Justice in Eyre
Encyclopedia
In English law, the Justices in Eyre were the highest magistrate
s in forest law, and presided over the court of justice-seat, a triennial court held to punish offenders against the forest law and enquire into the state of the forest and its officers. (Eyre, meaning "circuit", refers to the movement of the court between the different royal forests.)
Technically, the two justices were referred to as citra and ultra Trent (on the same side or across the River Trent
), depending on where the royal court
was held at the time, but are usually referred to in absolute geographical terms north and south. The holders were originally referred to as "justice of the forest" until the reign of Henry VIII, when the title of "justice in eyre" came into use, except from 1311–1397, when they were usually styled "warden of the forest". However they were still called "Justices in Eyre" in the Treason Act 1351
(under which it was high treason to kill them in the execution of their office).
With the decay of forest law and the lapse of the court of justice-seat, the post became a sinecure
. A statute of 1817 abolished it after the decease of the current holders.
Magistrate
A magistrate is an officer of the state; in modern usage the term usually refers to a judge or prosecutor. This was not always the case; in ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest government officers and possessed both judicial and executive powers. Today, in common law systems, a...
s in forest law, and presided over the court of justice-seat, a triennial court held to punish offenders against the forest law and enquire into the state of the forest and its officers. (Eyre, meaning "circuit", refers to the movement of the court between the different royal forests.)
Technically, the two justices were referred to as citra and ultra Trent (on the same side or across the River Trent
River Trent
The River Trent is one of the major rivers of England. Its source is in Staffordshire on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. It flows through the Midlands until it joins the River Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea below Hull and Immingham.The Trent...
), depending on where the royal court
Royal court
Royal court, as distinguished from a court of law, may refer to:* The Royal Court , Timbaland's production company*Court , the household and entourage of a monarch or other ruler, the princely court...
was held at the time, but are usually referred to in absolute geographical terms north and south. The holders were originally referred to as "justice of the forest" until the reign of Henry VIII, when the title of "justice in eyre" came into use, except from 1311–1397, when they were usually styled "warden of the forest". However they were still called "Justices in Eyre" in the Treason Act 1351
Treason Act 1351
The Treason Act 1351 is an Act of the Parliament of England which codified and curtailed the common law offence of treason. No new offences were created by the statute. It is one of the earliest English statutes still in force, although it has been very significantly amended. It was extended to...
(under which it was high treason to kill them in the execution of their office).
With the decay of forest law and the lapse of the court of justice-seat, the post became a sinecure
Sinecure
A sinecure means an office that requires or involves little or no responsibility, labour, or active service...
. A statute of 1817 abolished it after the decease of the current holders.
Early Justices
The arrangement of justices north and south of Trent did not become fixed until 1236.- John Marshall (apptd. 8 November 1217), justice of the forest of all England
- Brian de l'Isle (apptd. 6 March 1220), justice of the forest of all England
- Hugh de NevilleNevilleNeville is a name that originates from place names in Normandy, from the Old French Néville "Néel's estate" or Neuville, meaning "new village" or "new town".Neville may refer to:-Places:*Néville, Haute-Normandie, France...
(apptd. 29 April 1224), justice of the forest of all England - Brian de l'Isle (apptd. 8 October 1229), justice of the forest in the counties of NorthumberlandNorthumberlandNorthumberland is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region...
, CumberlandCumberlandCumberland is a historic county of North West England, on the border with Scotland, from the 12th century until 1974. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 and now forms part of Cumbria....
, YorkYorkshireYorkshire is a historic county of northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform...
, LancasterLancashireLancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston...
, DerbyDerbyshireDerbyshire is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The northern part of Derbyshire overlaps with the Pennines, a famous chain of hills and mountains. The county contains within its boundary of approx...
, LincolnLincolnshireLincolnshire is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the north west, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders...
, RutlandRutlandRutland is a landlocked county in central England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire and southeast by Peterborough and Northamptonshire....
, NorthamptonNorthamptonshireNorthamptonshire is a landlocked county in the English East Midlands, with a population of 629,676 as at the 2001 census. It has boundaries with the ceremonial counties of Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east,...
, BuckinghamBuckinghamshireBuckinghamshire is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. The county town is Aylesbury, the largest town in the ceremonial county is Milton Keynes and largest town in the non-metropolitan county is High Wycombe....
, EssexEssexEssex is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England, and one of the home counties. It is located to the northeast of Greater London. It borders with Cambridgeshire and Suffolk to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent to the South and London to the south west...
, CambridgeCambridgeshireCambridgeshire is a county in England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the northeast, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west...
, HuntingdonHuntingdonshireHuntingdonshire is a local government district of Cambridgeshire, covering the area around Huntingdon. Traditionally it is a county in its own right...
, and OxfordOxfordshireOxfordshire is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire , Buckinghamshire , Berkshire , Wiltshire and Gloucestershire ....
excepting the bailiwick of Thomas of Langley. - John of Monmouth (apptd. 8 October 1229), justice of the forest in the counties of StaffordStaffordshireStaffordshire is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes, the county is a NUTS 3 region and is one of four counties or unitary districts that comprise the "Shropshire and Staffordshire" NUTS 2 region. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders...
, Salop, WorcesterWorcestershireWorcestershire is a non-metropolitan county, established in antiquity, located in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire" NUTS 2 region...
, WarwickWarwickshireWarwickshire is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, although the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare...
, GloucesterGloucestershireGloucestershire is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean....
, HerefordHerefordshireHerefordshire is a historic and ceremonial county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire" NUTS 2 region. It also forms a unitary district known as the...
, DevonDevonDevon is a large county in southwestern England. The county is sometimes referred to as Devonshire, although the term is rarely used inside the county itself as the county has never been officially "shired", it often indicates a traditional or historical context.The county shares borders with...
, SomersetSomersetThe ceremonial and non-metropolitan county of Somerset in South West England borders Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west. It is partly bounded to the north and west by the Bristol Channel and the estuary of the...
, DorsetDorsetDorset , is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The county town is Dorchester which is situated in the south. The Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch joined the county with the reorganisation of local government in 1974...
, SouthamptonHampshireHampshire is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, a historic cathedral city that was once the capital of England. Hampshire is notable for housing the original birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force...
, WiltshireWiltshireWiltshire is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers...
, BerkshireBerkshireBerkshire is a historic county in the South of England. It is also often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1957, and...
, SurreySurreySurrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford. Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of...
, and the bailiwick of Thomas of Langley - Peter d'Airvault (apptd. 7 July 1232), justice of the forest of all England
Justices in Eyre north of the Trent
- John fitz Geoffrey (apptd. 21 October 1241)
- Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de DarcyThomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de DarcyThomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy , was an English statesman and rebel leader, who was executed for his part in an English rebellion known as the Pilgrimage of Grace.-Origins:...
, 18 June 1509 – June 1537 - Thomas Cromwell, 1st Baron CromwellThomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of EssexThomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex, , was an English statesman who served as chief minister of King Henry VIII of England from 1532 to 1540....
, 30 December 1537 – June 1540 (created Earl of EssexEarl of EssexEarl of Essex is a title that has been held by several families and individuals. The earldom was first created in the 12th century for Geoffrey II de Mandeville . Upon the death of the third earl in 1189, the title became dormant or extinct...
17 April 1540) - Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of RutlandThomas Manners, 1st Earl of RutlandThomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland, 13th Baron de Ros of Helmsley was created an earl by King Henry VIII of England in 1525.-Family background:...
, 9 August 1540 – 20 September 1543 - Sir Anthony BrowneAnthony BrowneAnthony Browne may refer to:*Anthony Browne , author and illustrator of children's books*Anthony Browne , journalist, author, and policy director for London mayor Boris Johnson...
, 16 February 1546 – 6 May 1548 - Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of ShrewsburyFrancis Talbot, 5th Earl of ShrewsburyFrancis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury, 5th Earl of Waterford, 11th Baron Talbot KG was the son of George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury and Anne Hastings....
, 24 May 1548 – 28 September 1560 - George Talbot, 6th Earl of ShrewsburyGeorge Talbot, 6th Earl of ShrewsburyGeorge Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, 6th Earl of Waterford, 12th Baron Talbot, KG, Earl Marshal was a 16th century English statesman.-Life:...
, 28 September 1560 – 18 November 1590 - Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of ShrewsburyGilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of ShrewsburyGilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury, 7th Earl of Waterford, KG was was a peer in the peerage of England.He was the eldest surviving son of George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, by the latter's first marriage to Gertrude Manners, daughter of the first Earl of Rutland.In 1568, Gilbert was...
, 16 December 1603 – 8 May 1616 - Sir George VilliersGeorge Villiers, 1st Duke of BuckinghamGeorge Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham KG was the favourite, claimed by some to be the lover, of King James I of England. Despite a very patchy political and military record, he remained at the height of royal favour for the first two years of the reign of Charles I, until he was assassinated...
, 25 July 1616 – 8 November 1619 (created Viscount Villiers 27 August 1616, Earl of BuckinghamEarl of BuckinghamThe peerage title Earl of Buckingham was created several times in the Peerage of England.It was first created in 1097 for Walter Giffard, but became extinct in 1164 with the death of the second earl. It may have been created again in 1164 for Richard de Clare , who died without issue in 1176...
5 January 1617 and Marquess of Buckingham 1 January 1618) - Francis Manners, 6th Earl of RutlandFrancis Manners, 6th Earl of RutlandFrancis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland, KG was an English nobleman. Despite a brief imprisonment for his involvement in the Essex Rebellion of 1601, he became prominent at the court of James I. He lived at Belvoir Castle in Lincolnshire...
, 19 November 1619 – 17 December 1632 - Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of ArundelThomas Howard, 21st Earl of ArundelThomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel KG, was a prominent English courtier during the reigns of King James I and King Charles I, but he made his name as a Grand Tourist and art collector rather than as a politician. When he died he possessed 700 paintings, along with large collections of sculpture,...
, 25 February 1634 – 4 October 1646 - John Manners, 8th Earl of RutlandJohn Manners, 8th Earl of RutlandJohn Manners, 8th Earl of Rutland was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 until 1641 when he inherited the peerage....
1646–1661 - William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of NewcastleWilliam Cavendish, 1st Duke of NewcastleWilliam Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne KG KB PC was an English polymath and aristocrat, having been a poet, equestrian, playwright, swordsman, politician, architect, diplomat and soldier...
, 16 July 1661 – 25 December 1676 (created Duke of NewcastleDuke of NewcastleDuke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne is a title which has been created three times in British history while the title of Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne has been created once. The title was created for the first time in the Peerage of England in 1664 when William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne...
16 March 1665) - Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of NewcastleHenry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of NewcastleHenry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, KG, PC , styled Viscount Mansfield until 1676, was the only son of the William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and his first wife, Elizabeth Basset. His maternal grandparents were William Basset and Judith Austen, daughter of Thomas...
, 28 March 1677 – bef. 26 April 1689 - William Pierrepont, 4th Earl of Kingston-upon-HullWilliam Pierrepont, 4th Earl of Kingston-upon-HullWilliam Pierrepont, 4th Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull was a British peer and Member of Parliament.The second son of Robert Pierrepont of Thoresby Nottinghamshire and his wife Elizabeth Evelyn, Pierrepont was born on the Evelyn estate of West Dean, Wiltshire...
, 26 April 1689 – 17 September 1690 - William Cavendish, 4th Earl of DevonshireWilliam Cavendish, 1st Duke of DevonshireWilliam Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire KG PC was a soldier and Whig statesman, the son of William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire and Lady Elizabeth Cecil.-Life:...
, November 1690 – 18 August 1707 (created Duke of DevonshireDuke of DevonshireDuke of Devonshire is a title in the peerage of England held by members of the Cavendish family. This branch of the Cavendish family has been one of the richest and most influential aristocratic families in England since the 16th century, and have been rivalled in political influence perhaps only...
12 May 1694) - William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of DevonshireWilliam Cavendish, 2nd Duke of DevonshireWilliam Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire KG, PC was a British nobleman and politician, the eldest son of William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire and Lady Mary Butler. A prominent Whig, he was sworn of the Privy Council in 1707, and served as Lord President of the Council from 1716 to 1717 and...
, 13 November 1707 – 19 May 1711 - John Holles, 1st Duke of NewcastleJohn Holles, 1st Duke of NewcastleJohn Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, KG, PC was the son of the 3rd Earl of Clare and his wife Grace Pierrepont. Grace was daughter of The Hon. William Pierrepont and granddaughter of the 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull....
, 18 May 1711 – 15 July 1711 - Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of LeedsThomas Osborne, 1st Duke of LeedsThomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, KG , English statesman , served in a variety of offices under Kings Charles II and William III of England.-Early life, 1632–1674:The son of Sir Edward Osborne, Bart., of Kiveton, Yorkshire, Thomas Osborne...
, 17 October 1711 – 26 July 1712 - Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Marquess of DorchesterEvelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-HullEvelyn Pierrepont, 5th Earl and 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull had been member of parliament for East Retford before his accession to the peerage in 1690. While serving as one of the commissioners for the union with Scotland he was created Marquess of Dorchester in 1706, and took a leading part in...
, 7 December 1714 – 11 March 1717 (created Duke of Kingston-upon-HullDuke of Kingston-upon-HullThe title Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull was created in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1715 for the 1st Marquess of Dorchester of the second creation, and became extinct on the death of the 2nd Duke in 1773....
10 August 1715) - Thomas Fane, 6th Earl of WestmorlandThomas Fane, 6th Earl of WestmorlandThomas Fane, 6th Earl of Westmorland was a British peer and member of the House of Lords.He was a Privy Counsellor, First Lord of Trade, Custos Rotulorum of Northamptonshire, Justice in Eyre and Gentleman of the Bedchamber. His titles included Earl of Westmorland, Baron le Despencer, andBaron...
, 11 March 1717 – 11 May 1719 - Bennet Sherard, 1st Earl of HarboroughBennet Sherard, 1st Earl of HarboroughBennet Sherard, 1st Earl of Harborough was a British peer and Member of Parliament....
, 11 May 1719 – 16 October 1732 - John Wallop, 1st Viscount LymingtonJohn Wallop, 1st Earl of PortsmouthJohn Wallop, 1st Earl of Portsmouth , known as John Wallop, 1st Viscount Lymington from 1720 to 1743, was a British peer and Member of Parliament....
, 11 January 1733 – 30 July 1734 - Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and KestevenPeregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and KestevenPeregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, 2nd Marquess of Lindsey, 5th Earl of Lindsey, 18th Baron Willoughby de Eresby PC , also styled Hon...
, 30 July 1734 – 1 January 1742 - George Brudenell, 4th Earl of CardiganGeorge Montagu, 1st Duke of MontaguGeorge Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, KG PC, FRS was a British peer.He was born George Brudenell in 1712 at Cardigan House, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in London, the son of the 3rd Earl of Cardigan and his wife, the former Lady Elizabeth Bruce...
, 19 February 1742 – 21 February 1752 - Edward Seymour, 8th Duke of SomersetEdward Seymour, 8th Duke of SomersetEdward Seymour, 8th Duke of Somerset was a British nobleman....
, 21 February 1752 – 12 December 1757 - Richard Edgecumbe, 1st Baron Edgecumbe, 3 February 1758 – 22 November 1758
- Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron SandysSamuel Sandys, 1st Baron SandysSamuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys, PC was a British politician in the 18th century. He held numerous posts within the government of the United Kingdom, namely Chancellor of the Exchequer, Leader of the House of Commons, Cofferer of the Household and First Lord of Trade...
, 10 February 1759 – 22 April 1761 - Thomas Osborne, 4th Duke of LeedsThomas Osborne, 4th Duke of LeedsThomas Osborne, 4th Duke of Leeds KG, PC, DL, FRS , styled Earl of Danby from birth until 1729 and subsequently Marquess of Carmarthen until 1731, was a British peer, politician and judge.-Background:...
, 22 April 1761 – 15 March 1774 - Thomas Pelham, 2nd Baron Pelham of StanmerThomas Pelham, 1st Earl of ChichesterThomas Pelham, 1st Earl of Chichester PC , known as the Lord Pelham of Stanmer from 1768 to 1801, was a British Whig politician.Pelham was the son of Thomas Pelham and his wife Annetta, daughter of Thomas Bridges...
, 15 March 1774 – 27 November 1775 - Thomas Lyttelton, 2nd Baron LytteltonThomas Lyttelton, 2nd Baron LytteltonThomas Lyttelton, 2nd Baron Lyttelton of Frankley was a British MP and profligate. Sometimes dubbed the nicknames "the wicked Lord Lyttelton" and "bad Lord Lyttelton", he was the son of George Lyttelton and Lucy Fortescue. His mother died when he was two years old. He was very talented in his...
, 27 November 1775 – 27 November 1779 - Charles Wolfran CornwallCharles Wolfran CornwallCharles Wolfran Cornwall was a British politician.In 1768, he was returned as MP for Grampound. He was created a Privy Councillor in 1780....
, 22 September 1780 – 2 January 1789 - George Evelyn Boscawen, 3rd Viscount Falmouth, 2 September 1789 – 30 October 1790
- The Hon. John Charles Villiers, 30 October 1790 – 22 December 1838 (succeeded as 3rd Earl of ClarendonEarl of ClarendonEarl of Clarendon is a title that has been created twice in British history, in 1661 and 1776. The title was created for the first time in the Peerage of England in 1661 for the statesman Edward Hyde, 1st Baron Hyde...
7 March 1824)
Justices in Eyre south of the Trent
- Richard de Montfiquet (apptd. 11 November 1236)
- John Biset (22 May 1238 – 1241)
- John fitzGeoffrey (apptd. 1241)
- Reynold de Mohun (apptd. 1 April 1242)
- Gilbert de Segrave (apptd. 6 May 1242)
- Robert Passelewe (apptd. aft. 28 April 1245)
- Henrici de BractonHenry de BractonHenry of Bracton, also Henry de Bracton, also Henrici Bracton, or Henry Bratton also Henry Bretton was an English jurist....
(apptd. aft. 1245) - Geoffrey of Langley (apptd. 4 March 1249)
- Reynold de Mohun (apptd. 25 October 1252)
- Arnold de Bois (apptd. 16 February 1252)
- Robert Walerand (apptd. 1 September 1256)
- Thomas Gresley (apptd. 11 September 1259)
- Alan la Zouche (apptd. 12 June 1261)
- Matthew de Colombières (apptd. 21 April 1265)
- Roger of Clifford (apptd. 8 August 1265)
- Roger of Clifford, the younger (apptd. 1 August 1270)
- Luke de Thaney (apptd. 10 June 1281)
- Roger le Strange, 1st Baron Strange (apptd. 21 October 1283)
- Hugh le Despenser, 1st Baron le DespencerHugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of WinchesterHugh le Despenser , sometimes referred to as "the Elder Despenser", was for a time the chief adviser to King Edward II of England....
(apptd. 12 February 1296) - Pain Tiptoft, 1st Baron Tibetot (apptd. 18 August 1307)
- Hugh le Despenser, 1st Baron le DespencerHugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of WinchesterHugh le Despenser , sometimes referred to as "the Elder Despenser", was for a time the chief adviser to King Edward II of England....
(apptd. 16 March 1307) - Robert fitz Pain (apptd. 2 December 1311)
- Hugh le Despenser, 1st Baron le DespencerHugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of WinchesterHugh le Despenser , sometimes referred to as "the Elder Despenser", was for a time the chief adviser to King Edward II of England....
(apptd. 14 June 1312) - Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron MonthermerRalph de Monthermer, 1st Baron MonthermerRalph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer, Earl of Hertford, Earl of Gloucester, Earl of Atholl -Biography:Ralph was a knight in the household of Joan of Acre, daughter of King Edward I of England. After the death of Joan's husband Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford in 1295, Ralph and Joan...
(apptd. 19 February 1314) - Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of PembrokeAymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of PembrokeAymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke was a Franco-English nobleman. Though primarily active in England, he also had strong connections with the French royal house. One of the wealthiest and most powerful men of his age, he was a central player in the conflicts between Edward II of England and...
(apptd. 18 May 1320) - Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of WinchesterHugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of WinchesterHugh le Despenser , sometimes referred to as "the Elder Despenser", was for a time the chief adviser to King Edward II of England....
(27 June 1324 – 27 October 1326) - Thomas Wake, 2nd Baron Wake of LiddellThomas Wake, 2nd Baron Wake of LiddellThomas Wake, 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell , English baron, belonged to a Lincolnshire family which had lands also in Cumberland, being the son of John Wake , who was summoned to parliament as a baron in 1295, and the grandson of Baldwin Wake , both warriors of repute.Among Thomas Wake's guardians were...
(apptd. 30 November 1326) - William la Zouche, 1st Baron Zouche of Mortimer (apptd. 9 May 1328)
- John Maltravers (apptd. 5 April 1329)
- Robert of Ufford (apptd. 16 December 1330
- Bartholomew de Burghersh, 1st Baron BurghershBartholomew de Burghersh, 1st Baron BurghershBartholomew de Burghersh, 1st Baron Burghersh , English nobleman and soldier, was a younger son of Robert de Burghersh, 1st Baron Burghersh and Maud de Badlesmere, sister of Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere....
(apptd. 13 October 1335) - William de Clinton, 1st Earl of HuntingdonWilliam de Clinton, 1st Earl of HuntingdonWilliam de Clinton, 1st Earl of Huntingdon and Lord High Admiral, was the younger son of Baron John Clinton of Maxstoke and Ida De Odingsells, who was a great-great-granddaughter of Henry II. The Clintons were a great Norman family who had arrived with William the Conqueror in 1066...
(apptd. 4 December 1343) - Thomas de Berkeley, 3rd Baron BerkeleyThomas de Berkeley, 3rd Baron BerkeleyThomas de Berkeley , aka Thomas the Rich, was an English baron and the custodian of the Berkeley Castle.He was the son of Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley and Eve la Zouche.-Edward II:...
(apptd. 25 August 1345) - Thomas de Braose (apptd. 28 January 1347)
- William of WykehamWilliam of WykehamWilliam of Wykeham was Bishop of Winchester, Chancellor of England, founder of Winchester College, New College, Oxford, New College School, Oxford, and builder of a large part of Windsor Castle.-Life:...
(apptd. 10 July 1361) jointly with... - Peter atte Wood (apptd. 10 July 1361)
- John de la Lee (apptd. 10 October 1367)
- John of Foxley (apptd. 26 April 1368)
- Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of KentThomas Holland, 2nd Earl of KentThomas Holland , 2nd Earl of Kent, 3rd Baron Holand KG was an English nobleman and a councillor of his half-brother, King Richard II of England.-Family and early Life:...
(21 July 1377 – 1397) - Edward, Earl of RutlandEdward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of YorkSir Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York, 2nd Earl of Cambridge, Earl of Rutland, Earl of Cork, Duke of Aumale KG was a member of the English royal family who died at the Battle of Agincourt....
(26 April 1397 – 25 October 1415) - Humphrey, Duke of GloucesterHumphrey, Duke of GloucesterHumphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Pembroke, KG , also known as Humphrey Plantagenet, was "son, brother and uncle of kings", being the fourth and youngest son of king Henry IV of England by his first wife, Mary de Bohun, brother to king Henry V of England, and uncle to the...
(27 January 1415 – 23 February 1447) - Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of YorkRichard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of YorkRichard Plantagenêt, 3rd Duke of York, 6th Earl of March, 4th Earl of Cambridge, and 7th Earl of Ulster, conventionally called Richard of York was a leading English magnate, great-grandson of King Edward III...
(apptd. 23 February 1447) - Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of SomersetEdmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of SomersetEdmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, KG , sometimes styled 1st Duke of Somerset, was an English nobleman and an important figure in the Wars of the Roses and in the Hundred Years' War...
(apptd. 2 July 1453) - William Fitzalan, 16th Earl of ArundelWilliam FitzAlan, 16th Earl of ArundelWilliam FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel, 6th Baron Maltravers .He was a son of John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor Berkeley...
(apptd. 19 December 1459) - John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk (11 July 1461 – 6 November 1461)
- Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of EssexHenry Bourchier, 1st Earl of EssexHenry Bourchier, 5th Baron Bourchier, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex, KG , was the eldest son of William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu and Anne of Gloucester...
(1461? – 4 April 1483) - William Fitzalan, 16th Earl of ArundelWilliam FitzAlan, 16th Earl of ArundelWilliam FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel, 6th Baron Maltravers .He was a son of John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor Berkeley...
(apptd. 1 July 1483) - John Radcliffe, 9th Baron FitzWalter (apptd. 14 January 1485) jointly with...
- Sir Reynold Bray (apptd. 14 January 1485)
- Giles Daubeney, 8th Baron Daubeney (apptd. 24 November 1493) (jointly with Bray)
- Sir Thomas Brandon, 2 June 1509 – 27 January 1510
- Sir Thomas LovellThomas LovellSir Thomas Lovell was an English soldier and administrator, Speaker of the House of Commons and Secretary to the Treasury.-Early life:...
, 6 February 1510 – 25 May 1524 (jointly with Dorset until his death) - Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of DorsetThomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of DorsetThomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, KG, KB was an English peer, courtier, soldier and landowner, the grandfather of Lady Jane Grey, briefly Queen of England.-Early life:...
, 17 June 1523 – 10 October 1530 - Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of SuffolkCharles Brandon, 1st Duke of SuffolkCharles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, 1st Viscount Lisle, KG was the son of Sir William Brandon and Elizabeth Bruyn. Through his third wife Mary Tudor he was brother-in-law to Henry VIII. His father was the standard-bearer of Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond and was slain by Richard III in person at...
, 22 November 1534 – 22 August 1545 - William Paulet, 1st Baron St John, 17 December 1545 – before 2 February 1550 (created Earl of WiltshireEarl of WiltshireThe title Earl of Wiltshire is one of the oldest in the Peerage of England, going back to the 12th century. It is currently held by the Marquess of Winchester, and is used as a courtesy title for the eldest son of the marquess....
19 January 1550) - Henry Grey, 3rd Marquess of DorsetHenry Grey, 1st Duke of SuffolkHenry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, 3rd Marquess of Dorset, KG was an English nobleman of the Tudor period and the father of Lady Jane Grey.-Henry VIII's reign:...
, 2 February 1550 – 12 November 1553 (created Duke of SuffolkDuke of SuffolkDuke of Suffolk is a title that has been created three times in British history, all three times in the Peerage of England.The third creation of the dukedom of Suffolk was for Henry Grey, 3rd Marquess of Dorset, in 1551. The duke also held the title Baron Ferrers of Groby...
11 October 1551) - Henry Radcliffe, 2nd Earl of Sussex, 19 November 1553 – 17 February 1557
- Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, 1557/8 – 9 June 1583
- Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of BedfordFrancis Russell, 2nd Earl of BedfordFrancis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford, KG was an English nobleman, soldier and politician and godfather to Sir. Francis Drake.-Early life:...
, 26 February 1584 – 28 July 1585 - Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of LeicesterRobert Dudley, 1st Earl of LeicesterRobert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, KG was an English nobleman and the favourite and close friend of Elizabeth I from her first year on the throne until his death...
, 25 November 1585 – 4 September 1588 - Henry Carey, 1st Baron HunsdonHenry Carey, 1st Baron HunsdonHenry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon, of Hunsdon was an English nobleman.He was the son of Mary Boleyn, the sister of Anne Boleyn and also the mistress to King Henry VIII of England...
, 17 January 1589 – 23 July 1596 - Charles Howard, 2nd Baron Howard of EffinghamCharles Howard, 1st Earl of NottinghamCharles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham , known as Howard of Effingham, was an English statesman and Lord High Admiral under Elizabeth I and James I...
, 15 June 1597 – 14 December 1624 (created Earl of NottinghamEarl of NottinghamEarl of Nottingham is a title that has been created seven times in the Peerage of England.-Earls of Nottingham, First creation :* John de Mowbray , 5th Baron Mowbray-Earls of Nottingham, Second creation :...
22 October 1597) - George Villiers, 1st Duke of BuckinghamGeorge Villiers, 1st Duke of BuckinghamGeorge Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham KG was the favourite, claimed by some to be the lover, of King James I of England. Despite a very patchy political and military record, he remained at the height of royal favour for the first two years of the reign of Charles I, until he was assassinated...
, 22 January 1625 – 23 August 1628 - William Herbert, 3rd Earl of PembrokeWilliam Herbert, 3rd Earl of PembrokeWilliam Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, KG, PC was the son of Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke and his third wife Mary Sidney. Chancellor of the University of Oxford, he founded Pembroke College, Oxford with King James. He was warden of the Forest of Dean, and constable of St Briavels from 1608...
, 9 September 1629 – 10 April 1630 - Henry Rich, 1st Earl of HollandHenry Rich, 1st Earl of HollandHenry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland was an English aristocrat, courtier and soldier.-Life:He was the son of Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick and of Penelope Devereux, Lady Rich, and the younger brother of Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick...
, 25 May 1631 – 9 March 1649 - Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of OxfordAubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of OxfordAubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford KG PC was the son of Robert de Vere, 19th Earl of Oxford and his wife Beatrix van Hemmend....
, 27 June 1660 – before 14 January 1673 - James Scott, 1st Duke of MonmouthJames Scott, 1st Duke of MonmouthJames Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, KG, PC , was an English nobleman. Originally called James Crofts or James Fitzroy, he was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II and his mistress, Lucy Walter...
, 14 January 1673 – 27 December 1679 - Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of ChesterfieldPhilip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of ChesterfieldPhilip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield PC was a peer in the peerage of England.-Personal life:He was the son of Henry Stanhope, Lord Stanhope and his wife, Katherine Wotton. He inherited the title of Earl of Chesterfield on the death of his grandfather in 1656...
, 27 December 1679 – before 16 January 1686 - Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of HuntingdonTheophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of HuntingdonTheophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon PC was an English politician. He was the son of Ferdinando Hastings, 6th Earl of Huntingdon, born in the 27th year of his parents' marriage, and became Earl of Huntingdon on 13 February 1656 on his father's death...
, 16 January 1686 – before 24 April 1689 - John Lovelace, 3rd Baron LovelaceJohn Lovelace, 3rd Baron LovelaceJohn Lovelace, 3rd Baron Lovelace was an English peer and MP.He was born at Hurley, Buckinghanshire, the son of John Lovelace, 2nd Baron Lovelace and Lady Anne, 7th Baroness Wentworth and Baroness Le Despenser...
, 24 April 1689 – 27 September 1693 - James Bertie, 1st Earl of AbingdonJames Bertie, 1st Earl of AbingdonJames Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon was an English nobleman.Bertie was the eldest son of Montagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey by his second wife Bridget Bertie , 4th Baroness Norreys, suo jure Lady Norreys. He succeeded his mother as 5th Baron Norreys on the latter's death, c. 1657...
, 29 November 1693 – before 15 May 1697 - Thomas Wharton, 5th Baron WhartonThomas Wharton, 1st Marquess of WhartonThomas Wharton, 1st Marquess of Wharton PC was an English nobleman and politician. He was the son of Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton and his second wife, Jane Goodwin, only daughter of Colonel Arthur Goodwin of Upper Winchendon, Buckinghamshire, and heiress to the extensive Goodwin estates in...
, 15 May 1697 – 11 July 1702 - vacant
- Thomas Wharton, 5th Baron WhartonThomas Wharton, 1st Marquess of WhartonThomas Wharton, 1st Marquess of Wharton PC was an English nobleman and politician. He was the son of Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton and his second wife, Jane Goodwin, only daughter of Colonel Arthur Goodwin of Upper Winchendon, Buckinghamshire, and heiress to the extensive Goodwin estates in...
, 9 September 1706 – 12 January 1711 (created Earl of Wharton 23 December 1706) - Montagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Abingdon, 12 January 1711 – 3 May 1715
- Charles Bennet, 2nd Earl of TankervilleCharles Bennet, 2nd Earl of TankervilleCharles Bennet, 2nd Earl of Tankerville KT , styled Lord Ossulston between 1714 and 1722, was a British peer and politician.-Background:...
, 6 December 1715 – 21 May 1722 - Charles Cornwallis, 5th Baron Cornwallis, 5 July 1722 – 31 May 1740
- William Villiers, 3rd Earl of JerseyWilliam Villiers, 3rd Earl of JerseyWilliam Villiers, 3rd Earl of Jersey PC was an English peer, the son of William Villiers, 2nd Earl of Jersey.Among other achievements, Villiers was a founding Governor of the Foundling Hospital, a charity which received its royal charter on 17 October 1739 to operate an orphanage for abandoned...
, 31 May 1740 – 26 July 1746 - George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, 26 July 1746 – 12 November 1748
- Thomas Osborne, 4th Duke of LeedsThomas Osborne, 4th Duke of LeedsThomas Osborne, 4th Duke of Leeds KG, PC, DL, FRS , styled Earl of Danby from birth until 1729 and subsequently Marquess of Carmarthen until 1731, was a British peer, politician and judge.-Background:...
, 12 November 1748 – 13 January 1756 - Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron SandysSamuel Sandys, 1st Baron SandysSamuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys, PC was a British politician in the 18th century. He held numerous posts within the government of the United Kingdom, namely Chancellor of the Exchequer, Leader of the House of Commons, Cofferer of the Household and First Lord of Trade...
, 13 January 1756 – 15 December 1756 - John Campbell, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane, 15 December 1756 – 4 November 1765
- John Monson, 2nd Baron Monson, 4 November 1765 – 12 January 1767
- Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Earl CornwallisCharles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess CornwallisCharles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis KG , styled Viscount Brome between 1753 and 1762 and known as The Earl Cornwallis between 1762 and 1792, was a British Army officer and colonial administrator...
, 12 January 1767 – 21 March 1769 - Sir Fletcher NortonFletcher Norton, 1st Baron GrantleyFletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley PC was an English politician.He was the eldest son of Thomas Norton of Grantley, Yorkshire. He became a barrister in 1739, and, after a period of inactivity, built up a profitable practice, becoming a King's Counsel in 1754, and later attorney-general for the...
, 21 March 1769 – 1 January 1789 (created Baron GrantleyBaron GrantleyLord Grantley, Baron of Markenfield, in the County of York, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1782 for Sir Fletcher Norton, Attorney General from 1763 to 1765 and Speaker of the House of Commons from 1770 to 1780. His son, the second Baron, was also a politician and...
9 April 1782) - Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount SydneyThomas Townshend, 1st Viscount SydneyThomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney PC , was a British politician who held several important Cabinet posts in the second half of the 18th century...
, 19 June 1789 – 30 June 1800 - Thomas GrenvilleThomas GrenvilleThomas Grenville PC was a British politician and bibliophile.-Background and education:Grenville was the second son of Prime Minister George Grenville and Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet...
, 13 August 1800 – 17 December 1846