Ivor Philipps
Encyclopedia
Major-General Sir Ivor Philipps KCB, DSO (9 September 1861 – 15 August 1940) was an English officer in the British Indian Army
and a Liberal Party
politician. He held a seat in the House of Commons from 1906 to 1922.
.
His older brother John
(1860–1938) was a Liberal Party politician who became Baron St Davids
in 1908 and Viscount St Davids
in 1918; his younger brothers include Lord Kylsant
and Lord Milford
.
He was educated at Felsted School
, and served in the military from 1881 to 1883.
in 1883 as a Lieutenant
, and was promoted to Major
in 1901. He fought in the Anglo-Burmese War
from 1885 to 1889, in the Miranzai Expedition in 1891, the Isazai Expedition in 1892, with the Tirah Field Force from 1897 to 1898, and served in China from 1900 to 1901 as Quartermaster-General. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in 1900.
He retired from the army in 1903, and joined the Pembrokeshire Yeomanry as second-in-command, becoming commander from 1908 to 1912.
On the outbrdeak of World War I
he initially served in the War Office
, and in November 1914 he was promoted to Brigadier-General in command of the 115th Brigade. In January 1916 he took command of the 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division, bringing the dvision to France, and after a break while he held ministerial office in London he led the division during the first assault on Mametz Wood, at the Battle of the Somme in 1916.
, Philipps was elected as a Member of Parliament
(MP) for Southampton
. At each of the previous two general elections, the city's two parliamentary seats had been won a Conservative
and a Liberal Unionist
; in 1906 the Liberals won both seats. Philipps was re-elected in Southampton at both the January 1910 and December 1910 general elections, along with his fellow Liberal William Dudley Ward
. He served in 1915 as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Munitions, and was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1917.
At the post-war
1918 general election
, both Philipps and Ward were re-elected as Coalition Liberals, i.e. as holders of the "coalition coupon
", a sent to parliamentary candidates at the 1918 election endorsing them as official representatives of the Coalition Government. However, Philipps and Ward were both defeated at the 1922 general election
by Conservative Party candidates, and neither stood again.
.
British Indian Army
The British Indian Army, officially simply the Indian Army, was the principal army of the British Raj in India before the partition of India in 1947...
and a Liberal Party
Liberal Party (UK)
The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day...
politician. He held a seat in the House of Commons from 1906 to 1922.
Early life
Philipps was the son of Rev. Sir J. E. Philipps, Bt. and his wife Mary Margaret, daughter of Rev. Samuel Best and sister of George Best, 5th Baron WynfordBaron Wynford
Baron Wynford, of Wynford Eagle in the County of Dorset, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1829 for the politician and lawyer Sir William Best. He served as Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from 1824 to 1829...
.
His older brother John
John Philipps, 1st Viscount St Davids
John Wynford Philipps, 1st Viscount St Davids PC was a British peer and former Liberal Member of Parliament for Mid Lanarkshire 1888–1894 and Pembrokeshire 1898–1908. He was educated at Felsted School....
(1860–1938) was a Liberal Party politician who became Baron St Davids
Viscount St Davids
Viscount St Davids, of Lydstep Haven in the County of Pembroke, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1918 for John Philipps, 1st Baron St Davids. The Philipps family descends from Sir John Philipps, who represented Pembrokeshire in the House of Commons...
in 1908 and Viscount St Davids
Viscount St Davids
Viscount St Davids, of Lydstep Haven in the County of Pembroke, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1918 for John Philipps, 1st Baron St Davids. The Philipps family descends from Sir John Philipps, who represented Pembrokeshire in the House of Commons...
in 1918; his younger brothers include Lord Kylsant
Owen Philipps, 1st Baron Kylsant
Owen Cosby Philipps, 1st Baron Kylsant was a British businessman and politician, later jailed for producing a document with intent to deceive.-Background:...
and Lord Milford
Laurence Philipps, 1st Baron Milford
Laurence Richard Philipps, 1st Baron Milford , was a British peer.Philipps was the sixth son of Reverend Sir James Philipps, 12th Baronet St Davids, and his wife the Hon. Mary Margaret . John Philipps, 1st Viscount St Davids, and Owen Philipps, 1st Baron Kylsant, were his elder brothers...
.
He was educated at Felsted School
Felsted School
Felsted School, an English co-educational day and boarding independent school, situated in Felsted, Essex. It is in the British Public School tradition, and was founded in 1564 by Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich who, as Lord Chancellor and Chancellor of the Court of Augmentations, acquired...
, and served in the military from 1881 to 1883.
Military career
Philipps joined the Indian ArmyBritish Indian Army
The British Indian Army, officially simply the Indian Army, was the principal army of the British Raj in India before the partition of India in 1947...
in 1883 as a Lieutenant
Lieutenant
A lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer in many nations' armed forces. Typically, the rank of lieutenant in naval usage, while still a junior officer rank, is senior to the army rank...
, and was promoted to Major
Major
Major is a rank of commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every military in the world.When used unhyphenated, in conjunction with no other indicator of rank, the term refers to the rank just senior to that of an Army captain and just below the rank of lieutenant colonel. ...
in 1901. He fought in the Anglo-Burmese War
Third Anglo-Burmese War
The Third Anglo-Burmese War was a conflict that took place during 7–29 November 1885, with sporadic resistance and insurgency continuing into 1887. It was the final of three wars fought in the 19th century between the Burmese and the British...
from 1885 to 1889, in the Miranzai Expedition in 1891, the Isazai Expedition in 1892, with the Tirah Field Force from 1897 to 1898, and served in China from 1900 to 1901 as Quartermaster-General. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in 1900.
He retired from the army in 1903, and joined the Pembrokeshire Yeomanry as second-in-command, becoming commander from 1908 to 1912.
On the outbrdeak of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
he initially served in the War Office
War Office
The War Office was a department of the British Government, responsible for the administration of the British Army between the 17th century and 1964, when its functions were transferred to the Ministry of Defence...
, and in November 1914 he was promoted to Brigadier-General in command of the 115th Brigade. In January 1916 he took command of the 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division, bringing the dvision to France, and after a break while he held ministerial office in London he led the division during the first assault on Mametz Wood, at the Battle of the Somme in 1916.
Politics
At the 1906 general electionUnited Kingdom general election, 1906
-Seats summary:-See also:*MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1906*The Parliamentary Franchise in the United Kingdom 1885-1918-External links:***-References:*F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987**...
, Philipps was elected as a Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
(MP) for Southampton
Southampton (UK Parliament constituency)
Southampton was a parliamentary constituency which was represented in the British House of Commons. Centred on the town of Southampton, it returned two Members of Parliament from 1295 until it was abolished for the 1950 general election....
. At each of the previous two general elections, the city's two parliamentary seats had been won a Conservative
Conservative Party (UK)
The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House...
and a Liberal Unionist
Liberal Unionist Party
The Liberal Unionist Party was a British political party that was formed in 1886 by a faction that broke away from the Liberal Party. Led by Lord Hartington and Joseph Chamberlain, the party formed a political alliance with the Conservative Party in opposition to Irish Home Rule...
; in 1906 the Liberals won both seats. Philipps was re-elected in Southampton at both the January 1910 and December 1910 general elections, along with his fellow Liberal William Dudley Ward
William Dudley Ward
William Dudley Ward PC , was a British sportsman and Liberal politician.-Early life:Dudley Ward was born in London, the son of William Humble Dudley Ward and the great-grandson of William Humble Ward, 10th Baron Ward His mother was the Honourable Eugenie Violet Adele Brett,...
. He served in 1915 as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Munitions, and was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1917.
At the post-war
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
1918 general election
United Kingdom general election, 1918
The United Kingdom general election of 1918 was the first to be held after the Representation of the People Act 1918, which meant it was the first United Kingdom general election in which nearly all adult men and some women could vote. Polling was held on 14 December 1918, although the count did...
, both Philipps and Ward were re-elected as Coalition Liberals, i.e. as holders of the "coalition coupon
Coalition Coupon
The ‘Coalition Coupon’, often referred to as ‘the coupon’, refers to the letter sent to parliamentary candidates at the United Kingdom general election, 1918 endorsing them as official representatives of the Coalition Government. The 1918 election took place in the heady atmosphere of victory in...
", a sent to parliamentary candidates at the 1918 election endorsing them as official representatives of the Coalition Government. However, Philipps and Ward were both defeated at the 1922 general election
United Kingdom general election, 1922
The United Kingdom general election of 1922 was held on 15 November 1922. It was the first election held after most of the Irish counties left the United Kingdom to form the Irish Free State, and was won by Andrew Bonar Law's Conservatives, who gained an overall majority over Labour, led by John...
by Conservative Party candidates, and neither stood again.
Personal life
In 1891 he married Marian Isobel, a daughter of James Buchan Mirrlees, of GlasgowGlasgow
Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands...
.