Jatinegara
Encyclopedia
Jatinegara is a subdistrict
(kecamatan) of East Jakarta
, Jakarta
, Indonesia
. The boundaries of Jatinegara are Bekasi Barat Raya - Bekasi Timur Raya - I. Gusti Ngurah Rai Road to the north, Kali Sunter to the east, Kali Malang canal - Jakarta-Cikampek Tollway to the south, and Ciliwung River
to the west.
Jatinegara railway station
, one of the biggest railway station in Jakarta
, is located not in Jatinegara Subdistrict, but in Matraman
Subdistrict. The station is located on the boundary between the Subdistrict of Jatinegara and Matraman.
There is also an administrative village of Jatinegara located in Cakung
Subdistrict, but this is not related with the Subdistrict of Jatinegara.
exists in the area in the 17th century. The name Jatinegara came from Jatina Nagara which means "the might of the state", symbolizing the power of the princes of Banten to fight against the Dutch colonials.
During the Dutch colonial period, the area was known as Meester Cornelis, after Cornelis Senen, a Calvinist schoolmaster, preacher and landholder from Lontor Island (Banda Islands
). In 1656, Senen was granted a land along the Ciliwung
, with total area of 5 square kilometers, about 12 km southeast of the fort of Batavia. As a landlord, he received the title Meester. The land was used mainly for loggings. Meester Cornelis Senen died in 1661, but his name stuck to the territory and the area was known as Meester Cornelis since then.
During the 18th century, Meester Cornelis was known as a military territory, with residential areas, wide roads, and a rural character. A buffalo market, known for its "Thursday Market", was built in the old area of Meester Cornelis in 1706. A fort was built in 1734. The commander of the fort established an entertainment facilities around the fort, including a playhouse. In 1746, an encampment for soldiers who suffered from malaria
was built in this area because of its higher altitude and drier air quality.
An artillery school was built in 1805. In 1810, General Daendels (1762–1818) established this territory as the center of defense against a possible attack by the British. The main point of this defense system is the Meester Cornelis fort. British attack occurred in 1811. In 1820, the fort was transformed into a prison.
Meester Cornelis Military School was opened in 1852 and later closed in 1892. It was not the first military school in the Dutch East Indies
, but it was the most successful one. One third of the students were born in the colony, the majority came from the Netherlands, one tenth were other Europeans, mostly from Germany. Most students were from the middle class. The school was later closed because of financial problem: only one in three students graduated, so the costs per student were unacceptably high.
Since 19th century, Jatinegara has become one of Batavia's key transportation node. A horse tram was established in 1869. The tram connected Meester Cornelis to Kota Intan (the "Diamond City", the oldest Dutch settlement in Jakarta), via Harmoni. On 31 January 1873, the Dutch East Indian Railway Company established a railway from Meester Cornelis to Buitenzorg (now Bogor
). The focal point of this line is Meester Cornelis Station (now Jatinegara Station
), one of the four oldest railway stations in Jakarta. On 6 April 1875, a connection between Meester Cornelis and Batavia was inaugurated, establishing a railway connection which connects the old city of Batavia with Buitenzorg. In 1881, a steam-powered tram was established, connecting Kota Intan to what is now Jatinegara through Glodok, Harmoni, Pasar Baru, Pasar Senen and Kramat. On 6 April 1925, electric train was operated for the first time, serving 15.6 km route from Port Tanjung Priok-Jatinegara and 2.6 km route from Jatinegara to Manggarai. The numerous public transportation lines that served Jatinegara indicated the significance of this area at that time.
In 1905, Meester Cornelis is a town with its own council in 1905, just like Batavia. Meester Cornelis was first governed by a Resident-Assistant, and since 1922, Meester Cornelis was governed by a mayor. Some of these mayors are Mr. M. of Doorninck (1922–1932) and Mr. G. Pitlo (1933–1935). In 1935, Meester Cornelis was officially administered by the government of Batavia.
After the transfer of sovereignty to the Republic of Indonesia on 27 December 1949, Meester Cornelis was renamed Jatinegara.
Subdistricts of Indonesia
In Indonesia, a kecamatan or district is a subdivision of a regency or of a city . A district is itself divided into kelurahan or administrative villages....
(kecamatan) of East Jakarta
East Jakarta
East Jakarta is a city within Jakarta Special District, Indonesia. It had a population of 2,687,027 at the 2010, making it the most populous of the five cities within Jakarta....
, Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. The boundaries of Jatinegara are Bekasi Barat Raya - Bekasi Timur Raya - I. Gusti Ngurah Rai Road to the north, Kali Sunter to the east, Kali Malang canal - Jakarta-Cikampek Tollway to the south, and Ciliwung River
Ciliwung River
Ciliwung is a river that passes through Jakarta, Indonesia. The river flows from its source near Puncak on the highlands of West Java to the Jakarta Bay....
to the west.
Jatinegara railway station
Jatinegara Station
thumb|right|The front facade of the Jatinegara Station.Jatinegara Station is a railway station in Jakarta. The station is the main entrance to Jakarta from cities east of Jakarta. The station is located at Bekasi Barat Raya street at Jatinegara, East Jakarta. Jatinegara station is operated by the PT...
, one of the biggest railway station in Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
, is located not in Jatinegara Subdistrict, but in Matraman
Matraman
Matraman is a subdistrict of East Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. Matraman is the smallest Subdistrict of East Jakarta. The boundary of Matraman is Bekasi Barat Raya Road to the south, Prof Wiyoto Witono MSc Highway to the east, Pramuka Road to the north, and Ciliwung River to the west.-Kelurahan...
Subdistrict. The station is located on the boundary between the Subdistrict of Jatinegara and Matraman.
There is also an administrative village of Jatinegara located in Cakung
Cakung
Cakung is a subdistrict of East Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The subdistrict is roughly bounded with Bekasi Raya Road to the west, Bekasi Raya Road - Petukangan canal to the north, portion of Cakung river to the east, and Jakarta-Bandung-Surabaya railway to the south. Large area in Cakung is...
Subdistrict, but this is not related with the Subdistrict of Jatinegara.
History
A residence for the princes of the Sultanate of BantenSultanate of Banten
The Sultanate of Banten was founded in the 16th century and centered in Banten, a port city on the northwest coast of Java; the contemporary English spelling of both was Bantam...
exists in the area in the 17th century. The name Jatinegara came from Jatina Nagara which means "the might of the state", symbolizing the power of the princes of Banten to fight against the Dutch colonials.
During the Dutch colonial period, the area was known as Meester Cornelis, after Cornelis Senen, a Calvinist schoolmaster, preacher and landholder from Lontor Island (Banda Islands
Banda Islands
The Banda Islands are a volcanic group of ten small volcanic islands in the Banda Sea, about south of Seram Island and about east of Java, and are part of the Indonesian province of Maluku. The main town and administrative centre is Bandanaira, located on the island of the same name. They rise...
). In 1656, Senen was granted a land along the Ciliwung
Ciliwung River
Ciliwung is a river that passes through Jakarta, Indonesia. The river flows from its source near Puncak on the highlands of West Java to the Jakarta Bay....
, with total area of 5 square kilometers, about 12 km southeast of the fort of Batavia. As a landlord, he received the title Meester. The land was used mainly for loggings. Meester Cornelis Senen died in 1661, but his name stuck to the territory and the area was known as Meester Cornelis since then.
During the 18th century, Meester Cornelis was known as a military territory, with residential areas, wide roads, and a rural character. A buffalo market, known for its "Thursday Market", was built in the old area of Meester Cornelis in 1706. A fort was built in 1734. The commander of the fort established an entertainment facilities around the fort, including a playhouse. In 1746, an encampment for soldiers who suffered from malaria
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by eukaryotic protists of the genus Plasmodium. The disease results from the multiplication of Plasmodium parasites within red blood cells, causing symptoms that typically include fever and headache, in severe cases...
was built in this area because of its higher altitude and drier air quality.
An artillery school was built in 1805. In 1810, General Daendels (1762–1818) established this territory as the center of defense against a possible attack by the British. The main point of this defense system is the Meester Cornelis fort. British attack occurred in 1811. In 1820, the fort was transformed into a prison.
Meester Cornelis Military School was opened in 1852 and later closed in 1892. It was not the first military school in the Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies was a Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Netherlands government in 1800....
, but it was the most successful one. One third of the students were born in the colony, the majority came from the Netherlands, one tenth were other Europeans, mostly from Germany. Most students were from the middle class. The school was later closed because of financial problem: only one in three students graduated, so the costs per student were unacceptably high.
Since 19th century, Jatinegara has become one of Batavia's key transportation node. A horse tram was established in 1869. The tram connected Meester Cornelis to Kota Intan (the "Diamond City", the oldest Dutch settlement in Jakarta), via Harmoni. On 31 January 1873, the Dutch East Indian Railway Company established a railway from Meester Cornelis to Buitenzorg (now Bogor
Bogor
Bogor is a city on the island of Java in the West Java province of Indonesia. The city is located in the center of the Bogor Regency , 60 kilometers south of the Indonesian capital Jakarta...
). The focal point of this line is Meester Cornelis Station (now Jatinegara Station
Jatinegara Station
thumb|right|The front facade of the Jatinegara Station.Jatinegara Station is a railway station in Jakarta. The station is the main entrance to Jakarta from cities east of Jakarta. The station is located at Bekasi Barat Raya street at Jatinegara, East Jakarta. Jatinegara station is operated by the PT...
), one of the four oldest railway stations in Jakarta. On 6 April 1875, a connection between Meester Cornelis and Batavia was inaugurated, establishing a railway connection which connects the old city of Batavia with Buitenzorg. In 1881, a steam-powered tram was established, connecting Kota Intan to what is now Jatinegara through Glodok, Harmoni, Pasar Baru, Pasar Senen and Kramat. On 6 April 1925, electric train was operated for the first time, serving 15.6 km route from Port Tanjung Priok-Jatinegara and 2.6 km route from Jatinegara to Manggarai. The numerous public transportation lines that served Jatinegara indicated the significance of this area at that time.
In 1905, Meester Cornelis is a town with its own council in 1905, just like Batavia. Meester Cornelis was first governed by a Resident-Assistant, and since 1922, Meester Cornelis was governed by a mayor. Some of these mayors are Mr. M. of Doorninck (1922–1932) and Mr. G. Pitlo (1933–1935). In 1935, Meester Cornelis was officially administered by the government of Batavia.
After the transfer of sovereignty to the Republic of Indonesia on 27 December 1949, Meester Cornelis was renamed Jatinegara.
Kelurahan (Administrative Village)
The subdistrict of Jatinegara is divided into eight Kelurahan or Administrative Village:- Bali Mester - area code 13310
- Kampung Melayu - area code 13320
- Bidaracina - area code 13330
- Cipinang Cempedak - area code 13340
- Rawa Bunga - area code 13350
- Cipinang Besar Utara - area code 13410
- Cipinang Besar Selatan - area code 13410
- Cipinang Muara - area code 13420
List of important places
- Bethesda Church
- Cipinang Besar Cemetery (Chinese Cemetery)
- Jatinegara Regional Market
- Kampung Melayu Terminal
- Koinonia Church
- Mpu Tantular University