Jean-Baptiste Nompère de Champagny
Encyclopedia
Jean-Baptiste de Nompère de Champagny, 1st Duc de Cadore
(4 August 1756 – 3 July 1834) was a French
admiral and politician.
He was born in Roanne
, Loire
. Entering the French royal navy
in 1774, he fought through the war in America
and resigned in 1787. Elected député
by the noblesse of Forex to the Estates-General
in 1789, he went over to the Third Estate on the 21st of June and collaborated in the work of the National Constituent Assembly
, especially occupying himself with the reorganization of the navy.
A political career seems to have attracted him little; he remained in private life from 1791 to 1799, when Napoleon
named him member of the council of state. From July 1801 to August 1804 he was ambassador of France at Vienna
, and directed with great intelligence the incessant negotiations between the two courts.
In August 1804 Napoleon made him minister of the interior, and in this position, which he held for three years, he proved an administrator of the first order. In addition to the ordinary charges of his office, he had to direct the recruitment of the army, organize the Industrial Exhibition of 1808, and to complete the public works
undertaken in Paris and throughout France.
He was devoted to Napoleon, on whom he lavished adulation in his speeches. In August 1807 the Emperor chose him to succeed Talleyrand as minister for foreign affairs. He directed the annexation of the Papal States
in April 1808, worked to secure the abdication of Charles IV of Spain
in May 1808, negotiated the Peace of Vienna (1809) and the marriage of Napoleon.
The Emperor rewarded him with the rare hereditary of a duché grand-fief, Cadore (extinguished in 1893) in Friuli
, in Napoleon's own kingdom of Italy.
In April 1811 a quarrel with the Emperor led to his retirement, and he obtained the sinecure office of intendant general of the crown. In 1814, after the abdication, the Empress sent him on a fruitless mission to the Emperor of Austria
. Then he went over to the Bourbons
.
During the Hundred Days
he again joined Napoleon. This led to his exclusion by Louis XVIII
, but in 1819 he recovered his dignity of Peer of France
. He died in Paris in 1834.
By his marriage at Saint-Vincent-de-Boisset
on 22 January 1787 to Victoire Blandine Hue de Grosbois, as him born at Roanne, on 4 January 1770 and died in Paris on 4 February 1821, he had at least four sons who became men of distinction:
Cadore
Cadore is a "comunità montana" in the Italian region of Veneto, in the northernmost part of the province of Belluno bordering on Austria, the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. It is watered by the Piave River poured forth from the Carnic Alps...
(4 August 1756 – 3 July 1834) was a French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
admiral and politician.
He was born in Roanne
Roanne
Roanne is a commune in the Loire department in central France.It is located northwest of Lyon on the Loire River.-Economy:...
, Loire
Loire
Loire is an administrative department in the east-central part of France occupying the River Loire's upper reaches.-History:Loire was created in 1793 when after just 3½ years the young Rhône-et-Loire department was split into two. This was a response to counter-Revolutionary activities in Lyon...
. Entering the French royal navy
Navy
A navy is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake- or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions...
in 1774, he fought through the war in America
American Revolution
The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America...
and resigned in 1787. Elected député
Chamber of Deputies of France
Chamber of Deputies was the name given to several parliamentary bodies in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries:* 1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the Lower chamber of the French Parliament, elected by census suffrage.*...
by the noblesse of Forex to the Estates-General
Estates-General of 1789
The Estates-General of 1789 was the first meeting since 1614 of the French Estates-General, a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm: the nobility, the Church, and the common people...
in 1789, he went over to the Third Estate on the 21st of June and collaborated in the work of the National Constituent Assembly
National Constituent Assembly
The National Constituent Assembly was formed from the National Assembly on 9 July 1789, during the first stages of the French Revolution. It dissolved on 30 September 1791 and was succeeded by the Legislative Assembly.-Background:...
, especially occupying himself with the reorganization of the navy.
A political career seems to have attracted him little; he remained in private life from 1791 to 1799, when Napoleon
Napoleon I of France
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution.As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815...
named him member of the council of state. From July 1801 to August 1804 he was ambassador of France at Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, and directed with great intelligence the incessant negotiations between the two courts.
In August 1804 Napoleon made him minister of the interior, and in this position, which he held for three years, he proved an administrator of the first order. In addition to the ordinary charges of his office, he had to direct the recruitment of the army, organize the Industrial Exhibition of 1808, and to complete the public works
Public works
Public works are a broad category of projects, financed and constructed by the government, for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community...
undertaken in Paris and throughout France.
He was devoted to Napoleon, on whom he lavished adulation in his speeches. In August 1807 the Emperor chose him to succeed Talleyrand as minister for foreign affairs. He directed the annexation of the Papal States
Papal States
The Papal State, State of the Church, or Pontifical States were among the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia .The Papal States comprised territories under...
in April 1808, worked to secure the abdication of Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV was King of Spain from 14 December 1788 until his abdication on 19 March 1808.-Early life:...
in May 1808, negotiated the Peace of Vienna (1809) and the marriage of Napoleon.
The Emperor rewarded him with the rare hereditary of a duché grand-fief, Cadore (extinguished in 1893) in Friuli
Friuli
Friuli is an area of northeastern Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, i.e. the province of Udine, Pordenone, Gorizia, excluding Trieste...
, in Napoleon's own kingdom of Italy.
In April 1811 a quarrel with the Emperor led to his retirement, and he obtained the sinecure office of intendant general of the crown. In 1814, after the abdication, the Empress sent him on a fruitless mission to the Emperor of Austria
Emperor of Austria
The Emperor of Austria was a hereditary imperial title and position proclaimed in 1804 by the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and continually held by him and his heirs until the last emperor relinquished power in 1918. The emperors retained the title of...
. Then he went over to the Bourbons
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
.
During the Hundred Days
Hundred Days
The Hundred Days, sometimes known as the Hundred Days of Napoleon or Napoleon's Hundred Days for specificity, marked the period between Emperor Napoleon I of France's return from exile on Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815...
he again joined Napoleon. This led to his exclusion by Louis XVIII
Louis XVIII of France
Louis XVIII , known as "the Unavoidable", was King of France and of Navarre from 1814 to 1824, omitting the Hundred Days in 1815...
, but in 1819 he recovered his dignity of Peer of France
Peerage of France
The Peerage of France was a distinction within the French nobility which appeared in the Middle Ages. It was abolished in 1789 during the French Revolution, but it reappeared in 1814 at the time of the Bourbon Restoration which followed the fall of the First French Empire...
. He died in Paris in 1834.
By his marriage at Saint-Vincent-de-Boisset
Saint-Vincent-de-Boisset
Saint-Vincent-de-Boisset is a commune in the Loire department in central France.-References:*...
on 22 January 1787 to Victoire Blandine Hue de Grosbois, as him born at Roanne, on 4 January 1770 and died in Paris on 4 February 1821, he had at least four sons who became men of distinction:
- Louis Alix, 2nd Duke of Cadore (Saint-Vincent-de-Boisset, 11 January 1796 - Boulogne-sur-Seine, 27 January 1870), married in Paris, 17 May 1824 Caroline Elisabeth de Lagrange (Paris, 6 August 1806 - Paris, 1 September 1870)
- François (1804–1882) was a well-known author, who was made a member of the French Academy in 1869. His great work was a history of the Roman empireRoman EmpireThe Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
, in three parts, (1) Les Césars (1841–1843, 4 vols.), (2) Les Antonins (1863, 3 vols.), (3) Les Césars du IIIè siècle (1870, 3 vols.). - Napoleon (1806–1872) published a Traité de la police municipale in 4 volumes (1844–1861), and was a deputy in the Corps Législatif from 1852 to 1870.
- Jerome Paul (1809–1886) was also deputy in the Corps Législatif from 1853 to 1870, and was made honorary chamberlain in 1859. He worked at the official publication of the correspondence of Napoleon I.