JDTic is a drug that acts as an opioid

Opioid

An opioid is a psychoactive chemical that works by binding to opioid receptors, which are found principally in the central and peripheral nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract...

 antagonist, which is highly selective for the κ-opioid

Kappa Opioid receptor

The κ-opioid receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OPRK1 gene. The κ-opioid receptor is one of five related receptors that bind opium-like compounds in the brain and are responsible for mediating the effects of these compounds...

 receptor

Receptor (biochemistry)

In biochemistry, a receptor is a molecule found on the surface of a cell, which receives specific chemical signals from neighbouring cells or the wider environment within an organism...

, and blocks this receptor without affecting the μ-

Mu Opioid receptor

The μ-opioid receptors are a class of opioid receptors with high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin but low affinity for dynorphins. They are also referred to as μ opioid peptide receptors. The prototypical μ receptor agonist is the opium alkaloid morphine; μ refers to morphine...

 or δ-

Delta Opioid receptor

The δ-opioid receptors, also known as delta opioid receptor or simply delta receptor, abbreviated DOR, is an opioid receptor that has enkephalins as its endogenous ligands.-Function:...

opioid receptors. It is a 4-phenylpiperidine derivative, distantly structurally related to analgesic drugs such as meperidine and ketobemidone

Ketobemidone

Ketobemidone is a powerful opioid analgesic. Its effectiveness against pain is in the same range as morphine, and it also has some NMDA-antagonist properties imparted by it's metabolite norketobemidone. This makes it useful for some types of pain that don't respond well to other opioids...

, and more closely to the mu opioid antagonist alvimopan

Alvimopan

Alvimopan is a drug which behaves as a peripherally acting μ-opioid antagonist. With limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, many of the undesirable side-effects of the opioid agonists such as constipation are minimized without affecting analgesia or precipitating withdrawals...

, and is structurally distinct from other kappa antagonists such as norbinaltorphimine

Norbinaltorphimine

Norbinaltorphimine is an opioid antagonist used in scientific research. It is one of the few opioid antagonists available that is highly selective for the κ-opioid receptor, and blocks this receptor without affecting the μ- or δ-opioid receptors, although it has less selectivity in vivo than when...

. It has a very long duration of action, with effects in animals seen for up to several weeks after administration of a single dose, although its binding to the kappa opioid receptor is not irreversible and its long-acting effects are instead caused by altered activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinases

C-Jun N-terminal kinases

c-Jun N-terminal kinases , were originally identified as kinases that bind and phosphorylate c-Jun on Ser-63 and Ser-73 within its transcriptional activation domain. They belong to the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, and are responsive to stress stimuli, such as cytokines, ultraviolet...

. Animal studies suggest that it may produce antidepressant

Antidepressant

An antidepressant is a psychiatric medication used to alleviate mood disorders, such as major depression and dysthymia and anxiety disorders such as social anxiety disorder. According to Gelder, Mayou &*Geddes people with a depressive illness will experience a therapeutic effect to their mood;...

 and anxiolytic

Anxiolytic

An anxiolytic is a drug used for the treatment of anxiety, and its related psychological and physical symptoms...

 effects, as well as having possible application in the treatment of addiction

Substance dependence

The section about substance dependence in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders does not use the word addiction at all. It explains:...

 to cocaine

Cocaine

Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. The name comes from "coca" in addition to the alkaloid suffix -ine, forming cocaine. It is a stimulant of the central nervous system, an appetite suppressant, and a topical anesthetic...

 and morphine

Morphine

Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic medication and is considered to be the prototypical opioid. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by same in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more...

.