John Raymond Hazel was a United States

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 jurist

Jurist

A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage...

 and politician

Politician

A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...

, best known for administrating the swearing in ceremony of then Vice President

Vice President of the United States

The Vice President of the United States is the holder of a public office created by the United States Constitution. The Vice President, together with the President of the United States, is indirectly elected by the people, through the Electoral College, to a four-year term...

  Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States . He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" persona and robust masculinity...

 as the 26th President of the United States

President of the United States

The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....

. He was a resident of Buffalo, New York

Buffalo, New York

Buffalo is the second most populous city in the state of New York, after New York City. Located in Western New York on the eastern shores of Lake Erie and at the head of the Niagara River across from Fort Erie, Ontario, Buffalo is the seat of Erie County and the principal city of the...

.

Following the shooting of President William McKinley

William McKinley assassination

The assassination of William McKinley occurred on September 6, 1901, inside the Temple of Music located on the grounds of the 1901 Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York...

 by Leon Czolgosz

Leon Czolgosz

Leon Czolgosz was the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley.In the last few years of his life, he claimed to have been heavily influenced by anarchists such as Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman.- Early life :...

, Roosevelt had gone climbing in the Adirondack mountains, at that time the President's medical condition was not viewed as life threatening. When McKinley's condition worsened a runner was sent to notify Roosevelt, who then returned to Buffalo.

After President's death Roosevelt was inaugurated President at Ansley Wilcox House

Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site

Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site preserves the Ansley Wilcox House, at 641 Delaware Avenue in Buffalo, New York. Here, after the assassination of William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt took the oath of office as President of the United States on September 14, 1901...

 (now Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site) by Hazel, then U.S. District Judge (Western District of New York)

United States District Court for the Western District of New York

The United States District Court for the Western District of New York is the Federal district court whose jurisdiction comprises only a part of New York....

. Unlike other Presidents, Roosevelt did not use the Bible

Bible

The Bible refers to any one of the collections of the primary religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. There is no common version of the Bible, as the individual books , their contents and their order vary among denominations...

.

Hazel, who served as a federal judge from 1900 to 1931, was also a delegate to the 1900 Republican National Convention

1900 Republican National Convention

The 1900 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States was held June 19 to June 21 in the Exposition Auditorium, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Exposition Auditorium was located south of the University of Pennsylvania, and the later Convention Hall was constructed along the...

 (which nominated Roosevelt as V.P. candidate.

Notable Cases

In 1909, Judge Hazel issued an order cancelling the naturalization

Naturalization

Naturalization is the acquisition of citizenship and nationality by somebody who was not a citizen of that country at the time of birth....

 of Jacob A. Kersner, at the request of the U.S. Attorney's office, and thus stripping the citizenship of his ex-wife, the Anarchist orator Emma Goldman

Emma Goldman

Emma Goldman was an anarchist known for her political activism, writing and speeches. She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in North America and Europe in the first half of the twentieth century....

, who had gained U.S. citizenship in 1887 by her marriage to Kersner. Ten years later, in 1919, the Wilson

Woodrow Wilson

Thomas Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States, from 1913 to 1921. A leader of the Progressive Movement, he served as President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and then as the Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913...

 administration used Hazel's voiding of her citizenship as the basis for ruling that Goldman could be deported to Russia as an "alien anarchist," along with 248 other "undesirables," on the USAT Buford.

Judge Hazel heard the 1910-1913 lawsuit by the Wright brothers

Wright brothers

The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur , were two Americans credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903...

 who alleged patent infringement against manufacturer Herring-Curtiss Company and inventor Glenn Curtiss

Glenn Curtiss

Glenn Hammond Curtiss was an American aviation pioneer and a founder of the U.S. aircraft industry. He began his career as a bicycle then motorcycle builder and racer, later also manufacturing engines for airships as early as 1906...

. Hazel ruled in Feb. 1913 for the Wrights, and on appeal a higher court agreed with this decision in 1914. The decision was controversial for so favorably interpreting the uniqueness and priority of the technical achievements of the Wrights, and it has been argued that this broad interpretation of their intellectal property slowed aviation developments in the U.S.