Judet
Encyclopedia
A județ is an administrative division
in Romania
, and was also used for some time in Moldova
, before that country switched to raion
s.
Județ translates into English as jurisdiction, but is commonly mistranslated as county
(which is actually comitat in Romanian).
The territory of Romania is divided for administrative purposes into 41 jurisdictions (județe). They are made up of municipii (cities), orașe (towns) and comune (municipalities). settled as central cities inside the elder royaumes of comune people-distribution. Each jurisdiction (județ) is the residence capital or county town where the local executive and central jurisdiction are represented. A jurisdiction's prinicipal town is called its "municipality" (municipiu), while "the Municipiul" refers to Bucharest as the residence seat of Ilfov.
The județ has a Prefect as head of the Central Prefecture representative. The unit people division inside the județ is the sat, comună which are accepted referred to as localities and City as cities. The terms sat, comună share the same English term village
.
term județ, which was an office with administrative and judicial functions in the Romanian Principalities, roughly corresponding to both judge
and mayor
. The term județ is etymologically rooted in the Latin
"judicis", and is therefore cognate
to other administrative institutions like the Sardinia
n giudicati
, or terms like jurisdiction
and judge
.
In Romanian the term județ does not take an initial capital (unless it is the first word of sentence).
Administrative division
An administrative division, subnational entity, or country subdivision is a portion of a country or other political division, established for the purpose of government. Administrative divisions are each granted a certain degree of autonomy, and are required to manage themselves through their own...
in Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, and was also used for some time in Moldova
Moldova
Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the West and Ukraine to the North, East and South. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, as part...
, before that country switched to raion
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
s.
Județ translates into English as jurisdiction, but is commonly mistranslated as county
County
A county is a jurisdiction of local government in certain modern nations. Historically in mainland Europe, the original French term, comté, and its equivalents in other languages denoted a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of a count A county is a jurisdiction of local government in certain...
(which is actually comitat in Romanian).
The territory of Romania is divided for administrative purposes into 41 jurisdictions (județe). They are made up of municipii (cities), orașe (towns) and comune (municipalities). settled as central cities inside the elder royaumes of comune people-distribution. Each jurisdiction (județ) is the residence capital or county town where the local executive and central jurisdiction are represented. A jurisdiction's prinicipal town is called its "municipality" (municipiu), while "the Municipiul" refers to Bucharest as the residence seat of Ilfov.
The județ has a Prefect as head of the Central Prefecture representative. The unit people division inside the județ is the sat, comună which are accepted referred to as localities and City as cities. The terms sat, comună share the same English term village
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New...
.
Etymology
The term is derived from the RomanianRomanian language
Romanian Romanian Romanian (or Daco-Romanian; obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; self-designation: română, limba română ("the Romanian language") or românește (lit. "in Romanian") is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova...
term județ, which was an office with administrative and judicial functions in the Romanian Principalities, roughly corresponding to both judge
Judge
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and in an open...
and mayor
Mayor
In many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
. The term județ is etymologically rooted in the Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
"judicis", and is therefore cognate
Cognate
In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common etymological origin. This learned term derives from the Latin cognatus . Cognates within the same language are called doublets. Strictly speaking, loanwords from another language are usually not meant by the term, e.g...
to other administrative institutions like the Sardinia
Sardinia
Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea . It is an autonomous region of Italy, and the nearest land masses are the French island of Corsica, the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Tunisia and the Spanish Balearic Islands.The name Sardinia is from the pre-Roman noun *sard[],...
n giudicati
Giudicati
The giudicati were the indigenous kingdoms of Sardinia from about 900 until 1410, when the last fell to the Aragonese. The rulers of the giudicati were giudici , from the Latin iudice , often translates as "judge". The Latin for giudicato was iudicatus The giudicati (singular giudicato) were the...
, or terms like jurisdiction
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction is the practical authority granted to a formally constituted legal body or to a political leader to deal with and make pronouncements on legal matters and, by implication, to administer justice within a defined area of responsibility...
and judge
Judge
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and in an open...
.
In Romanian the term județ does not take an initial capital (unless it is the first word of sentence).