Isotopes of seaborgium
Encyclopedia
Seaborgium
Seaborgium
Seaborgium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Sg and atomic number 106.Seaborgium is a synthetic element whose most stable isotope 271Sg has a half-life of 1.9 minutes. A new isotope 269Sg has a potentially slightly longer half-life based on the observation of a single decay...

(Sg) is an artificial element, and thus a standard atomic mass
Atomic mass
The atomic mass is the mass of a specific isotope, most often expressed in unified atomic mass units. The atomic mass is the total mass of protons, neutrons and electrons in a single atom....

 cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotope
Stable isotope
Stable isotopes are chemical isotopes that may or may not be radioactive, but if radioactive, have half-lives too long to be measured.Only 90 nuclides from the first 40 elements are energetically stable to any kind of decay save proton decay, in theory...

s. The first isotope
Isotope
Isotopes are variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons. Atoms of a particular element by definition must contain the same number of protons but may have a distinct number of neutrons which differs from atom to atom, without changing the designation...

 to be synthesized was 263mSg in 1974. There are 12 known radioisotopes from 258Sg to 271Sg and 2 known isomer
Nuclear isomer
A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons . "Metastable" refers to the fact that these excited states have half-lives more than 100 to 1000 times the half-lives of the other possible excited nuclear states...

s (261mSg and 263mSg). The longest-lived isotope is 271Sg with a half-life
Half-life
Half-life, abbreviated t½, is the period of time it takes for the amount of a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. The name was originally used to describe a characteristic of unstable atoms , but it may apply to any quantity which follows a set-rate decay.The original term, dating to...

 of 2.4 minutes.

Table

nuclide
symbol
Z(p
Proton
The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number....

)
N(n
Neutron
The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of...

)
 
isotopic mass (u)
 
half-life decay
mode(s)Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
Electron capture
Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino...


IC: Internal conversion
Internal conversion
Internal conversion is a radioactive decay process where an excited nucleus interacts with an electron in one of the lower atomic orbitals, causing the electron to be emitted from the atom. Thus, in an internal conversion process, a high-energy electron is emitted from the radioactive atom, but...


SF: Spontaneous fission
Spontaneous fission
Spontaneous fission is a form of radioactive decay characteristic of very heavy isotopes. Because the nuclear binding energy reaches a maximum at a nuclear mass greater than about 60 atomic mass units , spontaneous breakdown into smaller nuclei and single particles becomes possible at heavier masses...

daughter
isotope(s)
nuclear
spin
excitation energy
258Sg 106 152 258.11317(45)# 3.3(10) ms
[2.9(+13-7) ms]
SF
Spontaneous fission
Spontaneous fission is a form of radioactive decay characteristic of very heavy isotopes. Because the nuclear binding energy reaches a maximum at a nuclear mass greater than about 60 atomic mass units , spontaneous breakdown into smaller nuclei and single particles becomes possible at heavier masses...

(various) 0+
259Sg 106 153 259.11450(19)# 580(210) ms
[0.48(+28-13) s]
α
Alpha decay
Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle and thereby transforms into an atom with a mass number 4 less and atomic number 2 less...

255Rf 1/2+#
260Sg 106 154 260.11442(4) 3.8(8) ms SF (74%) (various) 0+
α (26%) 256Rf
261Sg 106 155 261.11612(14)# 230(60) ms α (98.1%) 257Rf 7/2+#
EC
Electron capture
Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino...

 (1.3%)
261Db
SF (.6%) (various)
261mSg 9 µs IC
Internal conversion
Internal conversion is a radioactive decay process where an excited nucleus interacts with an electron in one of the lower atomic orbitals, causing the electron to be emitted from the atom. Thus, in an internal conversion process, a high-energy electron is emitted from the radioactive atom, but...

261Sg
262SgNot directly synthesized, occurs in the decay chain
Decay chain
In nuclear science, the decay chain refers to the radioactive decay of different discrete radioactive decay products as a chained series of transformations...

 of 270Ds
106 156 262.1164(3)# 8(3) ms
[6.9(+38-18) ms]
SF (various) 0+
263SgNot directly synthesized, occurs in the decay chain of 271Ds 106 157 263.11832(13)# 1.0(2) s α 259Rf 9/2+#
263mSg 100(70)# keV 120 ms α (87%) 259Rf 3/2+#
SF (13%) (various)
264Sg 106 158 264.11893(30)# 0.4# s SF (various) 0+
265aSg 106 159 265.12111(6) 8(3) s α 261Rf
265bSg 16.2 s α 261Rf
266SgNot directly synthesized, occurs as decay product
Decay product
In nuclear physics, a decay product is the remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay. Radioactive decay often involves a sequence of steps...

of 270Hs
106 160 266.12207(31)# 21(6) s SF (various) 0+
267SgNot directly synthesized, occurs as decay product of 271Hs 106 161 267.12443(29)# 19 ms SF (83%) (various)
α (17%) 263Rf
269SgNot directly synthesized, occurs in the decay chain of 285Uuq 106 163 269.12876(70)# 35(23) s α 265Rf
271SgNot directly synthesized, occurs in the decay chain of 287Uuq 106 165 271.13347(70)# 2.4(+43-10) min α (67%) 267Rf
SF (33%) (various)

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