Julio Anguita
Encyclopedia
Julio Anguita González (Fuengirola
Fuengirola
Fuengirola, in ancient times known as Suel and then Suhayl, is a large town and municipality on the Costa del Sol in the province of Málaga, autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is a major tourist resort, with more than 8 km of beaches, and home to a mediæval Moorish fortress...

, Málaga, 21 November 1941) is a Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...

 communist
Communism
Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...

 politician
Politics
Politics is a process by which groups of people make collective decisions. The term is generally applied to the art or science of running governmental or state affairs, including behavior within civil governments, but also applies to institutions, fields, and special interest groups such as the...

. He was Mayor of Córdoba, Spain
Córdoba, Spain
-History:The first trace of human presence in the area are remains of a Neanderthal Man, dating to c. 32,000 BC. In the 8th century BC, during the ancient Tartessos period, a pre-urban settlement existed. The population gradually learned copper and silver metallurgy...

 from 1979 to 1986 and coordinator of United Left
United Left (Spain)
The United Left is a political coalition that was organized in 1986 bringing together several political organisations opposed to Spain joining NATO. It was formed by a number of groups of leftists, greens, left-wing socialists and republicans, but was dominated by the Communist Party of Spain...

 (Izquierda Unida, IU) between 1989 and 1999 and General Secretary of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) from 1988 to 1998.

Biography

A member of a military family, he broke with familiar tradition doing teaching studies and, after that, licencing in History in the University of Barcelona
University of Barcelona
The University of Barcelona is a public university located in the city of Barcelona, Catalonia in Spain. It is a member of the Coimbra Group, LERU, European University Association, Mediterranean Universities Union, International Research Universities Network and Vives Network...

. Working as a teacher, in 1972 he joined the clandestine Communist Party of Spain
Communist Party of Spain
The Communist Party of Spain is the third largest national political party in Spain. It is the largest member organization of the United Left electoral coalition and has influence in the largest trade union in Spain, Workers' Commissions ....

 (PCE) and five years later he was already a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Andalusia
Communist Party of Andalusia
Communist Party of Andalusia is the federation of the Communist Party of Spain in Andalusia.-History:...

 (PCA).

In 1979, he was elected as Mayor of Córdoba
Córdoba, Spain
-History:The first trace of human presence in the area are remains of a Neanderthal Man, dating to c. 32,000 BC. In the 8th century BC, during the ancient Tartessos period, a pre-urban settlement existed. The population gradually learned copper and silver metallurgy...

 with a clear majority in the first municipal elections of the current democracy. There, he distinguished as the first capital governed by communists from the Second Spanish Republic
Second Spanish Republic
The Second Spanish Republic was the government of Spain between April 14 1931, and its destruction by a military rebellion, led by General Francisco Franco....

 so he had to deal with the reticences it came with. His managemen aid to the democratic normality and gave him appreciation as a leader in his party. He was reelected in 1983 but in 1986 he renounced to go in for again becoming the new candidate from United Left
United Left (Spain)
The United Left is a political coalition that was organized in 1986 bringing together several political organisations opposed to Spain joining NATO. It was formed by a number of groups of leftists, greens, left-wing socialists and republicans, but was dominated by the Communist Party of Spain...

 to the regional government (Junta de Andalucía). In these elections the coalition obtained the 17.91% of the votes. In February 1988 he was elected as general secretary of the PCE and in the next year he became the leader of IU, gaining a seat in Congress in the same year.
He was also elected Congress Member and spokesman of the parliamentary group of United Left
United Left (Spain)
The United Left is a political coalition that was organized in 1986 bringing together several political organisations opposed to Spain joining NATO. It was formed by a number of groups of leftists, greens, left-wing socialists and republicans, but was dominated by the Communist Party of Spain...

 in the Congress in 1993 and 1996, the years when IU had his better electoral results. He advocate for a political way for United Left based in the two shores theory, the setting of the differences between, by one side, the People's Party
People's Party (Spain)
The People's Party is a conservative political party in Spain.The People's Party was a re-foundation in 1989 of the People's Alliance , a party led and founded by Manuel Fraga Iribarne, a former Minister of Tourism during Francisco Franco's dictatorship...

 and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party is a social-democratic political party in Spain. Its political position is Centre-left. The PSOE is the former ruling party of Spain, until beaten in the elections of November 2011 and the second oldest, exceeded only by the Partido Carlista, founded in...

, and in the other United Left. Also he said that pacts with PSOE may be established under programmatic single agreements, not as a system (conception expressed in his well known motto programa, programa, programa).

After a third cardiovascular problem in the end of 1999 he left the candidacy to the Presidence in the 2000 elections to Francisco Frutos by health reasons (in a interview in 2004 he said the main reason was the dissatisfaction about the political agenda of IU. Likewise he was relieved as general secretary of the PCE by Francisco Frutos. In the VI Assembly of United Left, in October of that same year, he was replaced as General Coordinator by Gaspar Llamazares
Gaspar Llamazares
Gaspar Llamazares Trigo is a Spanish politician. He was the leader of the leftist coalition Izquierda Unida from 2001 to 2008, in the post of General Coordinator. He is a member of Communist Party of Spain ....

.

Under his leadership, United Left defined their politics contents and reached their best electoral results in their history.

His son Julio Anguita Parrado was one of the two Spanish journalists who died in Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....

 during the Anglo-American invasion in 2003, in his case under Iraqi fire. At receiving the news of his death during an act for the Third Spanish Republic he said: "It was an Iraqi missile but it doesn't matter, the only thing I can say is that I will come again some other time and I will keep fighting for the third Republic. Damned be the wars and the scoundrels that support them" ("Ha sido un misil iraquí, pero es igual, lo único que puedo decir es que vendré en otra ocasión y seguiré combatiendo por la tercera república. Malditas sean las guerras y los canallas que las apoyan"). This last phrase was heavily used by demonstrators in the different calls against the war in Iraq.

Publications

After his first book Corazón Rojo (Red Heart, 2005) where he testifies over his life after the cardiovascular problems, he publishes in 2007 the Prologue of the book La Globalización Neoliberal y sus repercusiones en la educación (The Neoliberal Globalization and his impact in the education) from the University teacher and researcher Enrique Díez and in 2008 he publishes El Tiempo y la Memoria (Time and Memory) wrote in collaboration with the Cordoban journalist and writer Rafael Martínez Simancas where he manifests his will to keep fighting

External links

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