Januária, Princess Imperial of Brazil
Encyclopedia
Januária Maria of Braganza (ʒɐnuˈaɾiɐ mɐˈɾiɐ; Januária Maria Joana Carlota Leopoldina Cândida Francisca Xavier de Paula Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga; 11 March 1822 – 13 March 1901) was a Brazilian princess and Portuguese infanta (princess). She was the second daughter of Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal and his wife Maria Leopoldina, Archduchess of Austria. From 1835 until 1845, she held the title Princess Imperial of Brazil
, as the heir presumptive
of her brother Emperor Pedro II
.
was then a minor, and consideration was given to declaring her Regent, though this never materialized. As only a Brazilian member of the Imperial house could inherit the throne, it became critically important for marriages to be arranged for Januária Maria, Pedro II, and their sister Francisca.
Spouses for both Januária Maria and Pedro II were found in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
. Her marriage to Prince Louis of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Count of Aquila
(brother of Pedro II's new wife, Empress Teresa Cristina) was celebrated on 28 April 1844 in Rio de Janeiro
, Brazil
. Her husband was a son of Francis I of the Two Sicilies
and his second wife Maria Isabella of Spain
. Friction developed between the Count of Aquila and the Emperor, and Januária Maria and Aquila were eventually permitted to leave Brazil in October 1844. In 1845, Januária Maria's position as heir presumptive, and the restrictions it entailed, was lost with the birth of Pedro II's first child, Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil
.
The city of Januária
in Minas Gerais
was named in her honor. She died in Nice
in 1901.
Prince Imperial of Brazil
Prince Imperial of Brazil is the title created after the proclamation of independence of the Empire of Brazil, in 1822, to designate the heir apparent to the Brazilian imperial throne...
, as the heir presumptive
Heir Presumptive
An heir presumptive or heiress presumptive is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir or heiress apparent or of a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the position in question...
of her brother Emperor Pedro II
Pedro II of Brazil
Dom Pedro II , nicknamed "the Magnanimous", was the second and last ruler of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. Born in Rio de Janeiro, he was the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of...
.
Adult life
When her sister Maria went to Europe to be crowned queen of Portugal, Januária Maria became heir presumptive to the throne of the Empire of Brazil. Her younger brother Emperor Pedro IIPedro II of Brazil
Dom Pedro II , nicknamed "the Magnanimous", was the second and last ruler of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. Born in Rio de Janeiro, he was the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of...
was then a minor, and consideration was given to declaring her Regent, though this never materialized. As only a Brazilian member of the Imperial house could inherit the throne, it became critically important for marriages to be arranged for Januária Maria, Pedro II, and their sister Francisca.
Spouses for both Januária Maria and Pedro II were found in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, commonly known as the Two Sicilies even before formally coming into being, was the largest and wealthiest of the Italian states before Italian unification...
. Her marriage to Prince Louis of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Count of Aquila
Prince Louis, Count of Aquila
Prince Luigi Carlo Maria Giuseppe of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Count of Aquila was a member of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.-Family:...
(brother of Pedro II's new wife, Empress Teresa Cristina) was celebrated on 28 April 1844 in Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
, Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
. Her husband was a son of Francis I of the Two Sicilies
Francis I of the Two Sicilies
-Biography:Francis was born in Naples, the son of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and his wife Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria. He was also the nephew of Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI the last King and Queen of France before the first French Republic....
and his second wife Maria Isabella of Spain
Maria Isabella of Spain
María Isabella of Spain was an Infanta of Spain and the Queen of the Two Sicilies. She was the second wife of Francis I and the youngest surviving daughter of the Spanish king Charles IV and his consort Maria Luisa of Parma...
. Friction developed between the Count of Aquila and the Emperor, and Januária Maria and Aquila were eventually permitted to leave Brazil in October 1844. In 1845, Januária Maria's position as heir presumptive, and the restrictions it entailed, was lost with the birth of Pedro II's first child, Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil
Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil
Dom Afonso was the Prince Imperial and heir apparent to the throne of the Empire of Brazil. Born in Rio de Janeiro, he was the eldest child of Emperor Dom Pedro II and Dona Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganza...
.
The city of Januária
Januária
Januária, known as "The Queen of the Beautiful Waters" is a city and municipality in northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. It is located on the left bank of the São Francisco River...
in Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, of which it is the second most populous, the third richest, and the fourth largest in area. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, being one of them. The capital is the...
was named in her honor. She died in Nice
Nice
Nice is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348,721 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of more than 955,000 on an area of...
in 1901.
Children
Januária Maria and Louis had four children:- Prince Luigi, Count of Roccaguglielma (18 July 1845 – 27 November 1909). Luigi married morganaticallyMorganatic marriageIn the context of European royalty, a morganatic marriage is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which prevents the passage of the husband's titles and privileges to the wife and any children born of the marriage...
Maria Amelia Bellow-Hamel and had two children. - Princess Maria Isabella of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (22 July 1846 – 14 February 1859)
- Prince Filippo of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (12 August 1847 – 9 July 1922). Filippo also married morganatically Flora Boonen and had no children.
- Prince Maria Emanuele of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (24 January 1851 – 26 January 1851).
Titles and styles
- 1822–1835: Her Highness Princess Januária of Brazil, Infanta of Portugal
- 1835–1845: Her Imperial Highness The Princess Imperial of Brazil
- 1845–1897: Her Royal Highness The Countess of Aquila
- 1897–1901: Her Royal Highness The Dowager Countess of Aquila