Jean-Jacques Chevallier
Encyclopedia
Jean-Jacques Chevallier, (February 15, 1900 – May 23, 1983), was a 20th century French professor
, jurist
and historian
and Academician
. Professor at the Paris Faculty of Law and Economic Sciences, member of the Academy of Political and Moral Sciences (1964–1983), he left numerous works, in particular a major classic on "The Great Political Works from Machiavelli to Our Day" (Les grandes œuvres politiques : de Machiavel à nos jours), recently reissued with an update by Yves Guchet. Several subsequent historians in France have acknowledged his influence; Jean-Pierre Gross writes of "A chronological and historical account, in the tradition established by Jean-Jacques Chevallier".; said the French jurist Georges Lavau: "We had a few masters who had explored certain territories, almost in solitude: André Siegfried
, Raymond Aron
, Jean-Jacques Chevallier, Georges Burdeau, Jean Stoetzel."
, France
, the son of Jeanne Marie Demarquet and Joseph Rogatien Chevallier. His mother was a great-granddaughter of the Ecuadorian jurist José Fernández Salvador
and a grand-daughter of Charles Eloi Demarquet
, one of Bolivar's principal aides-de-camp. His father was a military officer who was ordered to French Indochina
the year after his son's birth and left a series of letters on Tonkin
(part of what is now Vietnam) and Laos
(collected and published in 1995).
During this same period, he was also a prize-winning athlete: In 1920, he was French University Champion in foot racing, winning the 400m, and again in 1921, winning the 100m, 400m and 400m high jump; that years, he also won the 200m in the France-Switzerland athletic international; in 1922, he was again university champion of France in the 100m, 400m, 400m high jump and relay race. In 1924, he was Lorraine champion in the 400m. In 1925 he was again university champion of France in the 400m.
In 1931, he published L'Évolution de l'Empire britannique, his first major work. He continued to publish a long list of well-received books over the years.
In 1943, he became a professor at the Paris Faculty of Law until retiring in October 1970. Originally he taught constitutional law; from 1957 he held the chair of the doctorate of the history of political ideas. From 1943 to 1967, he was also professor at the Ecole libre des Sciences Politiques - known familiarly as "Sciences Po" - then at the Institute of Political studies of Paris. From 1951 to 1956 he also taught constitutional law at the Hautes Études Commerciales
(HEC).
From 1950 to 1951 and 1951 to 1952, he was at Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study.
On March 2, 1964, he became a member of the Institut de France
in the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques. In 1972, he was president of this academy.
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
, jurist
Jurist
A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage...
and historian
Historian
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...
and Academician
Academician
The title Academician denotes a Full Member of an art, literary, or scientific academy.In many countries, it is an honorary title. There also exists a lower-rank title, variously translated Corresponding Member or Associate Member, .-Eastern Europe and China:"Academician" may also be a functional...
. Professor at the Paris Faculty of Law and Economic Sciences, member of the Academy of Political and Moral Sciences (1964–1983), he left numerous works, in particular a major classic on "The Great Political Works from Machiavelli to Our Day" (Les grandes œuvres politiques : de Machiavel à nos jours), recently reissued with an update by Yves Guchet. Several subsequent historians in France have acknowledged his influence; Jean-Pierre Gross writes of "A chronological and historical account, in the tradition established by Jean-Jacques Chevallier".; said the French jurist Georges Lavau: "We had a few masters who had explored certain territories, almost in solitude: André Siegfried
André Siegfried
André Siegfried was a French academic, geographer and political writer best known for his commentaries on American, Canadian, and British politics....
, Raymond Aron
Raymond Aron
Raymond-Claude-Ferdinand Aron was a French philosopher, sociologist, journalist and political scientist.He is best known for his 1955 book The Opium of the Intellectuals, the title of which inverts Karl Marx's claim that religion was the opium of the people -- in contrast, Aron argued that in...
, Jean-Jacques Chevallier, Georges Burdeau, Jean Stoetzel."
Family
Joseph Jean-Jacques Chevallier was born in ParisParis
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, the son of Jeanne Marie Demarquet and Joseph Rogatien Chevallier. His mother was a great-granddaughter of the Ecuadorian jurist José Fernández Salvador
José Fernández Salvador
José Fernández Salvador was an Ecuadorian politician and jurist, known as a "liberal among the criollos"...
and a grand-daughter of Charles Eloi Demarquet
Charles Eloi Demarquet
Charles Eloi Demarquet , was one of the principal aides-de-camp of Simón Bolívar . Originally a French officer, he fought for Napoleon, probably at Waterloo, and may have lost three fingers in that battle...
, one of Bolivar's principal aides-de-camp. His father was a military officer who was ordered to French Indochina
Indochina
The Indochinese peninsula, is a region in Southeast Asia. It lies roughly southwest of China, and east of India. The name has its origins in the French, Indochine, as a combination of the names of "China" and "India", and was adopted when French colonizers in Vietnam began expanding their territory...
the year after his son's birth and left a series of letters on Tonkin
Tonkin
Tonkin , also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of China's Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces, east of northern Laos, and west of the Gulf of Tonkin. Locally, it is known as Bắc Kỳ, meaning "Northern Region"...
(part of what is now Vietnam) and Laos
Laos
Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
(collected and published in 1995).
Education
Through his early twenties, he accumulated studies and degrees: from 1918-1921 at the Faculty of Law in Paris; in 1922, at the Institut de Haut Enseignement commercial de Nancy; in 1924 he received a doctorate in political and economic sciences at Nancy; in 1925 he received a doctorate in jurisprudence at Nancy and became a professor of public law (“agrégé de droit public”).During this same period, he was also a prize-winning athlete: In 1920, he was French University Champion in foot racing, winning the 400m, and again in 1921, winning the 100m, 400m and 400m high jump; that years, he also won the 200m in the France-Switzerland athletic international; in 1922, he was again university champion of France in the 100m, 400m, 400m high jump and relay race. In 1924, he was Lorraine champion in the 400m. In 1925 he was again university champion of France in the 400m.
Career
He then began a lifelong career as a professor, starting in 1926 at the Grenoble Faculty of Law (constitutional law and international public law). He remained at this faculty until 1942. Though he was named to the Paris Faculty in 1939, the mobilization of 1939 resulted in this being canceled.In 1931, he published L'Évolution de l'Empire britannique, his first major work. He continued to publish a long list of well-received books over the years.
In 1943, he became a professor at the Paris Faculty of Law until retiring in October 1970. Originally he taught constitutional law; from 1957 he held the chair of the doctorate of the history of political ideas. From 1943 to 1967, he was also professor at the Ecole libre des Sciences Politiques - known familiarly as "Sciences Po" - then at the Institute of Political studies of Paris. From 1951 to 1956 he also taught constitutional law at the Hautes Études Commerciales
Hautes Etudes Commerciales
Hautes Études Commerciales may refer to several business schools.*HEC Paris, France*HEC Lausanne, Switzerland*HEC Geneva, Switzerland*HEC Montréal, Canada*HEC Alger, Algiers*HECJF Paris, France...
(HEC).
From 1950 to 1951 and 1951 to 1952, he was at Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study.
On March 2, 1964, he became a member of the Institut de France
Institut de France
The Institut de France is a French learned society, grouping five académies, the most famous of which is the Académie française.The institute, located in Paris, manages approximately 1,000 foundations, as well as museums and chateaux open for visit. It also awards prizes and subsidies, which...
in the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques. In 1972, he was president of this academy.
Selected works
- Barnave : ou, Les deux faces de la Révolution, Presses universitaires de Grenoble, 1979, 366 p. ISBN 270610161X
- Histoire de la pensée politique, Payot, Paris, 2006, 895 p. ISBN 2-228-90127-X
- Histoire des institutions et des régimes politiques de la France de 1789 à nos jours, Dalloz, 1991 (8e éd.), 1028 p. ISBN 2247011837
- Histoire des institutions et des régimes politiques de la France de 1789 à 1958, Colin, Paris, 2001 (9e éd.), 748 p. ISBN 2247038247
- with Guy Carcassonne, Olivier Duhamel), La Ve république, 1958-2004 : histoire des institutions et des régimes politiques de la France, Colin, Paris, 2004 (11e éd. entirely revised), 595 p. ISBN 2247055788
- La Société des Nations britanniques (Académie de droit international de La Haye), Librairie du Recueil Sirey, Paris, 1939, 113 p.
- with Yves Guchet, Les grandes œuvres politiques : de Machiavel à nos jours, Colin, Collection « U », Paris, 2001 (nouv. éd.), 303 p. ISBN 2200261799
- L'Évolution de l'Empire britannique, Éditions internationales, Paris, 1930, 1068 p. en 2 vol.
- with Mario Albertini, Pierre Armaud, Henri Buch, L'Idée de nation, Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 1969, 232 p.