Sandilch , 555, was promoted by the Gokturks in 569 as Khan of the Utigur Bulgars in Patria Onoguria and an ally to the Byzantines who through him played the Utigurs off against their Pseudo-Avar controlled relatives....
, the second son of Ernakh
Ernakh
Ernakh or Ernac was the 3rd son of Attila. After Attila's death in 453 AD, his empire crumbled and its remains were ruled by his three sons. Ernakh is considered to have succeeded Dengizich king of Akatziroi and reigned from 469 AD to 503 AD over the Huns who roamed a substantial part of the...
, after whom the Kozarigur Huns were named, Ernakh's second son being Utig after whom the Utigur Bulgars were named. Kozar could mean "Goat-Herder" in Slavonic languages. According to Bar Hebraeus and the Chronicle of Michael the Syrian, the name was given to one of three brothers who came from the Imaon mountains to rule Hunnish tribes in the East European grasslands in 583. Kotzarig's subjects became known as Khazars
Khazars
The Khazars were semi-nomadic Turkic people who established one of the largest polities of medieval Eurasia, with the capital of Atil and territory comprising much of modern-day European Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, large portions of the northern Caucasus , parts of...
. His brother Bulgarios with 10,000 men acquired Dacia
Dacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks—the branch of the Thracians north of the Haemus range...
from Emperor Maurice (emperor)
Maurice (emperor)
Maurice was Byzantine Emperor from 582 to 602.A prominent general in his youth, Maurice fought with success against the Sassanid Persians...
(582-602). This report could refer to one of four possible events.
- The arrival of the OnogursOnogursThe Onogurs, also known as Utigurs, were a horde of equestrian nomads in the North Eurasian steppe east of the Don River during the 5th to 8th centuries. The Onogurs crossed the Volga and entered into Europe around the year 460 within the larger context of the Great Migrations and the Turkic...
in 463. In this situation the brother probably adopted the name as new ruler of DengizichDengizichDengizich , ruler of the Akatziroi, was a son of Attila. The other forms of his name are Denzic and Dintzic...
's AkatziroiAkatziroiOne of the nations in the Hunnish tribal confederacy. The Akatziroi were ruled by a king called Karadach or Karidachus, and appear in the account of Priscus...
whose lands the Onogurs seized under ErnakhErnakhErnakh or Ernac was the 3rd son of Attila. After Attila's death in 453 AD, his empire crumbled and its remains were ruled by his three sons. Ernakh is considered to have succeeded Dengizich king of Akatziroi and reigned from 469 AD to 503 AD over the Huns who roamed a substantial part of the...
's leadership. The events were long before Emperor Maurice but confused with his time because of his support for Patria Onoguria. - The arrival of the Eurasian AvarsEurasian AvarsThe Eurasian Avars or Ancient Avars were a highly organized nomadic confederacy of mixed origins. They were ruled by a khagan, who was surrounded by a tight-knit entourage of nomad warriors, an organization characteristic of Turko-Mongol groups...
in 557. In this eventuality, the Avars would be identified with Kidarite Huns who had sought to escape the Gokturk expansion. Kazrig would be identified with Kandig and Bulgarios could be identified with the Avar Samar KhanZaberganZabergan, Samur Khan, or Sam-Or Khan was a Kutrigur Khan, associated with the Eurasian Avars. Either under orders, or in revolt from them, he led the Kutrigur Bulgar Huns in attacks against Justinian I's northern frontier in 559...
who was also leader of the Cotzarigs. Tiberius II ConstantineTiberius II ConstantineTiberius II Constantine was Byzantine Emperor from 574 to 582.During his reign, Tiberius II Constantine gave away 7,200 pounds of gold each year for four years....
was acting for Justin at the time, so the acquisition of Dacia was not immediate and would have been a hostile take-over (see Maurice's Balkan campaignsMaurice's Balkan campaignsMaurice's Illyricum campaigns were a series of military expeditions conducted by emperor of Constantinopolis Maurice in an attempt to defend the Illyrian provinces of the East Roman Empire from Avars and Slavs...
). This case might prove right a frequently drawn parallel between these three brothers and the three brothers Shchek, Khoriv, and Kii (who founded KievKievKiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
in the 6th century) to whom the Khazars are said to be related. - The arrival of Gokturk rulers in 569. In this situation, the three brothers would be UarUarThe Uar were the largest of three ethnic components constituting the confederation known to the west as the Hephthalites and to the Chinese as Yanda and the dominant ethnicity of Khwarezm...
of Khwarezmia who the Gokturks supported against the Pseudo-Avar Huns who had entered Europe in the previous decade under KandigKandikKandik was an Avar khagan between 554 and 559. He led his people as refugees away from the Turks and approached Sarosios to mediate for him with the Byzantine Empire in 557. The Eastern Hunno-Bulgars that his people conquered were known as Kutrigurs....
. Bulgarios could thus be identified with SandilchSandilchSandilch , 555, was promoted by the Gokturks in 569 as Khan of the Utigur Bulgars in Patria Onoguria and an ally to the Byzantines who through him played the Utigurs off against their Pseudo-Avar controlled relatives....
, and Kozarig would have taken his name from the Avar-Hun tribes he established his rule over in the Kuban Steppe. - Events during HoudbaadHoudbaadHoudbaad . After his death Organa became regent of the Onogunduri until Kubrat was old enough to lead them....
's rule of Onoguria as a result of civil war in the Gokturk state.
The name is later given to one of the sons of Khagan Kubrat who, following a dispute with his brother Batbayan, established his rule in Bolghar
Bolghar
Bolghar was intermittently capital of Volga Bulgaria from the 8th to the 15th centuries, along with Bilyar and Nur-Suvar. It was situated on the bank of the Volga River, about 30 km downstream from its confluence with the Kama River and some 130 km from modern Kazan...
.
In the 630s, 9,000 Cozarigs fled Pannonia to Italy as a result of Khagan Kubrat's war with the Avars.
Finally Menumorut
Menumorut
For the residential district named after him, see Menumorut, Satu MareMenumorut or Menumorout ruled, according to the 13th century Gesta Ungarorum , the land between the rivers Tisa, Mureş and Someş when the Magyars invaded the Carpathian Basin around 895...
is said to have been friendly towards the Cozarigs in the Hungary, but after his time the name disappears.