Isotopes of titanium
Encyclopedia
Naturally occurring titanium
Titanium
Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant transition metal with a silver color....

(Ti) is composed of 5 stable isotope
Isotope
Isotopes are variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons. Atoms of a particular element by definition must contain the same number of protons but may have a distinct number of neutrons which differs from atom to atom, without changing the designation...

s; 46Ti, 47Ti, 48Ti, 49Ti and 50Ti with 48Ti being the most abundant (73.8% natural abundance
Natural abundance
In chemistry, natural abundance refers to the abundance of isotopes of a chemical element as naturally found on a planet. The relative atomic mass of these isotopes is the atomic weight listed for the element in the periodic table...

). Twenty-one radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 44Ti with a half-life
Half-life
Half-life, abbreviated t½, is the period of time it takes for the amount of a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. The name was originally used to describe a characteristic of unstable atoms , but it may apply to any quantity which follows a set-rate decay.The original term, dating to...

 of 60 years, 45Ti with a half-life of 184.8 minutes, 51Ti with a half-life of 5.76 minutes, and 52Ti with a half-life of 1.7 minutes. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 33 seconds and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than half a second. The least stable is
61Ti, but it has a half-life somewhat longer than 300 nanoseconds.

The isotopes of titanium range in atomic weight
Atomic weight
Atomic weight is a dimensionless physical quantity, the ratio of the average mass of atoms of an element to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12...

 from 38.01 u (38Ti) to 62.99 u (63Ti). The primary decay mode
Radioactive decay
Radioactive decay is the process by which an atomic nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting ionizing particles . The emission is spontaneous, in that the atom decays without any physical interaction with another particle from outside the atom...

 before the most abundant stable isotope, 48Ti, is β+
Beta decay
In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a...

 and the primary mode after is β-. The primary decay product
Decay product
In nuclear physics, a decay product is the remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay. Radioactive decay often involves a sequence of steps...

s before 48Ti are scandium
Scandium
Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic transition metal, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanoids...

 isotopes and the primary products after are vanadium
Vanadium
Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery gray, ductile and malleable transition metal. The formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the metal against oxidation. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature...

 isotopes.

Standard atomic mass: 47.867(1) u

Table

nuclide
symbol
Z(p
Proton
The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number....

)
N(n
Neutron
The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of...

)
 
isotopic mass (u)
 
half-life decay
mode(s)Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
Electron capture
Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino...

daughter
isotope(s)Bold for stable isotopes
nuclear
spin
representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)
range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
excitation energy
38Ti 22 16 38.00977(27)# <120 ns 2p
Proton emission
Proton emission is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a nucleus. Proton emission can occur from high-lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay, in which case the process is known as beta-delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state of very...

36Ca 0+
39Ti 22 17 39.00161(22)# 31(4) ms
[31(+6-4) ms]
β+
Beta decay
In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a...

, p (85%)
38Ca 3/2+#
β+ (15%) 39Sc
β+, 2p (<.1%) 37K
40Ti 22 18 39.99050(17) 53.3(15) ms β+ (56.99%) 40Sc 0+
β+, p (43.01%) 39Ca
41Ti 22 19 40.98315(11)# 80.4(9) ms β+, p (>99.9%) 40Ca 3/2+
β+ (<.1%) 41Sc
42Ti 22 20 41.973031(6) 199(6) ms β+ 313.0(10) keV 12.6(6) µs (3/2+)
43m2Ti 3066.4(10) keV 560(6) ns (19/2-)
44Ti 22 22 43.9596901(8) 60.0(11) a EC
Electron capture
Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino...

44Sc 0+
45Ti 22 23 44.9581256(11) 184.8(5) min β+ 45Sc 7/2-
46Ti 22 24 45.9526316(9) Stable 0+ 0.0825(3)
47Ti 22 25 46.9517631(9) Stable 5/2- 0.0744(2)
48Ti 22 26 47.9479463(9) Stable 0+ 0.7372(3)
49Ti 22 27 48.9478700(9) Stable 7/2- 0.0541(2)
50Ti 22 28 49.9447912(9) Stable 0+ 0.0518(2)
51Ti 22 29 50.946615(1) 5.76(1) min β- 51V 3/2-
52Ti 22 30 51.946897(8) 1.7(1) min β- 52V 0+
53Ti 22 31 52.94973(11) 32.7(9) s β- 53V (3/2)-
54Ti 22 32 53.95105(13) 1.5(4) s β- 54V 0+
55Ti 22 33 54.95527(16) 490(90) ms β- 55V 3/2-#
56Ti 22 34 55.95820(21) 164(24) ms β- (>99.9%) 56V 0+
β-, n
Neutron emission
Neutron emission is a type of radioactive decay of atoms containing excess neutrons, in which a neutron is simply ejected from the nucleus. Two examples of isotopes which emit neutrons are helium-5 and beryllium-13...

(<.1%)
55V
57Ti 22 35 56.96399(49) 60(16) ms β- (>99.9%) 57V 5/2-#
β-, n (<.1%) 56V
58Ti 22 36 57.96697(75)# 54(7) ms β- 58V 0+
59Ti 22 37 58.97293(75)# 30(3) ms β- 59V (5/2-)#
60Ti 22 38 59.97676(86)# 22(2) ms β- 60V 0+
61Ti 22 39 60.98320(97)# 10# ms
[>300 ns]
β- 61V 1/2-#
β-, n 60V
62Ti 22 40 61.98749(97)# 10# ms 0+
63Ti 22 41 62.99442(107)# 3# ms 1/2-#

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