John Baillie McIntosh
Encyclopedia
John Baillie McIntosh although born in Florida
, served as a Union Army
brigadier general
in the American Civil War
. His brother, James M. McIntosh
, served as a Confederate general until he was killed in the Battle of Pea Ridge
.
), Florida Territory
, while his father was on active duty in the Army. He served as a midshipman
in the United States Navy
during the Mexican-American War, and resigned in 1850. Thereafter, McIntosh was in business in New Brunswick, New Jersey
.
in April 1862 and served in the Seven Days Battles
, and the Battle of Antietam
, receiving promotion to major
between the battles. McIntosh was commissioned colonel
of the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry on November 15, 1862. In that role he rose to brigade command in the Cavalry Corps
of the Army of the Potomac
. He led his brigade in the campaign culminating in the Battle of Chancellorsville
, winning plaudits from division commander Brig. Gen.
William W. Averell
.
When Maj. Gen.
Alfred Pleasonton
reorganized the Cavalry Corps following the Battle of Brandy Station
, McIntosh became a brigade commander in the second division led by Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg. McIntosh was ill after Chancellorsville, but he was present when Gregg's division fought at the Battle of Gettysburg
. He distinguished himself in the fight
against J.E.B. Stuart
on East Cavalry Field on July 3, 1863. When a Confederate attack led by Maj. Gen. Wade Hampton
was at its height, McIntosh led some of his men in a flank attack on the attacking troopers. McIntosh was injured by a fall from a horse in September 1863; and, after recovering from his injury, he was on duty in the defenses of Washington, D.C.
, in XXII Corps
until May 1864.
McIntosh returned to the Army of the Potomac in time to be assigned a brigade in the third cavalry division of Brig. Gen. James H. Wilson
during the Battle of the Wilderness
. He continued in command in the operations of Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan
, including the beginning of the latter's Shenandoah Valley Campaign
. McIntosh lost a leg because of a wound he received at the Third Battle of Winchester
on September 6, 1864. Later he received brevet
promotions of the ranks of major general, U. S. Volunteers, brigadier general, U.S. Army (regular army), and major general, U.S. Army. He retired from the army in 1870.
McIntosh died in New Brunswick. He is buried there in the Elmwood Cemetery
.
Florida
Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...
, served as a Union Army
Union Army
The Union Army was the land force that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. It was also known as the Federal Army, the U.S. Army, the Northern Army and the National Army...
brigadier general
Brigadier general (United States)
A brigadier general in the United States Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, is a one-star general officer, with the pay grade of O-7. Brigadier general ranks above a colonel and below major general. Brigadier general is equivalent to the rank of rear admiral in the other uniformed...
in the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
. His brother, James M. McIntosh
James M. McIntosh
James McQueen McIntosh was a career American soldier who served as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War...
, served as a Confederate general until he was killed in the Battle of Pea Ridge
Battle of Pea Ridge
The Battle of Pea Ridge was a land battle of the American Civil War, fought on March 6–8, 1862, at Pea Ridge in northwest Arkansas, near Garfield. In the battle, Union forces led by Brig. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis defeated Confederate troops under Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn. The outcome of the...
.
Birth and early years
McIntosh was born at Fort Brooke (TampaTâmpa
Tâmpa may refer to several villages in Romania:* Tâmpa, a village in Băcia Commune, Hunedoara County* Tâmpa, a village in Miercurea Nirajului, Mureş County* Tâmpa, a mountain in Braşov city...
), Florida Territory
Florida Territory
The Territory of Florida was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 30, 1822, until March 3, 1845, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Florida...
, while his father was on active duty in the Army. He served as a midshipman
Midshipman
A midshipman is an officer cadet, or a commissioned officer of the lowest rank, in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Kenya...
in the United States Navy
United States Navy
The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest in the world; its battle fleet tonnage is greater than that of the next 13 largest navies combined. The U.S...
during the Mexican-American War, and resigned in 1850. Thereafter, McIntosh was in business in New Brunswick, New Jersey
New Brunswick, New Jersey
New Brunswick is a city in Middlesex County, New Jersey, USA. It is the county seat and the home of Rutgers University. The city is located on the Northeast Corridor rail line, southwest of Manhattan, on the southern bank of the Raritan River. At the 2010 United States Census, the population of...
.
Civil War service
At the outbreak of the Civil War, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Cavalry. He was promoted to first lieutenantFirst Lieutenant
First lieutenant is a military rank and, in some forces, an appointment.The rank of lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations , but the majority of cases it is common for it to be sub-divided into a senior and junior rank...
in April 1862 and served in the Seven Days Battles
Seven Days Battles
The Seven Days Battles was a series of six major battles over the seven days from June 25 to July 1, 1862, near Richmond, Virginia during the American Civil War. Confederate General Robert E. Lee drove the invading Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, away from...
, and the Battle of Antietam
Battle of Antietam
The Battle of Antietam , fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek, as part of the Maryland Campaign, was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with about 23,000...
, receiving promotion to major
Major
Major is a rank of commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every military in the world.When used unhyphenated, in conjunction with no other indicator of rank, the term refers to the rank just senior to that of an Army captain and just below the rank of lieutenant colonel. ...
between the battles. McIntosh was commissioned colonel
Colonel (United States)
In the United States Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, colonel is a senior field grade military officer rank just above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general...
of the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry on November 15, 1862. In that role he rose to brigade command in the Cavalry Corps
Cavalry Corps (ACW)
Two corps of the Union Army were called Cavalry Corps during the American Civil War. One served with the Army of the Potomac; the other served in the various armies of the West.- Overview :...
of the Army of the Potomac
Army of the Potomac
The Army of the Potomac was the major Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War.-History:The Army of the Potomac was created in 1861, but was then only the size of a corps . Its nucleus was called the Army of Northeastern Virginia, under Brig. Gen...
. He led his brigade in the campaign culminating in the Battle of Chancellorsville
Battle of Chancellorsville
The Battle of Chancellorsville was a major battle of the American Civil War, and the principal engagement of the Chancellorsville Campaign. It was fought from April 30 to May 6, 1863, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near the village of Chancellorsville. Two related battles were fought nearby on...
, winning plaudits from division commander Brig. Gen.
Brigadier general (United States)
A brigadier general in the United States Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, is a one-star general officer, with the pay grade of O-7. Brigadier general ranks above a colonel and below major general. Brigadier general is equivalent to the rank of rear admiral in the other uniformed...
William W. Averell
William W. Averell
William Woods Averell was a career United States Army officer and a cavalry general in the American Civil War. After the war he was a diplomat and became wealthy by inventing American asphalt pavement.-Early years:...
.
When Maj. Gen.
Major general (United States)
In the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force, major general is a two-star general-officer rank, with the pay grade of O-8. Major general ranks above brigadier general and below lieutenant general...
Alfred Pleasonton
Alfred Pleasonton
Alfred Pleasonton was a United States Army officer and General of Union cavalry during the American Civil War. He commanded the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac during the Gettysburg Campaign, including the largest predominantly cavalry battle of the war, Brandy Station...
reorganized the Cavalry Corps following the Battle of Brandy Station
Battle of Brandy Station
The Battle of Brandy Station, also called the Battle of Fleetwood Hill, was the largest predominantly cavalry engagement of the American Civil War, as well as the largest to take place ever on American soil. It was fought at the beginning of the Gettysburg Campaign by the Union cavalry under Maj....
, McIntosh became a brigade commander in the second division led by Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg. McIntosh was ill after Chancellorsville, but he was present when Gregg's division fought at the Battle of Gettysburg
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg , was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War, it is often described as the war's turning point. Union Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade's Army of the Potomac...
. He distinguished himself in the fight
Battle of Gettysburg, Third Day cavalry battles
The history of the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg has focused on the disastrous infantry assault nicknamed Pickett's Charge...
against J.E.B. Stuart
J.E.B. Stuart
James Ewell Brown "Jeb" Stuart was a U.S. Army officer from Virginia and a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War. He was known to his friends as "Jeb", from the initials of his given names. Stuart was a cavalry commander known for his mastery of reconnaissance and the use...
on East Cavalry Field on July 3, 1863. When a Confederate attack led by Maj. Gen. Wade Hampton
Wade Hampton III
Wade Hampton III was a Confederate cavalry leader during the American Civil War and afterward a politician from South Carolina, serving as its 77th Governor and as a U.S...
was at its height, McIntosh led some of his men in a flank attack on the attacking troopers. McIntosh was injured by a fall from a horse in September 1863; and, after recovering from his injury, he was on duty in the defenses of Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
, in XXII Corps
XXII Corps (ACW)
XXII Corps was a corps in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was created on February 2, 1863, to consist of all troops garrisoned in Washington, D.C., and included three infantry divisions and one of cavalry...
until May 1864.
McIntosh returned to the Army of the Potomac in time to be assigned a brigade in the third cavalry division of Brig. Gen. James H. Wilson
James H. Wilson
James Harrison Wilson was a United States Army topographic engineer, a Union Army Major General in the American Civil War and later wars, a railroad executive, and author.-Early life and engineering:...
during the Battle of the Wilderness
Battle of the Wilderness
The Battle of the Wilderness, fought May 5–7, 1864, was the first battle of Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's 1864 Virginia Overland Campaign against Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. Both armies suffered heavy casualties, a harbinger of a bloody war of attrition by...
. He continued in command in the operations of Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan
Philip Sheridan
Philip Henry Sheridan was a career United States Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War. His career was noted for his rapid rise to major general and his close association with Lt. Gen. Ulysses S...
, including the beginning of the latter's Shenandoah Valley Campaign
Valley Campaigns of 1864
The Valley Campaigns of 1864 were American Civil War operations and battles that took place in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia from May to October 1864. Military historians divide this period into three separate campaigns, but it is useful to consider the three together and how they...
. McIntosh lost a leg because of a wound he received at the Third Battle of Winchester
Battle of Opequon
The Battle of Opequon, more commonly known as the Third Battle of Winchester, was fought in Winchester, Virginia, on September 19, 1864, during the Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War....
on September 6, 1864. Later he received brevet
Brevet (military)
In many of the world's military establishments, brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily, but usually without receiving the pay of that higher rank except when actually serving in that role. An officer so promoted may be referred to as being...
promotions of the ranks of major general, U. S. Volunteers, brigadier general, U.S. Army (regular army), and major general, U.S. Army. He retired from the army in 1870.
McIntosh died in New Brunswick. He is buried there in the Elmwood Cemetery
Elmwood Cemetery, New Brunswick, New Jersey
The Elmwood Cemetery is located in New Brunswick, New Jersey on the border of North Brunswick, New Jersey. Joyce Kilmer who was buried in France, is honored by a cenotaph erected in his family's plot in the cemetery...
.
See also
- List of American Civil War generals