Israel Kleiner
Encyclopedia
Professor Israel Simon Kleiner (April 8, 1885 – June 15, 1966) was a biochemist whose work helped lead to the discovery of insulin
.
Kleiner's grandparents Israel and Eva (Meyer) were Jews who came to America from Bavaria
, Germany in 1848.
Born in New Haven, Connecticut
, Kleiner was a member of the Congregation Mishkan Israel temple, where his uncle, city council member Charles Kleiner was president.
Kleiner received his Ph.D in Biochemistry at Yale
in 1909. From 1910, he worked as an assistant in physiology at the Rockefeller Institute , until 1914 when he became an associate. In 1919 he was appointed as Professor at the New York Homeopathic Medical College (later to become New York Medical College
). Here he served as acting Dean in 1921 and then as Dean from 1922-1925. In 1935 he became professor of Biochemistry, and from 1948 was the Director of the Department of Biochemistry.
On February 10, 1959, Kleiner was awarded the third annual Van Slyke award in Clinical Chemistry, at the New York Academy of Sciences
.
He was buried near his grandparents at the Congregation Mishkan Israel cemetery, in New Haven, Connecticut.
, Kleiner was one of the first to demonstrate the effect of extracts from the pancreas
on animals, causing hypoglycemia
. These were the early efforts which eventually helped lead to the discovery of insulin
.
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....
.
Kleiner's grandparents Israel and Eva (Meyer) were Jews who came to America from Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
, Germany in 1848.
Born in New Haven, Connecticut
New Haven, Connecticut
New Haven is the second-largest city in Connecticut and the sixth-largest in New England. According to the 2010 Census, New Haven's population increased by 5.0% between 2000 and 2010, a rate higher than that of the State of Connecticut, and higher than that of the state's five largest cities, and...
, Kleiner was a member of the Congregation Mishkan Israel temple, where his uncle, city council member Charles Kleiner was president.
Kleiner received his Ph.D in Biochemistry at Yale
YALE
RapidMiner, formerly YALE , is an environment for machine learning, data mining, text mining, predictive analytics, and business analytics. It is used for research, education, training, rapid prototyping, application development, and industrial applications...
in 1909. From 1910, he worked as an assistant in physiology at the Rockefeller Institute , until 1914 when he became an associate. In 1919 he was appointed as Professor at the New York Homeopathic Medical College (later to become New York Medical College
New York Medical College
New York Medical College, aka New York Med or NYMC, is a private graduate health sciences university based in Westchester County, New York, a suburb of New York City and a part of the New York Metropolitan Area...
). Here he served as acting Dean in 1921 and then as Dean from 1922-1925. In 1935 he became professor of Biochemistry, and from 1948 was the Director of the Department of Biochemistry.
On February 10, 1959, Kleiner was awarded the third annual Van Slyke award in Clinical Chemistry, at the New York Academy of Sciences
New York Academy of Sciences
The New York Academy of Sciences is the third oldest scientific society in the United States. An independent, non-profit organization with more than members in 140 countries, the Academy’s mission is to advance understanding of science and technology...
.
He was buried near his grandparents at the Congregation Mishkan Israel cemetery, in New Haven, Connecticut.
Insulin
In 1919, at the Rockefeller InstituteRockefeller University
The Rockefeller University is a private university offering postgraduate and postdoctoral education. It has a strong concentration in the biological sciences. It is also known for producing numerous Nobel laureates...
, Kleiner was one of the first to demonstrate the effect of extracts from the pancreas
Pancreas
The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist...
on animals, causing hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia or hypoglycæmia is the medical term for a state produced by a lower than normal level of blood glucose. The term literally means "under-sweet blood"...
. These were the early efforts which eventually helped lead to the discovery of insulin
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....
.