Jiu Yin Zhen Jing
Encyclopedia
The Jiuyin Zhenjing, also known as the Nine Yin Manual, is a fictional martial arts manual from Jin Yong's Condor Trilogy
Condor Trilogy
The Condor Trilogy is a trilogy of three wuxia novels by Jin Yong.The novels in the trilogy are:*The Legend of the Condor Heroes *The Return of the Condor Heroes...

.

Compilation history

The Nine Yin Manual is a compilation of numerous scrolls and ancient scriptures pertaining to psychic powers, healing techniques, martial arts classics and Taoist philosophy. It is compiled by Huang Shang (黃裳) on the orders of Emperor Huizong during the Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...

. Huang's compendium became the first volume of the manual. During the compilation process, Huang enriched himself with Taoist knowledge and the principles of inner energy
Neigong
Neigong, also spelled nei kung, neigung, or nae gong, refers to any of a set of Chinese breathing, meditation and spiritual practice disciplines associated with Daoism and especially the Chinese martial arts...

 and qi
Qi
In traditional Chinese culture, qì is an active principle forming part of any living thing. Qi is frequently translated as life energy, lifeforce, or energy flow. Qi is the central underlying principle in traditional Chinese medicine and martial arts...

. When combined with Huang's high level of intelligence, the knowledge he acquired during the compilation transformed him into an extremely powerful pugilist.

Soon after, the emperor appointed Huang to lead an army to eradicate the Ming Cult
Ming Cult
The Ming Cult is a fictional cult and martial arts sect based on the actual Gnostic religion Manichaeism. It plays an important role in Jin Yong's The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber of all wuxia fiction works. It is also briefly mentioned in The Legend of the Condor Heroes as well...

, sect which has its origins in Persia that has been involved in a number of anti-government activities. The Song army engages the cult in a fierce battle but fails to capture the cult's fortress. Huang fights with the cult's best fighters one-on-one and he slays every single one of them until he is forced to retreat due to exhaustion. In retaliation, the Ming Cult despatched its surviving best fighters to kill Huang's family for revenge.

Huang is enraged and he vows to destroy the cult. For the next four decades, Huang dedicated himself to experimenting with new techniques to counter those of the Ming Cult's martial arts. As many of the cult's members are affiliated with other sects, Huang had to develop new techniques which are capable of countering the moves of other sects' martial arts as well.

Huang succeeded in accomplishing his herculean task but his enemies had died during those four decades. Huang wrote the second volume of the manual, detailing his experiences and the new techniques and moves he had developed and innovated during his 40 years of study.

First martial arts contest on Mount Hua

The Nine Yin Manual is lost for several years after Huang Shang's death. When it reappears in the jianghu
Jianghu
The jianghu is the milieu, environment, or sub-community, often fictional, in which many Chinese wuxia stories are set.In modern Chinese culture, jianghu is commonly accepted as an alternative universe coexisting with the actual historical one in which the context of the wuxia genre was set...

, it induces chaos as pugilists compete fiercely with each other to seize possession of the anthology of martial arts. Numerous lives were lost due to the ensuing chaos caused by the obsession with the manual. To prevent further bloodshed, the pugilists decide to stage a martial arts contest on Mount Hua
Mount Hua
Mount Hua or Hua Shan in Chinese is located in Shaanxi Province, about 120 kilometres east of the city of Xi'an, near the city Huayin in China. Also known as Xiyuè, Western Great Mountain, it is one of China's Five Sacred Taoist Mountains, and has a long history of religious significance...

 to determine who will be the manual's rightful owner. The Five Greats - "Central Divine" Wang Chongyang
Wang Chongyang
Wang Chongyang [Chinese calendar: 宋徽宗政和二年十二月廿二 – 金世宗大定十年正月初四] was a Chinese Taoist and one of the founders of the Quanzhen School in the twelfth century during the Song Dynasty. He was one of the Five Northern Patriarchs of Quanzhen...

, "Eastern Heretic" Huang Yaoshi
Huang Yaoshi
Huang Yaoshi is a fictional character in Jin Yong's Condor Trilogy. He appears in the first two novels The Legend of the Condor Heroes and The Return of the Condor Heroes as a supporting character....

, "Western Venom" Ouyang Feng
Ouyang Feng
Ouyang Feng is a fictional character in Jin Yong's wuxia novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes and its sequel The Return of the Condor Heroes...

, "Northern Beggar" Hong Qigong
Hong Qigong
Hong Qigong is a fictional character in Jin Yong's wuxia novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes and its sequel The Return of the Condor Heroes...

 and "Southern Emperor" Duan Zhixing
Duan Zhixing
Duan Zhixing was the 18th ruler of the Kingdom of Dali between 1172 and 1200. Duan's reign was marred by the power struggles within the influential Gao family, whose power had long eclipsed the ruling Duan family.-Reign:...

 gather on Mount Hua and agree that the champion of the contest will gain sole possession of the manual.

After an intense competition which lasted for seven days, Wang emerges as overall champion and wins the manual for himself. Wang incorporates some of the manual's underlying principles into the martial arts of his Quanzhen Sect
Quanzhen School
The Quanzhen School of Taoism originated in Northern China. It was founded by the Taoist Wang Chongyang in the 12th century, during the rise of the Jin Dynasty...

, most notably being the Big Dipper Formation. He leaves a part of the manual which holds the key to defeating the skills of the Ancient Tomb Sect
Ancient Tomb Sect
The Ancient Tomb Sect is a fictional Chinese martial arts sect featured in Jin Yong's wuxia novel The Return of the Condor Heroes. It plays a significant role in the character development of the protagonists, Yang Guo and Xiaolongnü...

 in the tomb of his former lover and rival, Lin Chaoying.

Before his death, Wang passed the manual to his junior, Zhou Botong
Zhou Botong
Zhou Botong is a fictional character in the wuxia novels The Legend of the Condor Heroes and The Return of the Condor Heroes by Jin Yong....

, warning Zhou not to let the manual fall into the wrong hands. Ouyang Feng had previously attempted to seize the manual during Wang's funeral after Wang's apparent death. However, Wang was still alive then and he caught Ouyang completely by surprise. Ouyang was defeated and he retreated. Wang also laid down a regulation that no member of Quanzhen is permitted to learn and use any of the skills in the manual.

Peach Blossom Island

After Wang Chongyang's death, Zhou Botong travels to Peach Blossom Island where Huang Yaoshi
Huang Yaoshi
Huang Yaoshi is a fictional character in Jin Yong's Condor Trilogy. He appears in the first two novels The Legend of the Condor Heroes and The Return of the Condor Heroes as a supporting character....

 lives, to warn Huang not to think about stealing the manual. Huang tricks Zhou into allowing his wife, Feng Heng, to have a glance at the manual. Feng is reputed to have an eidetic memory and she memorises the text of the second volume after browsing through it once. She lies to Zhou that the manual is worthless, by reciting the text and claiming that it came from a book of childish rites she had read before. Zhou believes her and destroys the book in anger.

Feng writes the second volume of the manual from memory for her husband after Zhou left. Two years later, Huang's disciples, Chen Xuanfeng and Mei Chaofeng, decide to elope as they fear that their teacher might oppose their love relationship. They steal the copy of the manual and flee from Peach Blossom Island. Huang is furious when he finds out and he breaks the legs of his other disciples in anger and banishes them from the island. Feng attempts to write another copy for her husband but it is too much of a strain for her in her pregnancy then. She dies after giving birth to their daughter, Huang Rong
Huang Rong
Huang Rong is a fictional character in the wuxia novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes by Jin Yong. She plays a supporting role in the sequel The Return of the Condor Heroes.-Character description:...

. Huang Yaoshi is filled with grief and he vows to kill anyone who dares to learn anything from that manual which took the life of his beloved wife.

Meanwhile, Zhou Botong realises that he has been fooled by Huang Yaoshi and he returns to Peach Blossom Island to confront Huang. He keeps pestering and harassing Huang to hand over the manual to him. Huang is unable to defeat Zhou and he can only keep Zhou on his island as a captive by preventing Zhou from leaving the island for the next 15 years. As for Chen Xuanfeng and Mei Chaofeng, they start practising the skills in the manual. However, they make a wrong interpretation of the manual's underlying principles and master an unorthodox version of a skill known as "Nine Yin White Bone Claw" (九陰白骨爪). The evil skill requires human sacrifice during practice and instills fear in many pugilists by mere mention of its name. Apart from that, the couple also learn the "Heart-shattering Palm" (摧心掌) and Mei masters the "White Boa Whip Skill" (白蟒鞭法). Chen and Mei become known as "Twin Killers in the Dark Wind" for using the skill to commit several atrocities and terrorize the jianghu.

The couple settle in Mongolia to avoid pursuit from their enemies in China. They meet Guo Jing
Guo Jing
Guo Jing is the fictional protagonist of The Legend of the Condor Heroes, a wuxia novel by Jin Yong. He plays a supporting role in the sequel novel The Return of the Condor Heroes as well...

 and the Seven Freaks of Jiangnan and they engage in a fierce battle. Chen is stabbed and killed by the young Guo. Mei is blinded by Ke Zhen'e's poison darts during the battle but she manages to flee with her husband's dead body. As Chen had tattooed the text of the manual on his chest, Mei skins her dead husband and takes the grisly text with her. Later, she meets Yang Kang
Yang Kang
Yang Kang is the fictional antagonist and the foil to the protagonist, Guo Jing, in Jin Yong's wuxia novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes.-Birth and heritage:...

, who offers her shelter in an underground room in his house, and teaches him the "Nine Yin White Bone Claw" in return.

Guo Jing

Years later, Mei Chaofeng encounters Guo Jing and the Seven Freaks of Jiangnan again at Guiyun Manor on Lake Tai and they engage in a battle. Zhu Cong pickpockets Mei when she dusts her clothes after the fight and obtains the human skin copy of the manual and leaves it in Guo's possession.

When Guo goes to Peach Blossom Island to seek Huang Rong
Huang Rong
Huang Rong is a fictional character in the wuxia novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes by Jin Yong. She plays a supporting role in the sequel The Return of the Condor Heroes.-Character description:...

's hand-in-marriage, he meets Zhou Botong
Zhou Botong
Zhou Botong is a fictional character in the wuxia novels The Legend of the Condor Heroes and The Return of the Condor Heroes by Jin Yong....

 there and they become sworn brothers. Zhou still has with him a copy of the original first volume of the manual and he shares it with Guo. The first volume and the human skin copy of the second volume are then recompiled and imprinted in the memories of both of them. The manuals are destroyed later in the wake of a bitter argument.

Guo incorporates parts of the manual's skills into his own repertoire of martial arts and becomes an even more formidable pugilist. The power of his "Eighteen Dragon-subduing Palms" is enhanced after the Nine Yin Manual worked wonders by increasing his inner energy
Neigong
Neigong, also spelled nei kung, neigung, or nae gong, refers to any of a set of Chinese breathing, meditation and spiritual practice disciplines associated with Daoism and especially the Chinese martial arts...

. His future spouse, Huang Rong, also benefits from the manual as well. They also subsequently pass their knowledge to Yideng
Duan Zhixing
Duan Zhixing was the 18th ruler of the Kingdom of Dali between 1172 and 1200. Duan's reign was marred by the power struggles within the influential Gao family, whose power had long eclipsed the ruling Duan family.-Reign:...

, and their teacher, Hong Qigong
Hong Qigong
Hong Qigong is a fictional character in Jin Yong's wuxia novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes and its sequel The Return of the Condor Heroes...

, to help them recover from their respective injuries.

Many decades later, after realizing that Xiangyang
Xiangyang
Xiangzhou District is a district of Xiangyang, Hubei, China. The district itself was formerly known as Xiangyang. It was a city famous for the Siege of Xiangyang by invading forces of the Mongol-founded Yuan Dynasty...

 (and the Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...

) will eventually fall to the Mongol invaders
Battle of Xiangyang
The Battle of Xiangyang also known as the Battle of Xiangfan was a six-year battle between invading Yuan Dynasty armies founded by the Mongols and Southern Song forces between AD 1267 and 1273. After the battle, the victorious Yuan forces pushed farther into the Song heartland...

, Guo writes a copy of the Nine Yin Manual from memory and hides it inside the Heaven-reliant Sword (the third edition states that it is hidden on Peach Blossom Island instead). He gives this sword to his younger daughter, Guo Xiang, who will become the founder of the Emei Sect
Emei Sect
The Emei Sect is one of the leading orthodox Chinese martial arts sects in the jianghu in several works of wuxia fiction. Its home base is on Mount Emei in Sichuan...

 in the sequel novel.

Ouyang Feng

Ouyang Feng
Ouyang Feng
Ouyang Feng is a fictional character in Jin Yong's wuxia novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes and its sequel The Return of the Condor Heroes...

 forces Guo Jing to produce a copy of the manual for him in his bid to become the supreme pugilist in the wulin
Jianghu
The jianghu is the milieu, environment, or sub-community, often fictional, in which many Chinese wuxia stories are set.In modern Chinese culture, jianghu is commonly accepted as an alternative universe coexisting with the actual historical one in which the context of the wuxia genre was set...

. Guo writes a fake copy of the manual, with some changes to the text which are only noticeable to a really seasoned pugilist. Some numbers were changed and verses were written reversely.

When Huang is taken hostage by Ouyang later, Ouyang forces her to translate the last few verses in his copy obtained from Guo. Huang subtly changes the translated text and causes further complications to the manual in Ouyang's possession. The result of all those "edits", ironically, increases Ouyang's powers but it also turns him insane.

Emei Sect

Guo Xiang founds the Emei Sect
Emei Sect
The Emei Sect is one of the leading orthodox Chinese martial arts sects in the jianghu in several works of wuxia fiction. Its home base is on Mount Emei in Sichuan...

 and she is the only person who knows the secret within the Heaven-reliant Sword. The secret is only passed down from the sect's leader to her successor. A century later, Zhou Zhiruo
Zhou Zhiruo
Zhou Zhiruo is one of the two female lead characters in Jin Yong's wuxia novel The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber. Jin Yong describes Zhou's physical appearance as "beautiful, pure and free of worldly traits" .-Biography:...

 succeeds Miejue as leader of the sect and she is tasked with retrieving the secret manual in the sword to glorify Emei. Zhou breaks the sword by clashing it together with the Dragon-slaying Saber and obtains the Nine Yin Manual hidden in the sword. She practiced the shortcuts inscribed on the manual and instead, mastered the "Nine Yin White Bone Claw" and the "Heart-shattering Palm" just as the "Twin Killers in the Dark Wind" have done before, along with the "White Boa Whip Skill". Zhou also teaches the "Nine Yin White Bone Claw" to Wudang Sect
Wudang Sect
The Wudang Sect is a fictional Chinese martial arts sect featured in several works of wuxia fiction. It is one of the most famous and recognised orthodox and righteous sects in the jianghu. Its home base is in the Wudang Mountains...

's renegade, Song Qingshu.

Zhou encounters a descendant of the Condor Hero Couple (Yang Guo
Yang Guo
Yang Guo, style name Gaizhi , is the fictional protagonist of the wuxia novel The Return of the Condor Heroes by Jin Yong....

 and Xiaolongnü
Xiaolongnü
Xiaolongnü is the fictional female protagonist of Jin Yong's wuxia novel The Return of the Condor Heroes. The author describes her physical appearances as "skin as white as snow, beautiful and elegant beyond convention and cannot be underestimated, but appears cold and indifferent" .-Name:It is...

), the Yellow Dress Maiden, while wreaking havoc in the jianghu after Zhang Wuji
Zhang Wuji
Zhang Wuji is the fictional protagonist of the wuxia novel The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber by Jin Yong.-Early life:Zhang was born on Ice Fire Island to Zhang Cuishan and Yin Susu. He is named by his godfather, Xie Xun, in memory of Xie's deceased son, Xie Wuji...

 betrayed her love. The Maiden uses the pure martial arts from the Nine Yin Manual, and defeats Zhou easily. Later, after Zhou is injured by the "Xuanming Divine Palm" (玄明神掌), Zhang Wuji uses his "Nine Yang Divine Skill" to heal her, but it also negates her "Nine Yin Inner Energy".

However, years before Zhou finds the Nine Yin Manual, Ming Cult
Ming Cult
The Ming Cult is a fictional cult and martial arts sect based on the actual Gnostic religion Manichaeism. It plays an important role in Jin Yong's The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber of all wuxia fiction works. It is also briefly mentioned in The Legend of the Condor Heroes as well...

 member Chang Yuchun
Chang Yuchun
Chang Yuchun , style name Boren and pseudonym Yanheng , was a Chinese Muslim military general. He was a follower of the Ming Dynasty's founder, Zhu Yuanzhang, and contributed greatly to the founding of the dynasty...

 was injured by an unknown monk who works for the Yuan government
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...

, who used the "Heart-shattering Palm" on him. Chang's injury is so severe that he only manages to live until the age of 39.
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