Jovan Avakumović
Encyclopedia
Jovan Avakumović was a lawyer, politician, and Prime Minister of Serbia.
Faculty of Law
, and studied law and state science (1862–1868) in Germany, French and Switzerland. Member of the Liberal Party.
In 1873 he was appointed the First Secretary of Cassation, and since 1875 he was the first mayor of the Belgrade City, then head of the police department of the Ministry of the Interior in the Liberal government of Stevča Mihailović
to 1880. That year he briefly became justice minister in the cabinet of Jovan Ristic
, but already in October the same year, the government fell and he was replaced by the Progressive Milan Piroćanac
. In 1881–1887 he was a judge in the Court of Cassation. In 1887 he was briefly Minister of Justice in Liberal-Radikal coalition government, but resigned from the end of the year when the radicals have formed a cabinet. Avakumović became operational head of the Liberal party and the opposition leader. Liberals then tried to use strong demagoguery to oppose the ruling Radicals.
When on 9 August 1892 the Radical fell Avakumović became the Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. The government was dominated by young liberals. All government actions were aimed at the parliamentary elections scheduled for 25 February 1893. year. After fierce fighting, in which the government used dubious methods, the result was a draw, and on 1 April 1893 Aleksandar Obrenovic
dismissed the Avakumović government and gave the mandate to Radicals. The Radical majority in the Assembly organized a political trial of Avakumović and some members of his government but they were granted an amnesty by the king before the verdict.
Avakumović became Prime Minister again immediately after the assassination
of King Aleksandar Obrenovic and Queen Draga Masin on 29 May 1903. Peter Karadjordjevic became the Serbian king and the Constitution of 1888 was restored.
During First World War
the Austrian
occupation forces captured him in 1915 and interned him in the camp Cegled
in Hungary
and then Hicing in Austria
where he stayed until the end of the war. After returning from the captivity he withdrew from politics.
Avakumović was one of the best attorney attorney
in Belgrade, especially in the field of criminal law
. He has written many papers, and his most important works are: The theory of criminal law(1887–1891), self-defense,Importance of criminal law,France and England juries,Change the currency and illegal operations. Avakumović became a regular member of the Serbian Royal Academy in 1893.
He was a nephew of General
and Royal Regent
Jovan Belimarković.
Biography
Born as a descendant of a respected merchant family of Babadudić, Avakumović graduated from the University of BelgradeUniversity of Belgrade
The University of Belgrade is the oldest and largest university of Serbia.Founded in 1808 as the Belgrade Higher School in revolutionary Serbia, by 1838 it merged with the Kragujevac-based departments into a single university...
Faculty of Law
University of Belgrade Faculty of Law
The University of Belgrade Faculty of Law , also known as the Belgrade Law School, is one of the first-tier educational institutions of the University of Belgrade, Serbia...
, and studied law and state science (1862–1868) in Germany, French and Switzerland. Member of the Liberal Party.
In 1873 he was appointed the First Secretary of Cassation, and since 1875 he was the first mayor of the Belgrade City, then head of the police department of the Ministry of the Interior in the Liberal government of Stevča Mihailović
Stevča Mihailović
Stevča Mihailović , was a Serbian politician and Prime Minister.-Biography:Under the Prince Miloš he was a customs official, and during the first reign of Prince Mihailo district chief. In 1842, when Toma Vučić-Perišić rebelled in favor of Constitution, the military tries to help the prince, but...
to 1880. That year he briefly became justice minister in the cabinet of Jovan Ristic
Jovan Ristic
Jovan Ristić, or Ristitch was a Serbian statesman and diplomat....
, but already in October the same year, the government fell and he was replaced by the Progressive Milan Piroćanac
Milan Pirocanac
Milan Piroćanac , was a prominent Serbian statesman and politician, leader and founder of the Progressive party , and a Prime Minister of the Principality, later Kingdom of Serbia in the 19th century.- Life and career :Piroćanac was born into a family originally from the Pirot area in...
. In 1881–1887 he was a judge in the Court of Cassation. In 1887 he was briefly Minister of Justice in Liberal-Radikal coalition government, but resigned from the end of the year when the radicals have formed a cabinet. Avakumović became operational head of the Liberal party and the opposition leader. Liberals then tried to use strong demagoguery to oppose the ruling Radicals.
When on 9 August 1892 the Radical fell Avakumović became the Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. The government was dominated by young liberals. All government actions were aimed at the parliamentary elections scheduled for 25 February 1893. year. After fierce fighting, in which the government used dubious methods, the result was a draw, and on 1 April 1893 Aleksandar Obrenovic
Aleksandar Obrenovic
Not to be confused with Alexander I of Yugoslavia.Alexander I or Aleksandar Obrenović was king of Serbia from 1889 to 1903 when he and his wife, Queen Draga, were assassinated by a group of Army officers, led by Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijević-Accession:In 1889 Alexander's father, King Milan,...
dismissed the Avakumović government and gave the mandate to Radicals. The Radical majority in the Assembly organized a political trial of Avakumović and some members of his government but they were granted an amnesty by the king before the verdict.
Avakumović became Prime Minister again immediately after the assassination
May Overthrow
The May Overthrow was a 1903 coup d'état in which the Serbian King Alexander Obrenović and his wife, Queen Draga, were assassinated inside the Royal Palace in Belgrade on the night between 28 and 29 May 1903 by the Julian calendar...
of King Aleksandar Obrenovic and Queen Draga Masin on 29 May 1903. Peter Karadjordjevic became the Serbian king and the Constitution of 1888 was restored.
During First World War
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
the Austrian
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
occupation forces captured him in 1915 and interned him in the camp Cegled
Cegléd
Cegléd is a city in Pest county, Hungary, approximately southeast of the Hungarian capital, Budapest.-Name:There are discussions going on about the origin of the name of the town...
in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
and then Hicing in Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
where he stayed until the end of the war. After returning from the captivity he withdrew from politics.
Avakumović was one of the best attorney attorney
Advocacy
Advocacy is a political process by an individual or a large group which normally aims to influence public-policy and resource allocation decisions within political, economic, and social systems and institutions; it may be motivated from moral, ethical or faith principles or simply to protect an...
in Belgrade, especially in the field of criminal law
Criminal law
Criminal law, is the body of law that relates to crime. It might be defined as the body of rules that defines conduct that is not allowed because it is held to threaten, harm or endanger the safety and welfare of people, and that sets out the punishment to be imposed on people who do not obey...
. He has written many papers, and his most important works are: The theory of criminal law(1887–1891), self-defense,Importance of criminal law,France and England juries,Change the currency and illegal operations. Avakumović became a regular member of the Serbian Royal Academy in 1893.
He was a nephew of General
General
A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....
and Royal Regent
Regent
A regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
Jovan Belimarković.