Jackson Island
Encyclopedia
Jackson Island or Frederick Jackson Island is an island located in Franz Josef Land
, Russia
. This island is part of the Zichy Land
subgroup of the central part of the archipelago.
Jackson Island's east-west extension is about 40 km (24.9 mi), and the maximum distance from north to south is 30 km (18.6 mi).
On the northwest shore of the island is De Long Bay. Named after ill-fated American Arctic explorer George W. DeLong
, this bay separates the island into two almost even peninsulas. From the south this bay is bounded by Cape Bystrova, named in 1963 in honor of outstanding Russian paleontologist A.P. Bystrow.
Jackson Island is named in honor of English polar voyager Frederick Jackson
. He explored and named several islands, among other geographical features, in the Franz Josef archipelago
. The Jackson-Harmsworth Arctic Expedition (1894—1897) was sponsored by the Royal Geographical Society
.
and Hjalmar Johansen
wintered in 1895-96 after failing to reach the North Pole
. A hut and a wooden post still remain.
Franz Josef Land
Franz Josef Land, Franz Joseph Land, or Francis Joseph's Land is an archipelago located in the far north of Russia. It is found in the Arctic Ocean north of Novaya Zemlya and east of Svalbard, and is administered by Arkhangelsk Oblast. Franz Josef Land consists of 191 ice-covered islands with a...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. This island is part of the Zichy Land
Zichy Land
Zichy Land is a geographical subgroup of Franz Josef Land, Russian Federation.It is formed by the central cluster of large islands in the midst of the archipelago...
subgroup of the central part of the archipelago.
Jackson Island's east-west extension is about 40 km (24.9 mi), and the maximum distance from north to south is 30 km (18.6 mi).
On the northwest shore of the island is De Long Bay. Named after ill-fated American Arctic explorer George W. DeLong
George W. DeLong
George Washington DeLong was a United States Navy officer and explorer.- Biography :Born in New York City, he was educated at the United States Naval Academy in Newport, Rhode Island...
, this bay separates the island into two almost even peninsulas. From the south this bay is bounded by Cape Bystrova, named in 1963 in honor of outstanding Russian paleontologist A.P. Bystrow.
Jackson Island is named in honor of English polar voyager Frederick Jackson
Frederick George Jackson
Frederick George Jackson , British Arctic explorer, was educated at Denstone College and Edinburgh University.-Biography:...
. He explored and named several islands, among other geographical features, in the Franz Josef archipelago
Franz Josef Land
Franz Josef Land, Franz Joseph Land, or Francis Joseph's Land is an archipelago located in the far north of Russia. It is found in the Arctic Ocean north of Novaya Zemlya and east of Svalbard, and is administered by Arkhangelsk Oblast. Franz Josef Land consists of 191 ice-covered islands with a...
. The Jackson-Harmsworth Arctic Expedition (1894—1897) was sponsored by the Royal Geographical Society
Royal Geographical Society
The Royal Geographical Society is a British learned society founded in 1830 for the advancement of geographical sciences...
.
History
Cape Norway (81°12′N 55°37′E) on the western part of the island was where Fridtjof NansenFridtjof Nansen
Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen was a Norwegian explorer, scientist, diplomat, humanitarian and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In his youth a champion skier and ice skater, he led the team that made the first crossing of the Greenland interior in 1888, and won international fame after reaching a...
and Hjalmar Johansen
Hjalmar Johansen
Fredrik Hjalmar Johansen was a polar explorer from Norway. He shipped out with Fridtjof Nansen's Fram expedition in 1893–1896, and accompanied Nansen to notch a new Farthest North record near the North Pole on what was then the frozen Arctic Ocean...
wintered in 1895-96 after failing to reach the North Pole
North Pole
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is, subject to the caveats explained below, defined as the point in the northern hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface...
. A hut and a wooden post still remain.
Adjacent islands
- Ostrova Alexandra (Острова Александра; Alexander Islands) is a group of small islands located right off the northwestern tip of Jackson Island, close to the shore. This island group was named after Field Marshal Alexander von KrobatinAlexander von KrobatinAlexander Freiherr von Krobatin was an Austrian Field Marshal and Imperial Minister for War between 1912 and 1917.- Early life :...
(1849–1933), a supporter of the Austro-Hungarian North Pole ExpeditionAustro-Hungarian North Pole ExpeditionThe Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition was an expedition that ran from 1872–74 and discovered Franz-Josef Land. According to Julius von Payer, one of the leaders, the journey was to find the north-eastern passage. It actually explored the area northwest of Novaya Zemlya. According to the...
, who served as Austria-HungaryAustria-HungaryAustria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
's Minister of War from 1912-17. Ostrov Sputnik is located at lat 81° 21' N; long 55° 35' E. These small islands should not be confused with Alexandra LandAlexandra LandAlexandra Land is a large island located in Franz Josef Land, Russian Federation. Not counting detached and far-lying Victoria Island, it is the westernmost island of the Franz Josef Archipelago.The highest point of the island is...
located westwards in the same archipelago. - Ostrov Ommani (Остров Оммани; Ommanney Island) is a small crescent-shaped island located 11 km (6.8 mi) off the northwestern tip of Jackson Island. This island was named after Arctic veteran Sir Erasmus OmmanneyErasmus Ommanneythumb|right|Sir Erasmus OmmanneyAdmiral Sir Erasmus Ommanney KCB, FRS, FRGS, JP was a Royal Navy officer and an Arctic explorer of the Victorian era.-Early life:...
, who went in 1850 on the Austin and Ommaney Expedition, searching for Sir John Franklin. - Ostrov Kharly (Остров Харли; Harley Island) is a 10 km (6.2 mi) long and narrow island. It lies 15 km (9.3 mi) off Jackson Island's western shores. Highest point 82 m (269 ft). This island is named after Arctic explorer Daniel W. Harley, who went with Sir Albert Hastings MarkhamAlbert Hastings MarkhamAdmiral Sir Albert Hastings Markham, KCB was a British explorer, author, and officer in the Royal Navy. In 1903 he was made Knight Commander in the Order of the Bath...
on the HMS Alert in 1875–76. - Ostrov Levanevskogo (Остров Леваневского; Levanevsky Island) is a small island just 1 km (0.621372736649807 mi) south of Harley Island's southern tip. This island was named in honor of Soviet pilot Sigismund Levanevsky, sometimes called the "Russian Lindbergh", who got lost in the Arctic in 1937-38 and was never found.
- Ostrov Klyn (Остров Клинг; Kling Island) is a small island lying 4 km (2.5 mi) to the west of Jackson Island's southwestern tip. This island was named after Captain Alfred Kling who took part in the Wilhelm FilchnerWilhelm FilchnerWilhelm Filchner was a German explorer.At the age of 21, he participated in his first expedition, which led him to Russia. Two years later, he travelled alone and on horseback through the Pamir Mountains, from Osh to Murgabh to the upper Wakhan to Tashkurgan and back...
1911-1912 German expedition to the Antarctic. - Ostrov Nich (Остров Нич) is a small island located in the DeLong Bay.
- Off Jackson Island's eastern shore lie two small islands called Ostrova Mak-Gi (Острова Макги; Magee Islands). These were named after Billy Magee who accompanied Ernest Oberholtzer in his epic 1912 3000 miles (4,828 km) Arctic exploration trip.
- Ostrov Kverini (Остров Кверини; Querini Island) is an island located by the shore in the bay that lies on Jackson Island's southern coast. This island is named after Italian explorer Francesco Querini who heroically lost his life in the Cegni polar expedition of 1909.
External links
- Map of Jackson Island (in Russian). Red arrow indicates the position of Cap Bystrova.
- Arctic exploration (in Russian): http://209.85.175.104/search?q=cache:klzXg8PHRxwJ:www.arctic.org.ru/pdf/114-123.pdf+
- Alexander von Krobatin ( in German): :de:Alexander von Krobatin
- Erasmus Ommanney: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0016-7398(190502)25%3A2%3C221%3AOTAVSE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3
- Daniel W. Harley: http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.596/viewPage/2