Jiangshan dialect
Encyclopedia
Jiangshan dialect is a Southern Wu dialect, closely related to that of Quzhou
Quzhou dialect
Quzhou Dialect is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken in Quzhou.-Initials:-Rimes:There are at least the following rimes:姆 , 魚 , 爾 , 試 水 , 去 , 布 , 雨 家 , 謝 , 瓜 菜 , 快 走 , 會 包 , 表 勾 , 九 南 , 官 , 捐 變 三 , 慣...

. It is spoken in Jiangshan
Jiangshan
Jiangshan is a county-level city located in Quzhou prefecture, Zhejiang Province, China. Located about 250 kilometers southwest of Hangzhou, the provincial capital, it is the only county-level city in the prefecture. As of 1999, Jiangshan's population stood at 563,196. The city is named aptly:...

, a city in Quzhou
Quzhou
Quzhou is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Zhejiang province, China. Sitting on the upper course of the Qiantang River, it borders Hangzhou to the north, Jinhua to the east, Lishui to the southeast, and the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi and Anhui to the south the south, southwest and...

 prefecture.

Initials

  Labial
Labial consonant
Labial consonants are consonants in which one or both lips are the active articulator. This precludes linguolabials, in which the tip of the tongue reaches for the posterior side of the upper lip and which are considered coronals...

Dental Palatal
Palatal consonant
Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate...

Velar
Velar consonant
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum)....

Glottal
Glottal consonant
Glottal consonants, also called laryngeal consonants, are consonants articulated with the glottis. Many phoneticians consider them, or at least the so-called fricative, to be transitional states of the glottis without a point of articulation as other consonants have; in fact, some do not consider...

Nasal
Nasal consonant
A nasal consonant is a type of consonant produced with a lowered velum in the mouth, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. Examples of nasal consonants in English are and , in words such as nose and mouth.- Definition :...

m 馬 n 腦 ŋ 我
Plosive voiceless p 巴 t 豬 k 姜
aspirated
Aspiration (phonetics)
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin ...

pʰ 怕 tʰ 聽 kʰ 氣  
slack voice
Slack voice
The term slack voice describes the pronunciation of consonant or vowels with a glottal opening slightly wider than that occurring in modal voice. Such sounds are often referred to informally as lenis or half-voiced in the case of consonants...

b̥ 爬 d̥ 同 ɡ̊ 群  
Affricate
Affricate consonant
Affricates are consonants that begin as stops but release as a fricative rather than directly into the following vowel.- Samples :...

voiceless ts 再 tɕ 朱
aspirated
Aspiration (phonetics)
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin ...

tsʰ 寸 tɕʰ 唱  
slack voice
Slack voice
The term slack voice describes the pronunciation of consonant or vowels with a glottal opening slightly wider than that occurring in modal voice. Such sounds are often referred to informally as lenis or half-voiced in the case of consonants...

d̥z̥ 茶 d̥ʑ̊ 傳  
Fricative
Fricative consonant
Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of ; the back of the tongue against the soft palate, in the case of German , the final consonant of Bach; or...

voiceless f 夫 s 山 ɕ 心 h 曉
slack voice
Slack voice
The term slack voice describes the pronunciation of consonant or vowels with a glottal opening slightly wider than that occurring in modal voice. Such sounds are often referred to informally as lenis or half-voiced in the case of consonants...

v̥ 浮 z̥ 事 ʑ̊ 樹 ɦ 雲
Approximant
Approximant consonant
Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough or with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow. Therefore, approximants fall between fricatives, which do produce a turbulent airstream, and vowels, which produce no...

l 李

Rimes

耳[ør] 衣[ɦi] 無[vu] 雨[ɦy] 之[tsɨ]

拉[lɑ] 家[kiɑ] 瓦[ŋuɑ]

鞋[ɦæ] 也[ɦiæ] 快[khuæ]

天[thiɛ̃] 全[ʑyɛ̃]

開[khe] 會[kue]

哥[ko]

包[pɐɯ] 表[piɐɯ]

樓[lɯ] 秋[tɕhiɯ]

三[sã] 香[hiã] 關[kuã]

干[kɔ̃] 狀[ʑiɔ̃]

盤[bɐ̃] 官[kuɐ̃]

門[moŋ] 窮[ɡioŋ]

齒[tshɨə] 魚[ŋɯə]

金[kœ̃] 森[ɕyœ̃ ]

京[kiŋ] 春[tɕhyŋ]

八[paʔ] 學[ɦiaʔ] 擴[khuaʔ]

筆[pœʔ] 十[ʑyœʔ]

日[nəʔ] 習[ʑiɛʔ] 越[ɦyɛʔ]

月[ŋoʔ] 肉[ʑioʔ]

合[kɔʔ] 肉[ŋyɔʔ]

Tones

Jiangshan dialect is considered to have eight tones. However, since the tone split dating from Middle Chinese still depends on the voicing of the initial consonant, these constitute just three phonemic tones: pin, shang, and qu. (Ru syllables are phonemically toneless, as their distinctiveness lies in a final glottal stop.)

Yin Ping 陰平44 天空飛山

Yang Ping 陽平231 南來田皮

Yin Shang 陰上324 紙九火口

Yang Shang 陽上22 坐買有被

Yin Qu 陰去51 菜四送去

Yang Qu 陽去31 備洞路硬

Yin Ru 陰入45 七雪踢客

Yang Ru 陽入12 六肉白獨
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