Johann Paul Schor
Encyclopedia
Johann Paul Schor known in Rome as "Giovanni Paolo Tedesco" (Tedesco literally means German in Italian), was an Austrian
artist. He was the preeminent designer of decorative arts in Baroque
Rome, providing drawings for state beds, fireworks, coaches, silver, textiles and even banquet setpieces executed in sugar. His numerous drawings have often been attributed in the past to Bernini.
, he was a member of an extended Tyrolese
artistic family, who received his training in the active studio of his father, Hans Schor. In 1640 he established himself in Rome. There, in 1654, he became a member of the Accademia di San Luca
, the artists' academy.
Influenced by Bernini
and Pietro da Cortona
, the originality of his designs and his versatility gained him a prominent position among artists, patrons and craftsmen in Rome: "he united in his work the highly expressive artistic legacies of Cortona and Bernini with a calligraphic freedom, apparently stemming from Callot
and Stefano Della Bella
, which at times seems to foreshadow the rococo" (Hibbard 1958:205.) Under Cortona he helped decorate the Palazzo del Quirinale for Pope Alexander VII
Chigi. In 1659, the pope also commissioned Schor to execute Bernini's designs for rebuilding of the Chigi family chapel (Capella della Madonna del Voto in the Duomo di Siena
. In Rome, Schor assisted Bernini, in the gilt-bronze encasing of the Chair of Saint Peter
( Lanciani 1892), and other projects in the late 1650s and 1660s. (Hibbar 1958:205 note 10). Perhaps his most prominent undertaking was the baldacchino
in Santo Spirito in Sassia
.
Schor also helped decorate rooms of the Vatican and in Palazzo Borghese
, where he collaborated with Carlo Rainaldi
on the fountain for the nympheum in the courtyard, depicting Venus at the Bath. He supplied illusionistic quadratura suggesting sculptural enframements for ceilings at Palazzo Colonna
, (1665-1668), where the painted subjects were provided by Giovanni Coli
and Filippo Gherardi
( Kellermann 1924, 155-156))
Limitations as a graphic artist might be suggested by the frontispiece that he provided for Athanasius Kircher
's Musurgia Universalis, 1650, but there, doubtless the composition was overloaded by the allegorical program provided by Kircher himself http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/nov2002.html. When working on his own, his surviving drawings show more proficiency http://www.kekkodrawings.com/italian_Pages/2_1_014b.html.
In his workshop during the 1670s he employed a young Austrian draughtsman named Johann Bernhard Fischer
, who returned to Vienna and a career in which he was ennobled as Fischer von Erlach, the pre-eminent Viennese practitioner of High Baroque architecture.
Johann Paul Schor died at Rome in 1674.
Schor's sons Giovanni Paolo and Filippo continued his studio after his death. Both of them were among the Roman artisans taken to Naples by the new viceroy, Gasparo de Haro y Guzman, marqués del Carpio, in 1683. Among the viceroy's musicians was Alessandro Scarlatti
. Del Carpio himself had met all these artists through prince Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna, grand constable of Naples, while del Carpio was Spanish ambassador to the Holy See http://www.goldbergweb.com/en/magazine/composers/2002/12/326_2.php. In 1690 Cristoforo Schor made minor modifications to Martino Longhi
's facade of Sant'Antonio dei Portoghesi
http://roma.katolsk.no/antonioportoghesi.htm. Johann Ferdinand Schor was a studio assistant of Carlo Maratta
.
Austrians
Austrians are a nation and ethnic group, consisting of the population of the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states who share a common Austrian culture and Austrian descent....
artist. He was the preeminent designer of decorative arts in Baroque
Baroque
The Baroque is a period and the style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music...
Rome, providing drawings for state beds, fireworks, coaches, silver, textiles and even banquet setpieces executed in sugar. His numerous drawings have often been attributed in the past to Bernini.
Biography
Born in InnsbruckInnsbruck
- Main sights :- Buildings :*Golden Roof*Kaiserliche Hofburg *Hofkirche with the cenotaph of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor*Altes Landhaus...
, he was a member of an extended Tyrolese
County of Tyrol
The County of Tyrol, Princely County from 1504, was a State of the Holy Roman Empire, from 1814 a province of the Austrian Empire and from 1867 a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary...
artistic family, who received his training in the active studio of his father, Hans Schor. In 1640 he established himself in Rome. There, in 1654, he became a member of the Accademia di San Luca
Accademia di San Luca
The Accademia di San Luca, was founded in 1577 as an association of artists in Rome, under the directorship of Federico Zuccari, with the purpose of elevating the work of "artists", which included painters, sculptors and architects, above that of mere craftsmen. Other founders included Girolamo...
, the artists' academy.
Influenced by Bernini
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Gian Lorenzo Bernini was an Italian artist who worked principally in Rome. He was the leading sculptor of his age and also a prominent architect...
and Pietro da Cortona
Pietro da Cortona
Pietro da Cortona, by the name of Pietro Berrettini, born Pietro Berrettini da Cortona, was the leading Italian Baroque painter of his time and also one of the key architects in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture. He was also an important decorator...
, the originality of his designs and his versatility gained him a prominent position among artists, patrons and craftsmen in Rome: "he united in his work the highly expressive artistic legacies of Cortona and Bernini with a calligraphic freedom, apparently stemming from Callot
Jacques Callot
Jacques Callot was a baroque printmaker and draftsman from the Duchy of Lorraine . He is an important figure in the development of the old master print...
and Stefano Della Bella
Stefano della Bella
Stefano della Bella was an Italian draughtsman and printmaker known for etchings of a great variety of subjects, including military and court scenes, landscapes, and lively genre scenes...
, which at times seems to foreshadow the rococo" (Hibbard 1958:205.) Under Cortona he helped decorate the Palazzo del Quirinale for Pope Alexander VII
Pope Alexander VII
Pope Alexander VII , born Fabio Chigi, was Pope from 7 April 1655, until his death.- Early life :Born in Siena, a member of the illustrious banking family of Chigi and a great-nephew of Pope Paul V , he was privately tutored and eventually received doctorates of philosophy, law, and theology from...
Chigi. In 1659, the pope also commissioned Schor to execute Bernini's designs for rebuilding of the Chigi family chapel (Capella della Madonna del Voto in the Duomo di Siena
Duomo di Siena
The Cathedral of Siena , dedicated from its earliest days as a Roman Catholic Marian church and now to Santa Maria Assunta , is a medieval church in Siena, central Italy....
. In Rome, Schor assisted Bernini, in the gilt-bronze encasing of the Chair of Saint Peter
Chair of Saint Peter
The Chair of Saint Peter is a relic conserved in St. Peter's Basilica, enclosed in a gilt bronze casing that was designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini and executed 1647-53....
( Lanciani 1892), and other projects in the late 1650s and 1660s. (Hibbar 1958:205 note 10). Perhaps his most prominent undertaking was the baldacchino
Baldachin
A baldachin, or baldaquin , is a canopy of state over an altar or throne. It had its beginnings as a cloth canopy, but in other cases it is a sturdy, permanent architectural feature, particularly over high altars in cathedrals, where such a structure is more correctly called a ciborium when it is...
in Santo Spirito in Sassia
Santo Spirito in Sassia
Santo Spirito in Sassia is a 12th century basilica church in Rome.It has been erected in Borgo Santo Spirito, a street which got its name from the church, placed in the southern part of Rione Borgo....
.
Schor also helped decorate rooms of the Vatican and in Palazzo Borghese
Palazzo Borghese
Palazzo Borghese is a palace in Rome, Italy, the main seat of the Borghese family in. It was nicknamed il Cembalo due to its unusual trazezoidal groundplan; its shortest front faces the River Tiber...
, where he collaborated with Carlo Rainaldi
Carlo Rainaldi
Carlo Rainaldi was an Italian architect of the Baroque period.Born in Rome, Rainaldi was one of the leading architects of 17th century Rome, known for a certain grandeur in his designs. He worked at first with his father, Girolamo Rainaldi, a late Mannerist architect in Rome. After his father's...
on the fountain for the nympheum in the courtyard, depicting Venus at the Bath. He supplied illusionistic quadratura suggesting sculptural enframements for ceilings at Palazzo Colonna
Palazzo Colonna
The Palazzo Colonna is a palatial block of buildings in central Rome, Italy, at the base of the Quirinal Hill, and adjacent to the church of Santi Apostoli...
, (1665-1668), where the painted subjects were provided by Giovanni Coli
Giovanni Coli
Giovanni Coli was an Italian painter from Lucca, active in the Baroque style.He trained with Pietro Paolini in Lucca and then moved to Rome to work under Pietro da Cortona. He often worked alongside Filippo Gherardi. With Coli, Gherardi was initially a trainee of Pietro Paolini in Lucca...
and Filippo Gherardi
Filippo Gherardi
Filippo Gherardi was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.Born in Lucca, he was mostly active in Venice and Rome, where he became a member of the large studio of Pietro da Cortona, often working closely with Giovanni Coli. With Coli, Gherardi was initially a trainee of Pietro Paolini in Lucca...
( Kellermann 1924, 155-156))
Limitations as a graphic artist might be suggested by the frontispiece that he provided for Athanasius Kircher
Athanasius Kircher
Athanasius Kircher was a 17th century German Jesuit scholar who published around 40 works, most notably in the fields of oriental studies, geology, and medicine...
's Musurgia Universalis, 1650, but there, doubtless the composition was overloaded by the allegorical program provided by Kircher himself http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/nov2002.html. When working on his own, his surviving drawings show more proficiency http://www.kekkodrawings.com/italian_Pages/2_1_014b.html.
In his workshop during the 1670s he employed a young Austrian draughtsman named Johann Bernhard Fischer
Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach
----Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, born Johann Bernhard Fischer was probably the most influential Austrian architect of the Baroque period....
, who returned to Vienna and a career in which he was ennobled as Fischer von Erlach, the pre-eminent Viennese practitioner of High Baroque architecture.
Johann Paul Schor died at Rome in 1674.
Schor's sons Giovanni Paolo and Filippo continued his studio after his death. Both of them were among the Roman artisans taken to Naples by the new viceroy, Gasparo de Haro y Guzman, marqués del Carpio, in 1683. Among the viceroy's musicians was Alessandro Scarlatti
Alessandro Scarlatti
Alessandro Scarlatti was an Italian Baroque composer especially famous for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is considered the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera. He was the father of two other composers, Domenico Scarlatti and Pietro Filippo Scarlatti.-Life:Scarlatti was born in...
. Del Carpio himself had met all these artists through prince Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna, grand constable of Naples, while del Carpio was Spanish ambassador to the Holy See http://www.goldbergweb.com/en/magazine/composers/2002/12/326_2.php. In 1690 Cristoforo Schor made minor modifications to Martino Longhi
Martino Longhi
Martino Longhi is the name of two related architects in Rome:*Martino Longhi the Elder *Martino Longhi the Younger , son of Onorio Longhi and grandson of Martino the elder...
's facade of Sant'Antonio dei Portoghesi
Sant'Antonio dei Portoghesi
The church of Saint Anthony in Campo Marzio, known as Saint Anthony of the Portuguese , is a Baroque roman catholic titular church in Rome, dedicated to Saint Anthony of Lisbon.Established as titulus S...
http://roma.katolsk.no/antonioportoghesi.htm. Johann Ferdinand Schor was a studio assistant of Carlo Maratta
Carlo Maratta
Carlo Maratta or Maratti was an Italian painter, active mostly in Rome, and known principally for his classicizing paintings executed in a Late Baroque Classical manner. Although he is part of the classical tradition stemming from Raphael, he was not exempt from the influence of Baroque painting...
.