John Millington Synge
Overview
 
Edmund John Millington Synge (16 April 1871 – 24 March 1909) was an Irish playwright
Playwright
A playwright, also called a dramatist, is a person who writes plays.The term is not a variant spelling of "playwrite", but something quite distinct: the word wright is an archaic English term for a craftsman or builder...

, poet
Poet
A poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...

, prose
Prose
Prose is the most typical form of written language, applying ordinary grammatical structure and natural flow of speech rather than rhythmic structure...

 writer, and collector of folklore
Folklore
Folklore consists of legends, music, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, fairy tales and customs that are the traditions of a culture, subculture, or group. It is also the set of practices through which those expressive genres are shared. The study of folklore is sometimes called...

. He was a key figure in the Irish Literary Revival
Celtic Revival
Celtic Revival covers a variety of movements and trends, mostly in the 19th and 20th centuries, which drew on the traditions of Celtic literature and Celtic art, or in fact more often what art historians call Insular art...

 and was one of the cofounders of the Abbey Theatre
Abbey Theatre
The Abbey Theatre , also known as the National Theatre of Ireland , is a theatre located in Dublin, Ireland. The Abbey first opened its doors to the public on 27 December 1904. Despite losing its original building to a fire in 1951, it has remained active to the present day...

. He is best known for his play The Playboy of the Western World
The Playboy of the Western World
The Playboy of the Western World is a three-act play written by Irish playwright John Millington Synge and first performed at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, on January 26, 1907. It is set in Michael James Flaherty's public house in County Mayo during the early 1900s...

, which caused riots in Dublin during its opening run at the Abbey Theatre.

Although he came from an Anglo-Irish
Anglo-Irish
Anglo-Irish was a term used primarily in the 19th and early 20th centuries to identify a privileged social class in Ireland, whose members were the descendants and successors of the Protestant Ascendancy, mostly belonging to the Church of Ireland, which was the established church of Ireland until...

 background, Synge's writings are mainly concerned with the world of the Roman Catholic peasants of rural Ireland and with what he saw as the essential paganism
Paganism
Paganism is a blanket term, typically used to refer to non-Abrahamic, indigenous polytheistic religious traditions....

 of their world view.

Synge suffered from Hodgkin's disease
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma, previously known as Hodgkin's disease, is a type of lymphoma, which is a cancer originating from white blood cells called lymphocytes...

, a form of cancer at the time untreatable.
Quotations

What is the price of a thousand horses against a son where there is one son only?

Riders to the Sea|Riders to the Sea (1904)

I knew the stars, the flowers, and the birds,The gray and wintry sides of many glens,And did but half remember human words,In converse with the mountains, moors, and fens.

Prelude (1910)

I’m a good scholar when it comes to reading but a blotting kind of writer when you give me a pen.

Draft of a preface in “Notebook 16”; Quoted in The Collected Works of J.M. Synge, vol. 1, Introduction

I asked if I got sick and died, would youWith my black funeral go walking too,If you’d stand close to hear them talk or prayWhile I’m let down in that steep bank of clay.

A Question

Lord, confound this surly sister,Blight her brow with blotch and blister,Cramp her larynx, lung and liver,In her guts a galling give her.

The Curse

These are rotten, so you’re the QueenOf all are living, or have been.

Queens

When I was writing In the Shadow of the Glen|The Shadow of the Glen I got more aid than any learning could have given me from a chink in the floor of the old Wicklow house where I was staying, that let me hear what was being said by the servent girls in the kitchen.

Preface

In a good play every speech should be as fully flavoured as a nut or apple.

Preface

May I meet him with one tooth and it aching, and one eye to be seeing seven and seventy divils in the twists of the road, and one old timber leg on him to limp into the scalding grave. There he is now crossing the strands, and that the Lord God would send a high wave to wash him from the world.

Act II

 
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